辽宁獐子岛马牙滩潮间带及近岸海区大型底栖动物群落特征
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摘要
为摸清辽宁獐子岛潮间带及近岸海区的大型底栖动物的分布现状和群落受扰动情况,作者于2011年11月中旬在马牙滩潮间带和近岸海区采集大型底栖动物,采用优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数,Bray-Curtis相似性聚类分析、MDS标序和ABC曲线等方法,分析该区域内大型底栖动物群落的生态学特点。结果表明,在潮间带共鉴定大型底栖动物39种,优势类群为多毛类、甲壳类和软体类;优势种均为多毛类,即小头虫(Capitella capitata)、多美沙蚕(Lycastopsis augenari)、仙居虫(Naineris laevigata)和短叶索沙蚕(Lumbrineris latreilli);平均生物量为25.76±41.08g/m2,以软体动物占优势;平均栖息密度为315.11±160.73个/m2,以多毛类占优势;丰富度指数、均匀度指数与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数的平均值分别为1.17±0.89,0.74±0.17和1.80±1.09。近岸海区共鉴定大型底栖动物40种,优势类群为多毛类、甲壳动物、软体动物和棘皮动物。优势种包括4种棘皮动物和1种多毛类,即紫蛇尾(Ophiopholis mirabilis)、日本倍棘蛇尾(Amphioplus japonicus)、短叶索沙蚕、心形海胆(Echinocardium cordatum)和浅水萨氏真蛇尾(Ophiurasar siivadicola)。近岸海区的平均生物量和平均栖息密度分别为218.86±152.24g/m2和700.00±471.51个/m2,均以棘皮动物占优势。丰富度指数、均匀度指数与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数的平均值分别为1.40±0.60,0.64±0.19和2.04±0.78。聚类分析结果表明,潮间带不同潮区间和近岸海区不同断面间群落差异显著。ABC曲线分析显示,獐子岛潮间带底质环境受到中度扰动,大型底栖动物群落结构处于不稳定状态;近岸海区受到轻度干扰,群落结构未发生明显变化。
We completed a quantitative investigation of the macrobenthic community in the intertidal zone and offshore areas of Zhangzi Island in November 2011 to identify the distribution and potential anthropogenic impacts on this aquatic community. Four biodiversity indices, Bray-Curtis similarity, MDS ordination analyses, and ABC curves were used in the present work to analyze the community structure. We identified 39 total macrobenthic species in the intertidal zone of Maya Beach, of which the most dominant groups were the Polychaeta, followed by Crustacea, and Mollusca. We found four dominant species belonging to Polychaeta, including Capitella capitata, Lycastopsis augenari, Naineris laevigata, and Lumbrineris latreilli. Av- erage biomass of the intertidal zone was 25.76±41.08 g/m2 , of which Mollusca contributed most. Average density was 315.11±160.73 ind./m2 , of which the Polychaeta contributed most. The average value of three biodiversity indices were relatively low (Richness index 1.17±0.89, Evenness index 0.74±0.17 and Shannon-Wiener index 1.80±1.09). We identified 40 species in the offshore areas, of which the most dominant group was Polychaeta, followed by Crustacea, Mollusca and Echinodermata. We also identified five domi-nant species in offshore areas, including Ophiopholis mirabilis, Amphioplus japonicus, Lumbrineris latreilli, Echinocardium cordatum, and Ophiura sarsiivadicola. The average value of biomass and density was higher in the offshore areas compared to that of intertidal zone, with 218.86±152.24g/m2 and 700.00±471.51 ind./m2 , respectively. The average value of Richness index was 1.40±0.60, Evenness index0.64±0.19 , and Shannon-Wiener index 2.04±0.78. MDS ordination analysis showed that community structure was significantly different within the intertidal zone and the offshore areas. Lastly, the macrobenthos fauna in intertidal zone were impacted by a moderate anthropogenic disturbance, whereas the fauna in offshore areas was slightly disturbed.
We completed a quantitative investigation of the macrobenthic community in the intertidal zone and offshore areas of Zhangzi Island in November 2011 to identify the distribution and potential anthropogenic impacts on this aquatic community. Four biodiversity indices, Bray-Curtis similarity, MDS ordination analyses, and ABC curves were used in the present work to analyze the community structure. We identified 39 total macrobenthic species in the intertidal zone of Maya Beach, of which the most dominant groups were the Polychaeta, followed by Crustacea, and Mollusca. We found four dominant species belonging to Polychaeta, including Capitella capitata, Lycastopsis augenari, Naineris laevigata, and Lumbrineris latreilli. Av- erage biomass of the intertidal zone was 25.76±41.08 g/m2 , of which Mollusca contributed most. Average density was 315.11±160.73 ind./m2 , of which the Polychaeta contributed most. The average value of three biodiversity indices were relatively low (Richness index 1.17±0.89, Evenness index 0.74±0.17 and Shannon-Wiener index 1.80±1.09). We identified 40 species in the offshore areas, of which the most dominant group was Polychaeta, followed by Crustacea, Mollusca and Echinodermata. We also identified five domi-nant species in offshore areas, including Ophiopholis mirabilis, Amphioplus japonicus, Lumbrineris latreilli, Echinocardium cordatum, and Ophiura sarsiivadicola. The average value of biomass and density was higher in the offshore areas compared to that of intertidal zone, with 218.86±152.24g/m2 and 700.00±471.51 ind./m2 , respectively. The average value of Richness index was 1.40±0.60, Evenness index0.64±0.19 , and Shannon-Wiener index 2.04±0.78. MDS ordination analysis showed that community structure was significantly different within the intertidal zone and the offshore areas. Lastly, the macrobenthos fauna in intertidal zone were impacted by a moderate anthropogenic disturbance, whereas the fauna in offshore areas was slightly disturbed.
引文
①齐继峰(2011)大连獐子岛附近海域三维潮汐潮流数值模拟与研究.中国海洋大学硕士学位论文,青岛.
① 刘卫霞 (2009) 北黄海夏、冬两季大型底栖生物生态学研究. 中国海洋大学硕士学位论文, 山东青岛.
Cai LZ (蔡立哲), Ma L (马丽), Gao Y (高阳), Zheng TL (郑天凌), Lin P (林鹏) (2002) Analysis on assessing criterion forpolluted situation using species diversity index of marinemacrofauna. Journal of Xiamen University (NaturalScience) (厦门大学学报(自然科学版)), 41, 641–646. (inChinese with English abstract)
Cao SM (曹善茂), Zhou YB (周一兵) (2001) Species andnumber of benthos and evaluation about environment in thewaters of Dalian coast. Journal of Dalian FisheriesUniversity (大连水产学院学报), 16, 34–41. (in Chinesewith English abstract)
Chen YQ (陈亚瞿), Xu ZL (徐兆礼), Wang YL (王云龙), HuFX (胡方西), Hu H (胡辉), Gu GZ (谷国传) (1995) Anecological study on zooplankton in plume front zone ofChangjiang (Yangtze) River Estuarine Area. I. Biomassdistribution of dominant species. Journal of FisherySciences of China (中国水产科学), 2, 49–58. (in Chinesewith English abstract)
Crawford CM, Macleod CKA, Mitchell IM (2003) Effects ofshellfish farming on the benthic environment. Aquaculture,224,117–140.
Grall J, Glémarec M (1997) Using biotic indices to estimatemacrobenthic community perturbations in the Bay of Brest.Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 44, 43–53.
Currie DR, Small KJ (2005) Macrobenthic communityresponses to long-term environmental change in an eastAustralian sub-tropical estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and ShelfScience, 63, 315–331.
Herman PMJ, Middelburg JJ, van de Koppel J, Heip CHR(1999) Ecology of estuarine macrobenthos. Advances inEcological Research, 29,195–240.
Huang YQ (黄雅琴), Li RG (李荣冠), Wang JJ (王建军),Zheng CX (郑成兴), Zheng FW (郑凤武), Lin JH (林俊辉),Jiang JX (江锦祥), Li SZ (李淑珠) (2010) Intertidal benthosdiversity in the Meizhou Bay, Fujian Province. BiodiversityScience ( 生物多样性 ), 18, 156–162. (in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Hu HY (胡颢琰), Huang B (黄备), Tang JL (唐静亮), Ren SJ(任世军), Shao XW (邵秀伟) (2000) Studies on benthicecology in coastal waters of Bohai and Yellow Seas.Donghai Marine Science ( 东海海洋 ), 18, 39–46. (inChinese with English abstract)
Jiao HF (焦海峰), Peng XM (彭小明), You ZJ (尤仲杰), ShiHX (施慧雄), Lou ZJ (楼志军), Liu HD (刘红丹) (2011)Species diversity of macrobenthos in the rocky intertidalzone of Yushan Island. Biodiversity Science (生物多样性),19, 511–518. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Li BQ (李宝泉), Li XZ (李新正), Wang HF (王洪法), WangYQ (王永强), Wang JB (王金宝), Zhang BL (张宝琳)(2007) Characters of a macrobenthic community off theChangjiang River Estuary. Acta Zoologica Sinica (动物学报), 53, 76–82. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Lin GM (林更铭), Li BQ (李炳乾), Xiang P (项鹏), Yang QL(杨清良) (2009) Preliminary studies on cyclic utilization ofwastewater from marine aquaculture plant. Marine Sciences(海洋科学), 33, 47–50. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu WX (刘卫霞), Yu ZS (于子山), Qu FY (曲方圆), Sui JX(隋吉星), Zhang ZN (张志南) (2009) Species compositionand quantitative distribution of abundance and biomass ofmacrobenthos in the North Yellow Sea in winter. Periodicalof Ocean University of China (中国海洋大学学报), 39,115–119. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Margalef R (1968) Perspectives in Ecological Theory.University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Pielou EC (1975) Ecological Diversity. Wiley, New York.
Pinto R, Patrício J, Baeta A, Fath BD, Neto JM, Marques JC(2009) Review and evaluation of estuarine biotic indices toassess benthic condition. Ecological Indicators, 91, 1–25.
Shannon CE, Weaver W (1949) The Mathematical Theory ofCommunication. University of Illinois, Urbanna.
Tian LS (田丽斯), Li Y (李莹), Zhang M (张明), Wang HW(王宏伟) (2009) The benthic marine alga resources andseasonal changes in intertidal zone at Zhangzi Island.Fisheries Science (水产科学), 28, 142–145. (in Chinesewith English abstract)
Wang HF (王洪法), Li BQ (李宝泉), Zhang BL (张宝琳),Shuai LM (帅莲梅), Li XZ (李新正) (2006) The ecologicalresearch of the macrobenthic community in intertidal zoneof Hongshiya, Jiaozhou Bay. Marine Sciences (海洋科学),30(9), 52–57. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang Y (王瑜), Liu LS (刘录三), Liu CQ (刘存歧), Zhu YZ(朱延忠), Xu HM (徐海明) (2010) Community structurecharacteristics of macrobenthos in the coastal seawaters ofBohai Bay in spring. Research of Environmental Sciences(环境科学研究), 23, 430–436. (in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Wang ZX (王宗兴), Fan SL (范士亮), Xu QZ (徐勤增), WangSQ (王守强), Wei QS (韦钦胜), Zang JY (臧家业) (2010)Characteristics of macrobenthic community in spring in thecoastal waters of Qingdao. Advances in Marine Science (海洋科学进展), 28, 50–56. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Warwick RM (1986) A new method for detecting pollutioneffects on marine macrobenthic communities. MarineBiology, 924, 557–562.
Weigelt M (1991) Short and long-term changes in the benthiccommunity of the deeper parts of Kiel Bay (western Baltic)due to oxygen depletion and eutrophication. Meeresforsch,33, 197–224.
Wu BL ( 吴宝铃 ) (1964) Subspecific differentiation andecological characteristics of Capitella capitata (Fabricius,1780) (Polychaeta, Capitellidae). Oceanologia et Limn-ologia Sinica (海洋与湖沼), 6, 260–271. (in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Yu HY (于海燕), Li XZ (李新正), Li BQ (李宝泉), Wang JB(王金宝), Wang HF (王洪法) (2006) The species diversityof macrobenthic fauna in Jiaozhou Bay. Acta EcologicaSinica (生态学报), 26, 416–422. (in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Zhang BL (张宝琳), Wang HF (王洪法), Li BQ (李宝泉),Wang YQ (王永强), Wang JB (王金宝), Li XZ (李新正)(2007) The ecology of the macrobenthic community in theintertidal zone of Xindao, Jiaozhou Bay. Marine Sciences( 海洋科学 ), 31(1), 60–64. (in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Zhang JH (张继红), Fang JG (方建光), Jiang ZJ (蒋增杰),Wang W (王巍), Wang SH (王诗欢), Sun S (孙松) (2008)Seasonal variation of primary production andspatial-temporal distribution of chlorophyll a in mariculturearea of Zhangzidao Island. Marine Fisheries Research (海洋水产研究), 29, 22–28. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang JH (张继红), Wang W (王巍), Jiang ZJ (蒋增杰), FangJG (方建光), Wang SH (王诗欢), Zang YC (臧有才), XueSY (薛素艳) (2009) Distribution features of nitrogen andphosphorus in Zhangzi Island maricultural area. Progress inFishery Sciences (渔业科学进展), 30, 88–96. (in Chinesewith English abstract)
Zhou Y (周毅), Yang HS (杨红生), He YC (何义朝), ZhangFS (张福绥) (2002) Nitrogen and phosphorus excretion andits ecological effect by several bivalves and fouling animals.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica ( 海洋与湖沼 ), 33,424–431. (in Chinese with English abstract)
① 刘卫霞 (2009) 北黄海夏、冬两季大型底栖生物生态学研究. 中国海洋大学硕士学位论文, 山东青岛.
Cai LZ (蔡立哲), Ma L (马丽), Gao Y (高阳), Zheng TL (郑天凌), Lin P (林鹏) (2002) Analysis on assessing criterion forpolluted situation using species diversity index of marinemacrofauna. Journal of Xiamen University (NaturalScience) (厦门大学学报(自然科学版)), 41, 641–646. (inChinese with English abstract)
Cao SM (曹善茂), Zhou YB (周一兵) (2001) Species andnumber of benthos and evaluation about environment in thewaters of Dalian coast. Journal of Dalian FisheriesUniversity (大连水产学院学报), 16, 34–41. (in Chinesewith English abstract)
Chen YQ (陈亚瞿), Xu ZL (徐兆礼), Wang YL (王云龙), HuFX (胡方西), Hu H (胡辉), Gu GZ (谷国传) (1995) Anecological study on zooplankton in plume front zone ofChangjiang (Yangtze) River Estuarine Area. I. Biomassdistribution of dominant species. Journal of FisherySciences of China (中国水产科学), 2, 49–58. (in Chinesewith English abstract)
Crawford CM, Macleod CKA, Mitchell IM (2003) Effects ofshellfish farming on the benthic environment. Aquaculture,224,117–140.
Grall J, Glémarec M (1997) Using biotic indices to estimatemacrobenthic community perturbations in the Bay of Brest.Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 44, 43–53.
Currie DR, Small KJ (2005) Macrobenthic communityresponses to long-term environmental change in an eastAustralian sub-tropical estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and ShelfScience, 63, 315–331.
Herman PMJ, Middelburg JJ, van de Koppel J, Heip CHR(1999) Ecology of estuarine macrobenthos. Advances inEcological Research, 29,195–240.
Huang YQ (黄雅琴), Li RG (李荣冠), Wang JJ (王建军),Zheng CX (郑成兴), Zheng FW (郑凤武), Lin JH (林俊辉),Jiang JX (江锦祥), Li SZ (李淑珠) (2010) Intertidal benthosdiversity in the Meizhou Bay, Fujian Province. BiodiversityScience ( 生物多样性 ), 18, 156–162. (in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Hu HY (胡颢琰), Huang B (黄备), Tang JL (唐静亮), Ren SJ(任世军), Shao XW (邵秀伟) (2000) Studies on benthicecology in coastal waters of Bohai and Yellow Seas.Donghai Marine Science ( 东海海洋 ), 18, 39–46. (inChinese with English abstract)
Jiao HF (焦海峰), Peng XM (彭小明), You ZJ (尤仲杰), ShiHX (施慧雄), Lou ZJ (楼志军), Liu HD (刘红丹) (2011)Species diversity of macrobenthos in the rocky intertidalzone of Yushan Island. Biodiversity Science (生物多样性),19, 511–518. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Li BQ (李宝泉), Li XZ (李新正), Wang HF (王洪法), WangYQ (王永强), Wang JB (王金宝), Zhang BL (张宝琳)(2007) Characters of a macrobenthic community off theChangjiang River Estuary. Acta Zoologica Sinica (动物学报), 53, 76–82. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Lin GM (林更铭), Li BQ (李炳乾), Xiang P (项鹏), Yang QL(杨清良) (2009) Preliminary studies on cyclic utilization ofwastewater from marine aquaculture plant. Marine Sciences(海洋科学), 33, 47–50. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu WX (刘卫霞), Yu ZS (于子山), Qu FY (曲方圆), Sui JX(隋吉星), Zhang ZN (张志南) (2009) Species compositionand quantitative distribution of abundance and biomass ofmacrobenthos in the North Yellow Sea in winter. Periodicalof Ocean University of China (中国海洋大学学报), 39,115–119. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Margalef R (1968) Perspectives in Ecological Theory.University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Pielou EC (1975) Ecological Diversity. Wiley, New York.
Pinto R, Patrício J, Baeta A, Fath BD, Neto JM, Marques JC(2009) Review and evaluation of estuarine biotic indices toassess benthic condition. Ecological Indicators, 91, 1–25.
Shannon CE, Weaver W (1949) The Mathematical Theory ofCommunication. University of Illinois, Urbanna.
Tian LS (田丽斯), Li Y (李莹), Zhang M (张明), Wang HW(王宏伟) (2009) The benthic marine alga resources andseasonal changes in intertidal zone at Zhangzi Island.Fisheries Science (水产科学), 28, 142–145. (in Chinesewith English abstract)
Wang HF (王洪法), Li BQ (李宝泉), Zhang BL (张宝琳),Shuai LM (帅莲梅), Li XZ (李新正) (2006) The ecologicalresearch of the macrobenthic community in intertidal zoneof Hongshiya, Jiaozhou Bay. Marine Sciences (海洋科学),30(9), 52–57. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang Y (王瑜), Liu LS (刘录三), Liu CQ (刘存歧), Zhu YZ(朱延忠), Xu HM (徐海明) (2010) Community structurecharacteristics of macrobenthos in the coastal seawaters ofBohai Bay in spring. Research of Environmental Sciences(环境科学研究), 23, 430–436. (in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Wang ZX (王宗兴), Fan SL (范士亮), Xu QZ (徐勤增), WangSQ (王守强), Wei QS (韦钦胜), Zang JY (臧家业) (2010)Characteristics of macrobenthic community in spring in thecoastal waters of Qingdao. Advances in Marine Science (海洋科学进展), 28, 50–56. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Warwick RM (1986) A new method for detecting pollutioneffects on marine macrobenthic communities. MarineBiology, 924, 557–562.
Weigelt M (1991) Short and long-term changes in the benthiccommunity of the deeper parts of Kiel Bay (western Baltic)due to oxygen depletion and eutrophication. Meeresforsch,33, 197–224.
Wu BL ( 吴宝铃 ) (1964) Subspecific differentiation andecological characteristics of Capitella capitata (Fabricius,1780) (Polychaeta, Capitellidae). Oceanologia et Limn-ologia Sinica (海洋与湖沼), 6, 260–271. (in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Yu HY (于海燕), Li XZ (李新正), Li BQ (李宝泉), Wang JB(王金宝), Wang HF (王洪法) (2006) The species diversityof macrobenthic fauna in Jiaozhou Bay. Acta EcologicaSinica (生态学报), 26, 416–422. (in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Zhang BL (张宝琳), Wang HF (王洪法), Li BQ (李宝泉),Wang YQ (王永强), Wang JB (王金宝), Li XZ (李新正)(2007) The ecology of the macrobenthic community in theintertidal zone of Xindao, Jiaozhou Bay. Marine Sciences( 海洋科学 ), 31(1), 60–64. (in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Zhang JH (张继红), Fang JG (方建光), Jiang ZJ (蒋增杰),Wang W (王巍), Wang SH (王诗欢), Sun S (孙松) (2008)Seasonal variation of primary production andspatial-temporal distribution of chlorophyll a in mariculturearea of Zhangzidao Island. Marine Fisheries Research (海洋水产研究), 29, 22–28. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang JH (张继红), Wang W (王巍), Jiang ZJ (蒋增杰), FangJG (方建光), Wang SH (王诗欢), Zang YC (臧有才), XueSY (薛素艳) (2009) Distribution features of nitrogen andphosphorus in Zhangzi Island maricultural area. Progress inFishery Sciences (渔业科学进展), 30, 88–96. (in Chinesewith English abstract)
Zhou Y (周毅), Yang HS (杨红生), He YC (何义朝), ZhangFS (张福绥) (2002) Nitrogen and phosphorus excretion andits ecological effect by several bivalves and fouling animals.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica ( 海洋与湖沼 ), 33,424–431. (in Chinese with English abstract)