不同连作方式对甜荞生长及产量的影响
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摘要
为了明确荞麦不同种间的连作差异,在前茬种植不同荞麦品种的基础上后茬均种植甜荞品种丰甜1号,测定了丰甜1号根际土壤养分、根际土壤酶活性及微生物、根系形态、地上部农艺性状及最终的产量。结果表明:根际土壤的速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量;根际土壤的脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶及细菌和放线菌量;根系长度、表面积、体积、直径及农艺性状均以对照处理较高,前后茬荞麦品种相同时较低;但前后茬荞麦品种相同时根际土壤的pH及根际土壤中真菌量明显高于对照处理;产量以对照处理较高。
In order to explore the difference of continuous cropping among different species of buckwheat,common buckwheat variety Fengtian was planted as subsequent crops based on previous crops planted with different buckwheat varieties. The rhizosphere soil nutrients, soil enzyme activities and microbes, root morphology, overground agronomic traits and final yield of Fengtian No.1 were determined. The results showed that available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter content in rhizosphere soil;urease, alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, catalase, bacteria and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil; root length, surface area, volume, diameter and agronomic characteristics of CK were higher than the other treatments which was lower when the variety of previous and subsequent crops was the same. The pH of rhizosphere soil and the amount of fungi in rhizosphere soil were significantly higher than CK when the variety of previous and subsequent crops was the same. CK had a higher yield.
In order to explore the difference of continuous cropping among different species of buckwheat,common buckwheat variety Fengtian was planted as subsequent crops based on previous crops planted with different buckwheat varieties. The rhizosphere soil nutrients, soil enzyme activities and microbes, root morphology, overground agronomic traits and final yield of Fengtian No.1 were determined. The results showed that available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter content in rhizosphere soil;urease, alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, catalase, bacteria and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil; root length, surface area, volume, diameter and agronomic characteristics of CK were higher than the other treatments which was lower when the variety of previous and subsequent crops was the same. The pH of rhizosphere soil and the amount of fungi in rhizosphere soil were significantly higher than CK when the variety of previous and subsequent crops was the same. CK had a higher yield.
引文
Chen H.,Yang Z.L.,Yuan Z.L.,Yan g X.,and Liu X.F.,2014,Changes of physicochemical property and microflora in rhizosphere soil of continuous cropping of Atractylodes macrocephala,Zhiwu Ziyuan Yu Huanjing Xuebao(Journal of Plant Resources and Environment),23(1):24-29(陈慧,杨志玲,袁志林,杨旭,刘小芳,2014,白术连作根际土壤的理化性质及微生物区系变化,植物资源与环境学报,23(1):24-29)
Chu G.,Liu J.,Zhang H.,and Yang J.C.,2014,Morphology and physiology of roots and their relationships with yield formation in super rice,Zuowu Xuebao(Acta Agronomica Sinica),40(5):850-858(褚光,刘洁,张耗,杨建昌,2014,超级稻根系形态生理特征及其与产量形成的关系,作物学报,40(5):850-858)
Gao Y.,2015,Effects of continuous cropping on physiological characteristics and soil environmental effects of buckwheat,Thesis for M.S.,Northwest A&F University,Supervisor:Gao X.L.,pp.21-26(高扬,2015,连作对荞麦生理特性及土壤环境效应的影响,硕士学位论文,西北农林科技大学,导师:高小丽,pp.21-26)
Gao Y.,Gao X.L.,Zhang D.Q.,Zhao T.,Gao J.F.,Yang P.,and Feng B.L.,2014,Effects of continuous cropping on buckwheat yield,soil nutrient and enzyme activities,Turang(Soils),46(6):1091-1096(高扬,高小丽,张东旗,赵涛,高金锋,杨璞,冯佰利,2014,连作对荞麦产量,土壤养分及酶活性的影响,土壤,46(6):1091-1096)
Hou H.,Dong K.,Yang Z.X.,Dong Y.,Tang L.,and Zheng Y.,2016,Advance in mechanism of continuous cropping obstacle,Turang(Soils),48(6):1068-1076(侯慧,董坤,杨智仙,董艳,汤利,郑毅,2016,连作障碍发生机理研究进展,土壤,48(6):1068-1076)
Li Y.H.,Yang X.K.,Zhang J.L.,Gao F.,Zhang F.,Yang C.T.,Wang Y.Y.,and Li X.D.,2012,Effects of continuous cropping on agronomic traits and physiological characteristics of peanut and its regulation under plastic mulching,Huasheng Xuebao(Journal of Peanut Science),41(3):16-20(李艳红,杨晓康,张佳蕾,高芳,张凤,杨传婷,王媛媛,李向东,2012,连作对花生农艺性状及生理特性的影响及其覆膜调控,花生学报,41(3):16-20)
Liu S.M.,Han S.Y.,Cui G.J.,Zhu L.S.,and LüH.,2003,Effects and mechanism of total flavones of buckwheat leaf in lowering serum glucose and lipid,Disi Junyi Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Fourth Military Medical University),24(19):1815-1817(刘淑梅,韩淑英,崔国金,朱丽莎,吕华,2003,甜荞麦叶总黄酮降糖、降脂作用及机制,第四军医大学学报,24(19):1815-1817)
Luo H.,Hu S.S.,Wu Q.,and Yao H.P.,2015,Analysis of buckwheat chloroplast gene codon bias,Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),34(11):2457-2464(罗洪,胡莎莎,吴琦,姚慧鹏,2015,甜荞叶绿体基因密码子偏爱性分析,基因组学与应用生物学,34(11):2457-2464)
Ma R.R.,Gao X.L.,Cui W.W.,Yang Q.G.,Ma S.R.,Gao J.F.,Wang P.K.,and Feng B.L.,2013,Research on soil nutrient and soil enzyme in kidney bean field with continuous cropping,Huabei Nongxuebao(Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica),28(5):157-162(马瑞瑞,高小丽,崔雯雯,杨秋歌,马淑蓉,高金锋,王鹏科,冯佰利,2013,芸豆连作田土壤酶活性和养分含量研究,华北农学报,28(5):157-162)
Miao J.Y.,Li X.,Zhou D.,Gao Y.,Gao X.L.,Wang P.K.,Gao J.F.,Yang P.,and Feng B.L.,2016,Effects of foxtail millet continuous cropping on soil enzyme activities and nutrients,Ganhan Diqu Nongye Yanjiu(Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas),34(3):123-126,152(妙佳源,李夏,周达,高扬,高小丽,王鹏科,高金锋,杨璞,冯佰利,2016,连作对谷子土壤酶活性及养分的影响,干旱地区农业研究,34(3):123-126,152)
Sun X.T.,Li L.,Long G.Q.,Zhang G.H.,Meng Z.G.,Yang S.C.,and Chen J.W.,2015,The progress and prospect on consecutive monoculture problems of Panax notoginseng,Shengtaixue Zazhi(Chinese Journal of Ecology),34(3):885-893(孙雪婷,李磊,龙光强,张广辉,孟珍贵,杨生超,陈军文,2015,三七连作障碍研究进展,生态学杂志,34(3):885-893)
Wang J.,Zhan Z.S.,Xie Y.H.,Qiu M.W.,and Ke Y.S.,2009,Effects of organic materials application on available nutrient contents in tobacco growing soils,Zhongguo Yancao Kexue(Chinese Tobacco Science),30(2):31-35(王军,詹振寿,谢玉华,邱妙文,柯油松,2009,有机物料对植烟土壤速效养分含量的影响,中国烟草科学,30(2):31-35)
Wang Y.,Zhao Q.,Zhou L.,Wang Y.,Li Z.Z.,Huang X.Y.,and Huang K.F.,2018,Effect of chemical fertilizers regulation on the growth of Fagopyrum esculentum with continuous cropping,Guangdong Nongye Kexue(Guangdong Agricultural Science),45(4):87-93(王雨,赵权,孔德章,周良,王炎,李振宙,黄小燕,黄凯丰,2018,化学肥料调控对连作甜荞生长的影响,广东农业科学,45(4):87-93)
Xu J.B.,2004,Distribution of soil organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium soils of Yangzhou,Turang(Soils),36(1):99-103(徐俊兵,2004,扬州市土壤有机质和速效磷钾的分布研究,土壤,36(1):99-103)
Zhao Q.,2017,Study on injury mechanism of continuous cropping on common buckwheat,Thesis for M.S.,Guizhou Normal University,Supervisor:Huang K.F.,pp.11-12(赵权,2017,连作对甜荞的伤害机理研究,硕士学位论文,贵州师范大学,导师:黄凯丰,pp.11-12)
Zhao T.,Gao X.L.,Gao Y.,Zhang D.Q.,Gao J.F.,Wang P.K.,and Yang P.,2015,Characteristics of buckwheat’s leaf senescence under rotation and continuous cropping,Xibei Nongye Xuebao(Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica),24(11):87-94(赵涛,高小丽,高扬,张东旗,高金锋,王鹏科,杨璞,2015,轮作及连作条件下荞麦功能叶片衰老特性的比较,西北农业学报,24(11):87-94)
Chu G.,Liu J.,Zhang H.,and Yang J.C.,2014,Morphology and physiology of roots and their relationships with yield formation in super rice,Zuowu Xuebao(Acta Agronomica Sinica),40(5):850-858(褚光,刘洁,张耗,杨建昌,2014,超级稻根系形态生理特征及其与产量形成的关系,作物学报,40(5):850-858)
Gao Y.,2015,Effects of continuous cropping on physiological characteristics and soil environmental effects of buckwheat,Thesis for M.S.,Northwest A&F University,Supervisor:Gao X.L.,pp.21-26(高扬,2015,连作对荞麦生理特性及土壤环境效应的影响,硕士学位论文,西北农林科技大学,导师:高小丽,pp.21-26)
Gao Y.,Gao X.L.,Zhang D.Q.,Zhao T.,Gao J.F.,Yang P.,and Feng B.L.,2014,Effects of continuous cropping on buckwheat yield,soil nutrient and enzyme activities,Turang(Soils),46(6):1091-1096(高扬,高小丽,张东旗,赵涛,高金锋,杨璞,冯佰利,2014,连作对荞麦产量,土壤养分及酶活性的影响,土壤,46(6):1091-1096)
Hou H.,Dong K.,Yang Z.X.,Dong Y.,Tang L.,and Zheng Y.,2016,Advance in mechanism of continuous cropping obstacle,Turang(Soils),48(6):1068-1076(侯慧,董坤,杨智仙,董艳,汤利,郑毅,2016,连作障碍发生机理研究进展,土壤,48(6):1068-1076)
Li Y.H.,Yang X.K.,Zhang J.L.,Gao F.,Zhang F.,Yang C.T.,Wang Y.Y.,and Li X.D.,2012,Effects of continuous cropping on agronomic traits and physiological characteristics of peanut and its regulation under plastic mulching,Huasheng Xuebao(Journal of Peanut Science),41(3):16-20(李艳红,杨晓康,张佳蕾,高芳,张凤,杨传婷,王媛媛,李向东,2012,连作对花生农艺性状及生理特性的影响及其覆膜调控,花生学报,41(3):16-20)
Liu S.M.,Han S.Y.,Cui G.J.,Zhu L.S.,and LüH.,2003,Effects and mechanism of total flavones of buckwheat leaf in lowering serum glucose and lipid,Disi Junyi Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Fourth Military Medical University),24(19):1815-1817(刘淑梅,韩淑英,崔国金,朱丽莎,吕华,2003,甜荞麦叶总黄酮降糖、降脂作用及机制,第四军医大学学报,24(19):1815-1817)
Luo H.,Hu S.S.,Wu Q.,and Yao H.P.,2015,Analysis of buckwheat chloroplast gene codon bias,Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),34(11):2457-2464(罗洪,胡莎莎,吴琦,姚慧鹏,2015,甜荞叶绿体基因密码子偏爱性分析,基因组学与应用生物学,34(11):2457-2464)
Ma R.R.,Gao X.L.,Cui W.W.,Yang Q.G.,Ma S.R.,Gao J.F.,Wang P.K.,and Feng B.L.,2013,Research on soil nutrient and soil enzyme in kidney bean field with continuous cropping,Huabei Nongxuebao(Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica),28(5):157-162(马瑞瑞,高小丽,崔雯雯,杨秋歌,马淑蓉,高金锋,王鹏科,冯佰利,2013,芸豆连作田土壤酶活性和养分含量研究,华北农学报,28(5):157-162)
Miao J.Y.,Li X.,Zhou D.,Gao Y.,Gao X.L.,Wang P.K.,Gao J.F.,Yang P.,and Feng B.L.,2016,Effects of foxtail millet continuous cropping on soil enzyme activities and nutrients,Ganhan Diqu Nongye Yanjiu(Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas),34(3):123-126,152(妙佳源,李夏,周达,高扬,高小丽,王鹏科,高金锋,杨璞,冯佰利,2016,连作对谷子土壤酶活性及养分的影响,干旱地区农业研究,34(3):123-126,152)
Sun X.T.,Li L.,Long G.Q.,Zhang G.H.,Meng Z.G.,Yang S.C.,and Chen J.W.,2015,The progress and prospect on consecutive monoculture problems of Panax notoginseng,Shengtaixue Zazhi(Chinese Journal of Ecology),34(3):885-893(孙雪婷,李磊,龙光强,张广辉,孟珍贵,杨生超,陈军文,2015,三七连作障碍研究进展,生态学杂志,34(3):885-893)
Wang J.,Zhan Z.S.,Xie Y.H.,Qiu M.W.,and Ke Y.S.,2009,Effects of organic materials application on available nutrient contents in tobacco growing soils,Zhongguo Yancao Kexue(Chinese Tobacco Science),30(2):31-35(王军,詹振寿,谢玉华,邱妙文,柯油松,2009,有机物料对植烟土壤速效养分含量的影响,中国烟草科学,30(2):31-35)
Wang Y.,Zhao Q.,Zhou L.,Wang Y.,Li Z.Z.,Huang X.Y.,and Huang K.F.,2018,Effect of chemical fertilizers regulation on the growth of Fagopyrum esculentum with continuous cropping,Guangdong Nongye Kexue(Guangdong Agricultural Science),45(4):87-93(王雨,赵权,孔德章,周良,王炎,李振宙,黄小燕,黄凯丰,2018,化学肥料调控对连作甜荞生长的影响,广东农业科学,45(4):87-93)
Xu J.B.,2004,Distribution of soil organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium soils of Yangzhou,Turang(Soils),36(1):99-103(徐俊兵,2004,扬州市土壤有机质和速效磷钾的分布研究,土壤,36(1):99-103)
Zhao Q.,2017,Study on injury mechanism of continuous cropping on common buckwheat,Thesis for M.S.,Guizhou Normal University,Supervisor:Huang K.F.,pp.11-12(赵权,2017,连作对甜荞的伤害机理研究,硕士学位论文,贵州师范大学,导师:黄凯丰,pp.11-12)
Zhao T.,Gao X.L.,Gao Y.,Zhang D.Q.,Gao J.F.,Wang P.K.,and Yang P.,2015,Characteristics of buckwheat’s leaf senescence under rotation and continuous cropping,Xibei Nongye Xuebao(Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica),24(11):87-94(赵涛,高小丽,高扬,张东旗,高金锋,王鹏科,杨璞,2015,轮作及连作条件下荞麦功能叶片衰老特性的比较,西北农业学报,24(11):87-94)