减少灌水次数对强筋小麦氮素积累转运和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响
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摘要
为探究减少灌水次数对强筋小麦氮素积累、转运和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响,选用4个强筋小麦品种(津农7号、农优3号、师栾02-1和中麦998),在大田条件下设置3种灌水处理(CK:冬水+拔节水+开花水;W2:冬水+拔节水;W1:冬水),研究了减少灌水次数对强筋小麦植株各器官氮素的积累与转运、籽粒蛋白质及其组分的含量、蛋白质产量和籽粒产量的影响,并对协调强筋小麦籽粒蛋白质含量和产量的适宜灌水次数进行了探讨。结果表明,减少灌水次数后,强筋小麦营养器官氮素积累量明显降低,氮素转运量增加;籽粒蛋白质含量升高;蛋白质组分的变化表现为,清蛋白、球蛋白和谷蛋白含量升高,醇溶蛋白含量下降;籽粒产量显著下降,水分利用效率升高,但不同品种增幅不同。综上所述,减少灌水次数能促进强筋小麦营养器官的氮素向籽粒转运,使籽粒蛋白质含量升高,籽粒蛋白质品质得到改善。本试验条件下,W2处理(冬水+拔节水)可以有效协调强筋小麦产量和籽粒蛋白质含量的关系,同时提高水分利用效率。
In order to explore the effect of irrigation times on nitrogen(N) accumulation,transportation and grain protein content in strong gluten wheat,four strong gluten wheat varieties(Jinnong 7,Nongyou 3,Shiluan 02-1 and Zhongmai 998)were selected in this study,and three irrigation treatments(CK:Winter water + drawing water + flowering water,W2:Winter water+drawing water,W1:Winter water) were set up. The changes of N accumulation and transportation,contents of grain protein and its components,and protein yield and grain yield were analyzed.The appropriate irrigation times for coordinating quality and yield of strong gluten wheat was discussed.The results showed that N accumulation in vegetative organs of strong gluten wheat was decreased significantly and N transport rate was increased after reducing irrigation times(RIT). RIT led to the increase of protein content in strong gluten wheat grains,but the effects on protein components were different. The specific performance was to increase the content of albumin and glutenin,and reduce the content of gliadin. RIT significantly reduced grain yield of strong gluten wheat. RIT improved water use efficiency of strong gluten wheat and the effect varied among cultivars. To sum up,RIT properly promoted the transportation of N from vegetative organs to grain,increased grain protein content,and affected protein composition in strong gluten wheat. In this experiment,W2 treatment effectively coordinated the relationship between yield and protein content of strong gluten wheat,and improved water use efficiency.
In order to explore the effect of irrigation times on nitrogen(N) accumulation,transportation and grain protein content in strong gluten wheat,four strong gluten wheat varieties(Jinnong 7,Nongyou 3,Shiluan 02-1 and Zhongmai 998)were selected in this study,and three irrigation treatments(CK:Winter water + drawing water + flowering water,W2:Winter water+drawing water,W1:Winter water) were set up. The changes of N accumulation and transportation,contents of grain protein and its components,and protein yield and grain yield were analyzed.The appropriate irrigation times for coordinating quality and yield of strong gluten wheat was discussed.The results showed that N accumulation in vegetative organs of strong gluten wheat was decreased significantly and N transport rate was increased after reducing irrigation times(RIT). RIT led to the increase of protein content in strong gluten wheat grains,but the effects on protein components were different. The specific performance was to increase the content of albumin and glutenin,and reduce the content of gliadin. RIT significantly reduced grain yield of strong gluten wheat. RIT improved water use efficiency of strong gluten wheat and the effect varied among cultivars. To sum up,RIT properly promoted the transportation of N from vegetative organs to grain,increased grain protein content,and affected protein composition in strong gluten wheat. In this experiment,W2 treatment effectively coordinated the relationship between yield and protein content of strong gluten wheat,and improved water use efficiency.
引文
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[13] PLAUT Z,BUTOW B J,BLUMENTHAL C S,WRIGLEY C W.Transport of dry matter into developing wheat kernels and its contribution to grain yield under post-anthesis water deficit and elevated temperature [J].Field Crops Research,2004,86(2/3):185.
[14]范雪梅,姜东,戴廷波,等.不同水分条件下氮素供应对小麦植株氮代谢及籽粒蛋白质积累的影响 [J].生态学杂志,2006(2):149.FAN X M,JIANG D,DAI Y B,et al.Effects of Nitrogen supply on nitrogen metabolism and grain protein accumulation in wheat under different water conditions [J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2006(2):149.
[15]李建敏,王振林,高荣岐,等.强、弱筋小麦籽粒形成期蔗糖、淀粉合成相关酶活性及其与氮代谢的关系 [J].作物学报,2008,34(6):1019.LI J M,WANG Z L,GAO R Q,et al.Enzyme activities related to sucrose and starch synthesis and their relations to nitrogen metabolism in strong and weak gluten wheat at grain formation stage [J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2008,34(6):1019.
[16]姚凤娟,贺明荣,李飞,等.花后灌水次数对强筋小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响 [J].应用生态学报,2008,19(12):2627.YAO F J,HE M R,LI F,et al.Effect of irrigation number after flowering on grain yield and quality of strong gluten wheat [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2008,19(12):2627.
[17]戴忠民,李妍,张红,等.不同灌溉处理对小麦花后氮素积累和转运的影响 [J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(12):1712.DAI Z M,LI Y,ZHANG H,et al.Effects of different irrigation treatments on nitrogen accumulation and transport after flowering in wheat [J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2015,35(12):1712.
[18]朱文美,费立伟,代兴龙,等.雨养和灌水条件下种植密度对冬小麦产量、氮素利用率和水分利用效率的影响 [J].山东农业科学,2018,50(8):35.ZHU W M,FEI L W,DAI X L,et al.Effects of planting density on yield,nitrogen use efficiency and water use efficiency of winter wheat under rainfall and irrigation conditions [J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2018,50(8):35.
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