地铁运营反恐应急处置机制及反爆炸技术
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摘要
恐怖袭击是目前地铁遭遇的最主要现实威胁,为解决此问题,结合当前地铁运营企业与公安、交通、通信、急救、防空、抢险等部门的反恐协同机制存在短板的现状,基于维护地铁交通安全的重要性和紧迫性,从地铁反恐预警、情报信息、联勤联动等7个方面提出建立地铁反恐应急处置机制的思路。爆炸在极短的时间内放出大量热能,具有极大的破坏力和杀伤力。因爆炸是地铁遭受恐怖袭击的最主要类型,所以在提出建立地铁反恐应急处置机制思路的同时还着重强调反爆炸技术,以地铁恐爆事件中的爆炸袭击为切入点,结合在国内公共交通区域发现和查获的涉恐自制爆炸装置,重点对爆炸装置与自制爆炸物提出处置技术。建立科学的地铁反恐处置机制,对地铁的现实威胁以及反爆炸等关键技术开展研究,最大限度地消除暴力恐怖主义,对打造平安地铁具有十分重要的战略意义。
Terrorist attacks have posed serious threats to subw ay safety. The current anti-terrorism coordination mechanism among the metro operating enterprises and the public security,transportation,communication,first-aid treatment,air defense,emergency services as w ell as other departments needs to be strengthened. Therefore,an anti-terrorism emergency disposal mechanism is proposed in response to the urgent needs to improve subw ay security services. The disposal mechanism covers such areas as early w arning,information,joint patrol and joint action,etc. Bombing is one of the most dangerous types of subw ay terrorist attacks because it produces destructive and lethal effects on the environment and humans. The research on the antiexplosion technology should therefore be emphasized. The disposal technology of the explosive devices and the home-made explosives are discussed in the paper by analyzing the terrorist bombing attacks taking place in the subw ays and the home-made explosive devices found in the public transportation services in China. Establishing a scientific subw ay anti-terrorism disposal mechanism and finding key technologies to fight against the real threats facing subw ay systems,especially the threats from bombing attacks,are the keys to avoiding subw ay security risks.
Terrorist attacks have posed serious threats to subw ay safety. The current anti-terrorism coordination mechanism among the metro operating enterprises and the public security,transportation,communication,first-aid treatment,air defense,emergency services as w ell as other departments needs to be strengthened. Therefore,an anti-terrorism emergency disposal mechanism is proposed in response to the urgent needs to improve subw ay security services. The disposal mechanism covers such areas as early w arning,information,joint patrol and joint action,etc. Bombing is one of the most dangerous types of subw ay terrorist attacks because it produces destructive and lethal effects on the environment and humans. The research on the antiexplosion technology should therefore be emphasized. The disposal technology of the explosive devices and the home-made explosives are discussed in the paper by analyzing the terrorist bombing attacks taking place in the subw ays and the home-made explosive devices found in the public transportation services in China. Establishing a scientific subw ay anti-terrorism disposal mechanism and finding key technologies to fight against the real threats facing subw ay systems,especially the threats from bombing attacks,are the keys to avoiding subw ay security risks.
引文
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[14]陈文彪.城市地铁反恐应急处置对策研究[J].公安教育,2016(9):33-36.CHEN Wenbiao.Study on the emergency countermeasures of city subw ay anti-terrorism[J].Public security education,2016(9):33-36.
[2]周顺华,郭庆海.城市轨道交通的防(反)恐理念初探[J].城市轨道交通研究,2005,8(3):10-12.ZHOU Shunhua,GUO Qinghai.Concept of anti-terrorism in urban rail transit system[J].Urban mass transit,2005,8(3):10-12.
[3]闵剑.地铁反恐怖的对策研究[J].中国公共安全(学术版),2013(2):10-13.M IN Jian.Subw ay anti-terrorism countermeasures[J].Chinese public security(academic edition),2013(2):10-13.
[4]周孟祥,于丹.地铁防恐工作探讨[J].交通企业管理,2010,25(3):3-5.ZHOU M engxiang,YU Dan.Probe into the subw ay w ork against terrism[J].Transportation enterprise management,2010,25(3):3-5.
[5]耿民,王小平.恐怖袭击下地铁反(防)恐研究概况[J].城市轨道交通研究,2008,11(10):6-11.GENG Min,WANG Xiaoping.Transportation enterprise management[J].Urban mass transit,2008,11(10):6-11.
[6]王力.反恐视野下的地铁安全防范研究[J].铁道警察学院学报,2014,24(2):56-59.WANG Li.Research on subw ay security protection from the perspective of anti-terrorism[J].Journal of Railw ay Police College,2014,24(2):56-59.
[7]李钢.匈牙利国家反恐中心及其地铁反劫持战法[J].现代世界警察,2016(9):56-59.LI Gang.Hungarian National Counter Terrorism Centre and its anti hijacking tactics[J].M odern w orld police,2016(9):56-59.
[8]高雪静.信息化主导下社会安全事件系统防控研究:以新疆维吾尔自治区为例[J].北京警察学院学报,2013(1):36-39.GAO Xuejing.Research on the prevention and control of social security incidents under the guidance of information technology-taking the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region as an example[J].Journal of Beijing Police Academy,2013(1):36-39.
[9]赵跃堂,林家炜,石磊.地铁恐怖爆炸问题研究现状[C]//第2届全国工程安全与防护学术会议论文集,2010:210-213.ZHAO Yuetang,LIN Jiaw ei,SHI Lei.Research status of Terrorist explosion in subw ay[C].Engineering Institule of PLA UST,2010:210-213.
[10]王圆圆.缉捕持爆炸物犯罪嫌疑人行动的处置指挥[J].湖南公安高等专科学校学报,2009,21(5):127-129.WANG Yuanyuan.The commanding of arresting the holding-exploder suspects[J].Journal of Hunan Public Security College,2009,21(5):127-129.
[11]刘亚琴.浅谈爆炸案件的现场处置及勘查[N].人民公安报,2006-01-03.LIU Yaqin.The scene of the explosion case disposal and exploration[N].The people's police report,2006-01-03.
[12]陈立宏,张洪国,张彦春.常见遥控类爆炸装置关键组成部件及其爆炸碎片研究[J].中国刑警学院学报,2015(4):56-58.CHEN Lihong,ZHANG Hongguo,ZHANG Yanchun.Study on the components and debris composition of common remote-controlled explosion device key[J].Journal of the Chinese criminal police academy,2015(4):56-58.
[13]万红.实用爆炸装置图解与处置[M].北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,2006:175-179.WAN Hong.Diagrams and disposal of practical explosive devices[M].Beijing:Chinese People's Public Security University Press,2006:175-179.
[14]陈文彪.城市地铁反恐应急处置对策研究[J].公安教育,2016(9):33-36.CHEN Wenbiao.Study on the emergency countermeasures of city subw ay anti-terrorism[J].Public security education,2016(9):33-36.