多台转鼓式微滤机多模式控制系统设计与实验
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摘要
为了实现对循环水养殖系统中多台框架式转鼓式微滤机的控制,方便对系统进行管理和维护,节约生产成本,在分析框架式转鼓式微滤机工作原理和控制要求的基础上进行控制系统的硬件和软件设计,运用STEP 7 MicroWIN SP9 V4.0软件编写了10台转鼓式微滤机的3种运行模式控制程序,PLC在线监控和调试的结果表明:微滤机在手动模式、自动模式和定时模式下均可以正常工作;在水产养殖环境中,使用多模式软逻辑控制系统来控制多台转鼓式微滤机减速电动机和反冲洗泵的运行和停止,相比于易发生故障、检修不便的硬逻辑控制系统具有稳定性好、自动化程度高、成本低等优势,能够更好地应对系统出现故障的情况。研究结果可为转鼓式微滤机控制系统的完善和水产养殖系统装备自动化集成提供参考。
In order to realize the aim of controlling multiple microscreen drum filters with frame in recirculating aquaculture systems wastewater treatment processing,manage and maintain the system conveniently as well as save production costs,three kinds of operation modes control programs of ten microscreen drum filters were programmed with STEP 7 MicroWIN SP9 V4. 0 software. The results of PLC real-time monitoring and debugging showed that the operation modes of the control system could be switched freely,and the microscreen drum filters could work normally in manual mode,automatic mode and timing mode. More concretely,taking one of the filters as an example,for manual mode,the backwashing can be controlled and stopped at any time; for automatic mode,the start and stop of the reducer and the backwashing pump were controlled by two level switches,when they were triggered by the water in the drum,the backwashing was performed,when the water level was dropped below the low level switch,backwashing would stop,and if the switches had malfunctions,backwashing would not proceed; for timing mode,the backwashing time and frequency can be set according to the water quality.In aquaculture environment,the use of multi-mode soft logic control system to make multiple microscreen drum filters' reducers and backwashing pumps run and stop had the advantages of good stability,high degree of automation and low costs compared with the traditional hard logic control system which went wrong easily and was difficult to be overhauled,and the former can better cope with the problems of system failure. The research results can provide some references for the further improvements of control system of the microscreen drum filters and the automation integration of aquaculture equipments.
In order to realize the aim of controlling multiple microscreen drum filters with frame in recirculating aquaculture systems wastewater treatment processing,manage and maintain the system conveniently as well as save production costs,three kinds of operation modes control programs of ten microscreen drum filters were programmed with STEP 7 MicroWIN SP9 V4. 0 software. The results of PLC real-time monitoring and debugging showed that the operation modes of the control system could be switched freely,and the microscreen drum filters could work normally in manual mode,automatic mode and timing mode. More concretely,taking one of the filters as an example,for manual mode,the backwashing can be controlled and stopped at any time; for automatic mode,the start and stop of the reducer and the backwashing pump were controlled by two level switches,when they were triggered by the water in the drum,the backwashing was performed,when the water level was dropped below the low level switch,backwashing would stop,and if the switches had malfunctions,backwashing would not proceed; for timing mode,the backwashing time and frequency can be set according to the water quality.In aquaculture environment,the use of multi-mode soft logic control system to make multiple microscreen drum filters' reducers and backwashing pumps run and stop had the advantages of good stability,high degree of automation and low costs compared with the traditional hard logic control system which went wrong easily and was difficult to be overhauled,and the former can better cope with the problems of system failure. The research results can provide some references for the further improvements of control system of the microscreen drum filters and the automation integration of aquaculture equipments.
引文
1 VAN R J.Waste treatment in recirculating aquaculture systems[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2013,53:49-56.
2 FERNANDES P M,PEDERSEN L F,PEDERSEN P B.Daily micro particle distribution of an experimental recirculating aquaculture system—a case study[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2014,60:28-34.
3 于涛,钟非,贺锋,等.基于STELLA的循环水养殖系统池塘总氨氮动态模拟[J/OL].农业机械学报,2013,44(7):199-203 .http:∥www.j-csam.org/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20130735&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.07.035.YU Tao,ZHONG Fei,HE Feng,et al.Dynamic simulation of total ammonia in culture ponds of recirculating aquaculture system based on STELLA model[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(7):199-203.(in Chinese)
4 FERNANDES P,PEDERSEN L F,PEDERSEN P B.Microscreen effects on water quality in replicated recirculating aquaculture systems[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2015,65:17-26.
5 ALI S A.Design and evaluate a drum screen filter driven by undershot waterwheel for aquaculture recirculating systems[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2013,54:38-44.
6 DOLAN E,MURPHY N,O'HEHIR M.Factors influencing optimal micro-screen drum filter selection for recirculating aquaculture systems[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2013,56:42-50.
7 TIMMONS M B,EBELING J M.Recirculating aquaculture[M].3rd edition.Ithaca,NY:Ithaca Publishing Company,LLC,2013.
8 LEKANG O I.Aquaculture engineering[M].2nd ed.Hoboken,NJ:John Wiley&Sons,Ltd.,2013.
9 孟祥宝,黄家怿,谢秋波,等.基于自动巡航无人驾驶船的水产养殖在线监控技术[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(3):276 -281.http:∥www.j-csam.org/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20150340&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.03.040.MENG Xiangbao,HUANG Jiayi,XIE Qiubo,et al.Online monitoring equipment for aquaculture based on unmanned automatic cruise boat[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(3):276-281.(in Chinese)
10 胡金有,王靖杰,张小栓,等.水产养殖信息化关键技术研究现状与趋势[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(7):251-263.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20150737&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.07.037.HU Jinyou,WANG Jingjie,ZHANG Xiaoshuan,et al.Research status and development trends of information technologies in aquacultures[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(7):251-263.(in Chinese)
11 TERJESEN B F,SUMMERFELT S T,NERLAND S,et al.Design,dimensioning,and performance of a research facility for studies on the requirements of fish in RAS environments[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2013,54:49-63.
12 洪剑青,赵德安,孙月平,等.水产养殖自动导航无人明轮船航向的多模自适应控制[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(1):95-101.HONG Jianqing,ZHAO Dean,SUN Yueping,et al.Multi model adaptive control of paddlewheel vehicle's course in aquaculture[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(1):95-101.(in Chinese)
13 吴燕翔,胡咏梅,刘雨青.基于PLC循环水养殖温控系统的设计[J].科学技术与工程,2011,11(20):4734-4739.WU Yanxiang,HU Yongmei,LIU Yuqing.The design of recirculating aquaculture temperature control system based on PLC[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2011,11(20):4734-4739.(in Chinese)
14 张业韡,吴凡,陈翔,等.基于易控的工业化循环水养殖系统[J].渔业现代化,2017,44(1):21-25.ZHANG Yewei,WU Fan,CHEN Xiang,et al.Industrialized recirculating aquaculture system based on INSPEC[J].Fishery Modernization,2017,44(1):21-25.(in Chinese)
15 廖常初.S7-200 PLC编程及应用[M].2版.北京:机械工业出版社,2014.
16 SIEMENS.SIMATIC S7-200可编程序控制器系统手册[M].SIEMENS,2008.
17 史兵,赵德安,刘星桥,等.工业化水产养殖智能监控系统设计[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(9):191-196.SHI Bing,ZHAO Dean,LIU Xingqiao,et al.Design of intelligent monitoring system for aquaculture[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(9):191-196.(in Chinese)
18 颜波,石平.基于物联网的水产养殖智能化监控系统[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(1):259-265.http:∥www.jcsam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20140140&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.01.040.YAN Bo,SHI Ping.Intelligent monitoring system for aquaculture based on internet of things[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(1):259-265.(in Chinese)
19 袁凯,庄保陆,倪琦,等.室内工厂化水产养殖自动投饲系统设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(3):169-176.YUAN Kai,ZHUANG Baolu,Ni Qi,et al.Design and experiments of automatic feeding system for indoor industrialization aquaculture[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(3):169-176.(in Chinese)
20 马从国,赵德安,王建国,等.基于无线传感网络的水产养殖池塘溶解氧智能监控系统[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(7):193-200.MA Congguo,ZHAO Dean,WANG Jianguo,et al.Intelligent monitoring system for aquaculture dissolved oxygen in pond based on wireless sensor network[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(7):193-200.(in Chinese)
21 蒋建明,史国栋,赵德安,等.基于LEACH协议的水产养殖参数智能监控系统[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(11):286 -291.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20141144&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.11.044.JIANG Jianming,SHI Guodong,ZHAO Dean,et al.Intelligent monitoring system of aquaculture parameters based on LEACH protocol[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(11):286-291.(in Chinese)
22 蒋建明,史国栋,李正明,等.基于无线传感器网络的节能型水产养殖自动监控系统[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(13):166-174.JIANG Jianming,SHI Guodong,LI Zhengming,et al.Energy-efficient automatic monitoring system of aquaculture based on WSN[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(13):166-174.(in Chinese)
23 濮良贵,陈国定,吴立言.机械设计[M].9版.北京:高等教育出版社,2013.
2 FERNANDES P M,PEDERSEN L F,PEDERSEN P B.Daily micro particle distribution of an experimental recirculating aquaculture system—a case study[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2014,60:28-34.
3 于涛,钟非,贺锋,等.基于STELLA的循环水养殖系统池塘总氨氮动态模拟[J/OL].农业机械学报,2013,44(7):199-203 .http:∥www.j-csam.org/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20130735&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.07.035.YU Tao,ZHONG Fei,HE Feng,et al.Dynamic simulation of total ammonia in culture ponds of recirculating aquaculture system based on STELLA model[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(7):199-203.(in Chinese)
4 FERNANDES P,PEDERSEN L F,PEDERSEN P B.Microscreen effects on water quality in replicated recirculating aquaculture systems[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2015,65:17-26.
5 ALI S A.Design and evaluate a drum screen filter driven by undershot waterwheel for aquaculture recirculating systems[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2013,54:38-44.
6 DOLAN E,MURPHY N,O'HEHIR M.Factors influencing optimal micro-screen drum filter selection for recirculating aquaculture systems[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2013,56:42-50.
7 TIMMONS M B,EBELING J M.Recirculating aquaculture[M].3rd edition.Ithaca,NY:Ithaca Publishing Company,LLC,2013.
8 LEKANG O I.Aquaculture engineering[M].2nd ed.Hoboken,NJ:John Wiley&Sons,Ltd.,2013.
9 孟祥宝,黄家怿,谢秋波,等.基于自动巡航无人驾驶船的水产养殖在线监控技术[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(3):276 -281.http:∥www.j-csam.org/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20150340&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.03.040.MENG Xiangbao,HUANG Jiayi,XIE Qiubo,et al.Online monitoring equipment for aquaculture based on unmanned automatic cruise boat[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(3):276-281.(in Chinese)
10 胡金有,王靖杰,张小栓,等.水产养殖信息化关键技术研究现状与趋势[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(7):251-263.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20150737&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.07.037.HU Jinyou,WANG Jingjie,ZHANG Xiaoshuan,et al.Research status and development trends of information technologies in aquacultures[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(7):251-263.(in Chinese)
11 TERJESEN B F,SUMMERFELT S T,NERLAND S,et al.Design,dimensioning,and performance of a research facility for studies on the requirements of fish in RAS environments[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2013,54:49-63.
12 洪剑青,赵德安,孙月平,等.水产养殖自动导航无人明轮船航向的多模自适应控制[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(1):95-101.HONG Jianqing,ZHAO Dean,SUN Yueping,et al.Multi model adaptive control of paddlewheel vehicle's course in aquaculture[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(1):95-101.(in Chinese)
13 吴燕翔,胡咏梅,刘雨青.基于PLC循环水养殖温控系统的设计[J].科学技术与工程,2011,11(20):4734-4739.WU Yanxiang,HU Yongmei,LIU Yuqing.The design of recirculating aquaculture temperature control system based on PLC[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2011,11(20):4734-4739.(in Chinese)
14 张业韡,吴凡,陈翔,等.基于易控的工业化循环水养殖系统[J].渔业现代化,2017,44(1):21-25.ZHANG Yewei,WU Fan,CHEN Xiang,et al.Industrialized recirculating aquaculture system based on INSPEC[J].Fishery Modernization,2017,44(1):21-25.(in Chinese)
15 廖常初.S7-200 PLC编程及应用[M].2版.北京:机械工业出版社,2014.
16 SIEMENS.SIMATIC S7-200可编程序控制器系统手册[M].SIEMENS,2008.
17 史兵,赵德安,刘星桥,等.工业化水产养殖智能监控系统设计[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(9):191-196.SHI Bing,ZHAO Dean,LIU Xingqiao,et al.Design of intelligent monitoring system for aquaculture[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(9):191-196.(in Chinese)
18 颜波,石平.基于物联网的水产养殖智能化监控系统[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(1):259-265.http:∥www.jcsam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20140140&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.01.040.YAN Bo,SHI Ping.Intelligent monitoring system for aquaculture based on internet of things[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(1):259-265.(in Chinese)
19 袁凯,庄保陆,倪琦,等.室内工厂化水产养殖自动投饲系统设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(3):169-176.YUAN Kai,ZHUANG Baolu,Ni Qi,et al.Design and experiments of automatic feeding system for indoor industrialization aquaculture[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(3):169-176.(in Chinese)
20 马从国,赵德安,王建国,等.基于无线传感网络的水产养殖池塘溶解氧智能监控系统[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(7):193-200.MA Congguo,ZHAO Dean,WANG Jianguo,et al.Intelligent monitoring system for aquaculture dissolved oxygen in pond based on wireless sensor network[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(7):193-200.(in Chinese)
21 蒋建明,史国栋,赵德安,等.基于LEACH协议的水产养殖参数智能监控系统[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(11):286 -291.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20141144&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.11.044.JIANG Jianming,SHI Guodong,ZHAO Dean,et al.Intelligent monitoring system of aquaculture parameters based on LEACH protocol[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(11):286-291.(in Chinese)
22 蒋建明,史国栋,李正明,等.基于无线传感器网络的节能型水产养殖自动监控系统[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(13):166-174.JIANG Jianming,SHI Guodong,LI Zhengming,et al.Energy-efficient automatic monitoring system of aquaculture based on WSN[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(13):166-174.(in Chinese)
23 濮良贵,陈国定,吴立言.机械设计[M].9版.北京:高等教育出版社,2013.