配电网三相不平衡的定义及治理综述
|
摘要
随着人们对电能质量要求的提高,配电网的电压调节和电压不平衡问题受到了越来越多的关注。本文从精确计算和近似计算两方面回顾了配电网三相不平衡度的定义,总结了目前三相不平衡度定义方法存在的不足,讨论了目前三相不平衡的常见治理方法,包括改变负荷接入相序和附加无功补偿装置,分析了它们各自的原理、优势和不足,提出未来应当将二者结合来治理三相不平衡。
With the improvement of power quality requirements, voltage regulation and voltage imbalance in distribution networks are attracting more and more attention. This paper reviews the definition of three-phase imbalance in the distribution network from two aspects of accurate calculation and approximate calculation, summarizes the shortcomings of the current three-phase unbalance definition method, and discusses the common methods of three-phase unbalance at present, including the change of the load access phase sequence and the additional reactive compensation device, analyzes their respective principles, advantages and disadvantages. It is proposed that the two aspects should be combined to govern the three-phase imbalance in the future.
With the improvement of power quality requirements, voltage regulation and voltage imbalance in distribution networks are attracting more and more attention. This paper reviews the definition of three-phase imbalance in the distribution network from two aspects of accurate calculation and approximate calculation, summarizes the shortcomings of the current three-phase unbalance definition method, and discusses the common methods of three-phase unbalance at present, including the change of the load access phase sequence and the additional reactive compensation device, analyzes their respective principles, advantages and disadvantages. It is proposed that the two aspects should be combined to govern the three-phase imbalance in the future.
引文
[1]周海涛,李铎.浅谈配电网三相电压不平衡产生的原因与对策[J].中国科技博览,2011(24):80-81.ZHOU Hai-tao,LI Duo.Causes and Countermeasures of Unbalanced Three-phase Voltage In distribution Network[J].Science&Technology Information,2011(24):80-81.
[2]方恒福,盛万兴,王金丽,等.配电台区三相负荷不平衡实时在线治理方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,5(9):2185-2193.FANG Heng-fu,SHENG Wan-xing,WANG Jin-li,et al.Research on the Method for Real-time Online Control of Three-phase Unbalanced Load in Distribution Area[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,5(9):2185-2193.
[3]林海雪.电力系统的三相不平衡[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1998.LIN Hai-xue.Three-phase Unbalance of Power System[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,1998.
[4]徐立军,王维庆.用于改善暂态电能质量的用户电力技术的研究[J].自动化仪表,2013,34(9):43-47.XU Li-jun,WANG Wei-qing.Research on the Custom Power Technology for Improving the Transient Power Quality[J].Process Automation Instrumentation,2013,34(9):43-47.
[5]刘晓芳,张元星,赵海森,等.电网电压三相不平衡时CVUF相角因素对异步电机运行性能影响[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(9):47-53.LIU Xiao-fang,ZHANG Yuan-xing,ZHAO Hai-sen,et al.Influences of CVUF's phase-angle factor on operation performance of asynchronous motor under unbalanced three-phase grid voltage[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(9):47-53.
[6]全国电压电流等级和频率标准化技术委员会.电能质量三相电压不平衡:GB/T 15543-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.Standard Voltages,current ratings and frequencys.Power Quality Three-phase Voltage Imbalance:GB/T 15543-2008[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2008.
[7]CIGRE.A New Simple and Effective Approximate Formulation for the Determination of Three-Phase Unbalance by Voltmeter Method[C].Belgique,CIGRE,1986.
[8]GHIJSELEN J A L,BOSSCHE A P M V D.Exact voltage unbalance assessment without phase measurements[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2005,20(1):519-520.
[9]WAGNER C F,EVANS R D.Symmetrical Components:as Applied to the Analysis of Unbalanced Electrical Circuits[J].Nature,1933,132:876-876.
[10]BOLLEN M.Definition of voltage unbalance[J].IEEE Power Engineering Review,2002,22(11):49-50.
[11]PILLAY P,MANYAGE M.Definitions of Voltage Unbalance[J].Power Engineering Review IEEE,2001,21(5):49-51.
[12]周林,张有玉,等.三相不平衡度算法的比较研究[J].华东电力,2010,38(2):210-214.ZHOU Lin,ZHANG You-yu,et al.Comparative Study of Three-Phase Unbalance Algorithm[J].East China Electric Power,2010,38(2):210-214.
[13]王代第.配电网三相不平衡问题的分析与研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2007:55-57.WANG Dai-di.Analysis and Research of Three-phase Unbalance in Distribution Network[D].Shenyang:Shenyang University of Technology,2007:55-57.
[14]RODRIGUEZ A D,FUENTES F M,MATTA A J.Comparative analysis between voltage unbalance definitions[C]//Engineering Applications-International Congress on Engineering.IEEE,2015:1-7.
[15]CHEN T H,YANG C H,YANG N C.Examination of the definitions of voltage unbalance[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2013,49(1):380-385.
[16]SINGH A K,SINGH G K,MITRA R.Some Observations on Definitions of Voltage Unbalance[C]//Power Symposium,2007.Naps'07.North American.IEEE,2007:473-479.
[17]International Electrotechnical Committee.Electromagnetic compatibility(EMC)Part 4-27:Testing and measurement techniquesUnbalance,immunity test for equipment with input current not exceeding 16 A per phase:IEC 61000-4-27 ED.1.1[S/OL].[2009-04-07].https://infostore.saiglobal.com/en-au/Standards/IEC-61000-4-27-Ed-1-1-1118339.
[18]程晨.低压配电网三相不平衡治理的研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2017:3-4.CHENG Chen.Research on Three-Phase Unbalanced Control of Low Voltage Distribution Network[D].Chengdu:University of Electronic Science And Technology of China,2017:3-4.
[19]LI S W,LI Y L,SUN J L,et al.A novel control algorithm for inverter-based distributed generation in unbalanced three-phase power systems[C]//International Conference on Sustainable Power Generation and Supply,2009.Supergen.IEEE,2009:1-6.
[20]喻勇.三相不平衡综合治理措施及智能换相GUI系统研究[D].南昌:华东交通大学,2015:3-8.YU Yong.Comprehensive control measures for three-phase imbalance and intelligent commutation GUI system[D].Nanchang:East China Jiaotong University,2015:3-8.
[21]叶伟杰.江西电网配电变压器三相不平衡综合治理措施研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2013:19-20.YE Wei-jie.Study on Comprehensive Control Measures for Three Phase Imbalance of Distribution Transformers in Jiangxi Power Grid[D].Nanchang:Nanchang University,2013:19-20.
[22]黄胜利,李洪涛.基于固态智能换相开关的三相负荷不平衡解决方案研究[J].电器与能效管理技术,2016,33(5):13-18.HUANG Sheng-li,LI Hong-tao.Research on Three Phase Unbalanced Loads Based on Solid-State Intelligent Switching-Phase Switch[J].Low Voltage Apparatus,2016,33(5):13-18.
[23]郭雅娟,黄灿,朱海兵,等.配电自动化技术发展[J].新型工业化,2015,5(11):20-26.GUO Ya-juan,HUANG Can,ZHU Hai-bing,et al Development of Distribution Automation Technology[J].The Journal of New Industrialization,2015,5(11):20-26.
[24]陆惠斌,徐勇,伍宇翔,等.基于换相技术的三相不平衡治理装置研究[J].电力电容器与无功补偿,2016,37(6):64-69.LU Hui-bin,XU Yong,WU Yu-xiang,et al.Research on Three-phase Imbalance Control Device Based on Commutation Technology[J].Power Capacitor&Reactive Power Compensation,2016,37(6):64-69.
[25]郝思鹏,储婷.基于有功不平衡自动换相控制策略的三相不平衡治理方法和换相系统:201710017512.2[P].2017-05-17.HAO Si-peng,CHU Ting.Three-phase Imbalance Control Method and Commutation System Based on Active Power Imbalance Automatic Commutation Control Strategy:201710017512.2[P].2017-05-17.
[26]同向前,王海燕,尹军,等.基于负荷功率的三相不平衡度的计算[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2011,23(2):24-30.TONG Xiang-qian,WANG Hai-yan,YIN Jun,et al.Calculation Method of three-phase Unbalance Factor Based on Load Power[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2011,23(2):24-30.
[27]万玉良,项颂,刘海波,等.三相四线制低压配电网三相不平衡治理装置选型研究[J].电力电容器与无功补偿,2017,38(6):113-118.WAN Yu-liang,XIANG Song,LIU Hai-bo,et al.Three-phase Four-wire Low Voltage Distribution Network Three-phase Imbalance Control Device Selection Research[J].Power Capacitor&Reactive Power Compensation,2017,38(6):113-118.
[28]房雪涛.配电网三相不平衡负载的无功补偿技术研究[D].南京:东南大学,2015:2-21.FANG Xue-tao.Research on Reactive Power Compensation Applied to the Three-phase Unbalanced Loads in Distribution Network[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2015:2-21.
[29]张薇.静止无功发生器不平衡运行方式的研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2014:3-4.ZHANG Wei.Research on Unbalanced Operation Mode of SVG[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2014:3-4.
[30]夏雨.三相四线制并联型有源电力滤波器的研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2017:2-3.XIA Yu.Research on Shunt Active Power Filter in Three-phase Four-wire System[D].Nanning:Guangxi University,2017:2-3.
[31]巩华刚,臧朝伟,张贵生,等.基于APF的静止无功发生器应用研究[J].煤炭工程,2016,48(2):65-68.GONG Hua-gang,ZANG Chao-wei,ZHANG Gui-sheng,et al.Application of static var generator based on APF[J].Coal Engineering,2016,48(2):65-68.
[32]高范强,朱海滨,李子欣,等.三相角型APF补偿电流参考值计算方法[J].电网技术,2014,38(10):2919-2925.GAO Fan-qiang,ZHU Hai-bin,LI Zi-xin,et al.Extraction Method of Compensation Current Reference for Three-Phase Delta-Connected Active Power Filter[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(10):2919-2925.
[33]张明江,纪延超,顾强,等.三相不平衡与无功功率的综合补偿方法[J].电网技术,2008,32(1):20-23.ZHANG Ming-jiang,JI Yan-chao,GU Qiang,et al.Comprehensive Compensation Method for Three-phase Unbalanced and Reactive Power[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(1):20-23.
[34]李德祥,吕驰,陈薇冰,等.基于多因素分析的配网线损改进方法研究[J].新型工业化,2016,6(10):20-28.LI De-xiang,LU Chi,CHEN Wei-bing,et al.Study on Improved Loss Calculation Method for Distribution Network Based on Multiple Factor Analysis[J].The Journal of New Industrialization,2016,6(10):20-28.
[35]纪飞峰,周荔丹,姚钢,等.基于同步对称分量法的静止无功补偿装置[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(6):24-29.JI Fei-feng,ZHOU Li-dan,YAO Gang,et al.Static var compensator based on synchronous symmetrical component method[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(6):24-29.
[36]王江彬,田铭兴,陈敏,等.基于Steinmetz理论的三相四线制不平衡电流补偿[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2016,28(9):20-26.WANG Jiang-bin,TIAN Ming-xing,CHEN Min,et al.Three-phase Four-wire Unbalanced Current Compensation Based on Steinmetz Theory[J].Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Universities for Electric Power System and Automation,2016,28(9):20-26.
[37]单铁铭,杨仁刚.不平衡电流无功补偿方法研究[J].电力自动化设备,2004,24(12):26-28.SHAN Tie-ming,YANG Ren-gang.Reactive power compensation for unbalanced current[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2004,24(12):26-28.
[38]黄国栋,杨仁刚,冯小明,等.三相不平衡负载无功补偿方法的研究[J].电测与仪表,2011,48(4):23-26.HUANG Guo-dong,YANG Ren-gang,FENG Xiao-ming,et al.Research on Reactive Compensation Method for Unbalanced Load[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2011,48(4):23-26.
[39]孙建新.改进型配电台区无功综合补偿控制器[J].电力电容器与无功补偿,2017,38(2):28-33.SUN Jian-xin.An Improved Reactive Power Compensation Controller in The Improved Distribution Radio Area[J].Power Capacitor&Reactive Power Compensation,2017,38(2):28-33.
[2]方恒福,盛万兴,王金丽,等.配电台区三相负荷不平衡实时在线治理方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,5(9):2185-2193.FANG Heng-fu,SHENG Wan-xing,WANG Jin-li,et al.Research on the Method for Real-time Online Control of Three-phase Unbalanced Load in Distribution Area[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,5(9):2185-2193.
[3]林海雪.电力系统的三相不平衡[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1998.LIN Hai-xue.Three-phase Unbalance of Power System[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,1998.
[4]徐立军,王维庆.用于改善暂态电能质量的用户电力技术的研究[J].自动化仪表,2013,34(9):43-47.XU Li-jun,WANG Wei-qing.Research on the Custom Power Technology for Improving the Transient Power Quality[J].Process Automation Instrumentation,2013,34(9):43-47.
[5]刘晓芳,张元星,赵海森,等.电网电压三相不平衡时CVUF相角因素对异步电机运行性能影响[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(9):47-53.LIU Xiao-fang,ZHANG Yuan-xing,ZHAO Hai-sen,et al.Influences of CVUF's phase-angle factor on operation performance of asynchronous motor under unbalanced three-phase grid voltage[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(9):47-53.
[6]全国电压电流等级和频率标准化技术委员会.电能质量三相电压不平衡:GB/T 15543-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.Standard Voltages,current ratings and frequencys.Power Quality Three-phase Voltage Imbalance:GB/T 15543-2008[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2008.
[7]CIGRE.A New Simple and Effective Approximate Formulation for the Determination of Three-Phase Unbalance by Voltmeter Method[C].Belgique,CIGRE,1986.
[8]GHIJSELEN J A L,BOSSCHE A P M V D.Exact voltage unbalance assessment without phase measurements[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2005,20(1):519-520.
[9]WAGNER C F,EVANS R D.Symmetrical Components:as Applied to the Analysis of Unbalanced Electrical Circuits[J].Nature,1933,132:876-876.
[10]BOLLEN M.Definition of voltage unbalance[J].IEEE Power Engineering Review,2002,22(11):49-50.
[11]PILLAY P,MANYAGE M.Definitions of Voltage Unbalance[J].Power Engineering Review IEEE,2001,21(5):49-51.
[12]周林,张有玉,等.三相不平衡度算法的比较研究[J].华东电力,2010,38(2):210-214.ZHOU Lin,ZHANG You-yu,et al.Comparative Study of Three-Phase Unbalance Algorithm[J].East China Electric Power,2010,38(2):210-214.
[13]王代第.配电网三相不平衡问题的分析与研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2007:55-57.WANG Dai-di.Analysis and Research of Three-phase Unbalance in Distribution Network[D].Shenyang:Shenyang University of Technology,2007:55-57.
[14]RODRIGUEZ A D,FUENTES F M,MATTA A J.Comparative analysis between voltage unbalance definitions[C]//Engineering Applications-International Congress on Engineering.IEEE,2015:1-7.
[15]CHEN T H,YANG C H,YANG N C.Examination of the definitions of voltage unbalance[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2013,49(1):380-385.
[16]SINGH A K,SINGH G K,MITRA R.Some Observations on Definitions of Voltage Unbalance[C]//Power Symposium,2007.Naps'07.North American.IEEE,2007:473-479.
[17]International Electrotechnical Committee.Electromagnetic compatibility(EMC)Part 4-27:Testing and measurement techniquesUnbalance,immunity test for equipment with input current not exceeding 16 A per phase:IEC 61000-4-27 ED.1.1[S/OL].[2009-04-07].https://infostore.saiglobal.com/en-au/Standards/IEC-61000-4-27-Ed-1-1-1118339.
[18]程晨.低压配电网三相不平衡治理的研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2017:3-4.CHENG Chen.Research on Three-Phase Unbalanced Control of Low Voltage Distribution Network[D].Chengdu:University of Electronic Science And Technology of China,2017:3-4.
[19]LI S W,LI Y L,SUN J L,et al.A novel control algorithm for inverter-based distributed generation in unbalanced three-phase power systems[C]//International Conference on Sustainable Power Generation and Supply,2009.Supergen.IEEE,2009:1-6.
[20]喻勇.三相不平衡综合治理措施及智能换相GUI系统研究[D].南昌:华东交通大学,2015:3-8.YU Yong.Comprehensive control measures for three-phase imbalance and intelligent commutation GUI system[D].Nanchang:East China Jiaotong University,2015:3-8.
[21]叶伟杰.江西电网配电变压器三相不平衡综合治理措施研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2013:19-20.YE Wei-jie.Study on Comprehensive Control Measures for Three Phase Imbalance of Distribution Transformers in Jiangxi Power Grid[D].Nanchang:Nanchang University,2013:19-20.
[22]黄胜利,李洪涛.基于固态智能换相开关的三相负荷不平衡解决方案研究[J].电器与能效管理技术,2016,33(5):13-18.HUANG Sheng-li,LI Hong-tao.Research on Three Phase Unbalanced Loads Based on Solid-State Intelligent Switching-Phase Switch[J].Low Voltage Apparatus,2016,33(5):13-18.
[23]郭雅娟,黄灿,朱海兵,等.配电自动化技术发展[J].新型工业化,2015,5(11):20-26.GUO Ya-juan,HUANG Can,ZHU Hai-bing,et al Development of Distribution Automation Technology[J].The Journal of New Industrialization,2015,5(11):20-26.
[24]陆惠斌,徐勇,伍宇翔,等.基于换相技术的三相不平衡治理装置研究[J].电力电容器与无功补偿,2016,37(6):64-69.LU Hui-bin,XU Yong,WU Yu-xiang,et al.Research on Three-phase Imbalance Control Device Based on Commutation Technology[J].Power Capacitor&Reactive Power Compensation,2016,37(6):64-69.
[25]郝思鹏,储婷.基于有功不平衡自动换相控制策略的三相不平衡治理方法和换相系统:201710017512.2[P].2017-05-17.HAO Si-peng,CHU Ting.Three-phase Imbalance Control Method and Commutation System Based on Active Power Imbalance Automatic Commutation Control Strategy:201710017512.2[P].2017-05-17.
[26]同向前,王海燕,尹军,等.基于负荷功率的三相不平衡度的计算[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2011,23(2):24-30.TONG Xiang-qian,WANG Hai-yan,YIN Jun,et al.Calculation Method of three-phase Unbalance Factor Based on Load Power[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2011,23(2):24-30.
[27]万玉良,项颂,刘海波,等.三相四线制低压配电网三相不平衡治理装置选型研究[J].电力电容器与无功补偿,2017,38(6):113-118.WAN Yu-liang,XIANG Song,LIU Hai-bo,et al.Three-phase Four-wire Low Voltage Distribution Network Three-phase Imbalance Control Device Selection Research[J].Power Capacitor&Reactive Power Compensation,2017,38(6):113-118.
[28]房雪涛.配电网三相不平衡负载的无功补偿技术研究[D].南京:东南大学,2015:2-21.FANG Xue-tao.Research on Reactive Power Compensation Applied to the Three-phase Unbalanced Loads in Distribution Network[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2015:2-21.
[29]张薇.静止无功发生器不平衡运行方式的研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2014:3-4.ZHANG Wei.Research on Unbalanced Operation Mode of SVG[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2014:3-4.
[30]夏雨.三相四线制并联型有源电力滤波器的研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2017:2-3.XIA Yu.Research on Shunt Active Power Filter in Three-phase Four-wire System[D].Nanning:Guangxi University,2017:2-3.
[31]巩华刚,臧朝伟,张贵生,等.基于APF的静止无功发生器应用研究[J].煤炭工程,2016,48(2):65-68.GONG Hua-gang,ZANG Chao-wei,ZHANG Gui-sheng,et al.Application of static var generator based on APF[J].Coal Engineering,2016,48(2):65-68.
[32]高范强,朱海滨,李子欣,等.三相角型APF补偿电流参考值计算方法[J].电网技术,2014,38(10):2919-2925.GAO Fan-qiang,ZHU Hai-bin,LI Zi-xin,et al.Extraction Method of Compensation Current Reference for Three-Phase Delta-Connected Active Power Filter[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(10):2919-2925.
[33]张明江,纪延超,顾强,等.三相不平衡与无功功率的综合补偿方法[J].电网技术,2008,32(1):20-23.ZHANG Ming-jiang,JI Yan-chao,GU Qiang,et al.Comprehensive Compensation Method for Three-phase Unbalanced and Reactive Power[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(1):20-23.
[34]李德祥,吕驰,陈薇冰,等.基于多因素分析的配网线损改进方法研究[J].新型工业化,2016,6(10):20-28.LI De-xiang,LU Chi,CHEN Wei-bing,et al.Study on Improved Loss Calculation Method for Distribution Network Based on Multiple Factor Analysis[J].The Journal of New Industrialization,2016,6(10):20-28.
[35]纪飞峰,周荔丹,姚钢,等.基于同步对称分量法的静止无功补偿装置[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(6):24-29.JI Fei-feng,ZHOU Li-dan,YAO Gang,et al.Static var compensator based on synchronous symmetrical component method[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(6):24-29.
[36]王江彬,田铭兴,陈敏,等.基于Steinmetz理论的三相四线制不平衡电流补偿[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2016,28(9):20-26.WANG Jiang-bin,TIAN Ming-xing,CHEN Min,et al.Three-phase Four-wire Unbalanced Current Compensation Based on Steinmetz Theory[J].Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Universities for Electric Power System and Automation,2016,28(9):20-26.
[37]单铁铭,杨仁刚.不平衡电流无功补偿方法研究[J].电力自动化设备,2004,24(12):26-28.SHAN Tie-ming,YANG Ren-gang.Reactive power compensation for unbalanced current[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2004,24(12):26-28.
[38]黄国栋,杨仁刚,冯小明,等.三相不平衡负载无功补偿方法的研究[J].电测与仪表,2011,48(4):23-26.HUANG Guo-dong,YANG Ren-gang,FENG Xiao-ming,et al.Research on Reactive Compensation Method for Unbalanced Load[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2011,48(4):23-26.
[39]孙建新.改进型配电台区无功综合补偿控制器[J].电力电容器与无功补偿,2017,38(2):28-33.SUN Jian-xin.An Improved Reactive Power Compensation Controller in The Improved Distribution Radio Area[J].Power Capacitor&Reactive Power Compensation,2017,38(2):28-33.