线性规划在X波段双线偏振多普勒天气雷达差分传播相移质量控制中的应用
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摘要
对X波段双线偏振多普勒天气雷达而言,差分传播相移(?_(DP))数据质量是影响雷达应用的关键因素,需要开展其数据的质量控制。首先利用相关系数(ρ_(HV)),差分反射率(Z_(DR))纹理和差分传播相移纹理特征信息剔除非气象回波,然后采用一种新的方法——线性规划来开展差分传播相移的数据质量控制。比较分析了雷达原始差分传播相移数据经过3、5、7点不同平滑点数对线性规划结果的影响,分析数据表明不同平滑点数对线性规划结果几乎无影响。将线性规划方法应用到北京组网的X波段双线偏振多普勒天气雷达差分传播相移数据质量控制上,结果表明,差分传播相移经过线性规划后,可以有效提升其数据质量,表现在:(1)差分传播相移具有累积递增属性和差分传播相移率(K_(DP))的非负属性,与差分传播相移和差分传播相移率应该具备的物理属性一致;(2)可以有效剔除因冰雹等大粒子产生的后向差分传播相移(δ)对差分传播相移的影响,提升其计算差分传播相移率的准确度。
For X-band dual linear polarimetric Doppler weather radar, the quality of differential propagation phase shift(?_(DP)) is a key factor that affects radar application and thus data quality control is necessary. First of all, non-meteorological echoes need to be eliminated by using ρ_(HV), texture of Z_(DR) and ?_(DP); a new method, i.e., Linear Programming(LP), is then applied for quality control of ?_(DP) data. It is found that raw ?_(DP) datasets with 3, 5 and 7 smoothing points almost have no impact on LP results. Application of the LP method on data of X-band dual linear polarimetric Doppler weather networking radars in Beijing shows that the LP can effectively improve the data quality of ?_(DP). Major effects are as follows.(1) ?_(DP) is monotonically increasing and specific differential propagation phase shift(K_(DP)) is non-negative after LP, which are consistent with physical attributes of ?_(DP) and K_(DP);(2) the LP also can effectively eliminate the influence of the backward differential propagation phase shift(δ) caused by hail and other large particles, and thus improves the accuracy of K_(DP) calculated by ?_(DP).
For X-band dual linear polarimetric Doppler weather radar, the quality of differential propagation phase shift(?_(DP)) is a key factor that affects radar application and thus data quality control is necessary. First of all, non-meteorological echoes need to be eliminated by using ρ_(HV), texture of Z_(DR) and ?_(DP); a new method, i.e., Linear Programming(LP), is then applied for quality control of ?_(DP) data. It is found that raw ?_(DP) datasets with 3, 5 and 7 smoothing points almost have no impact on LP results. Application of the LP method on data of X-band dual linear polarimetric Doppler weather networking radars in Beijing shows that the LP can effectively improve the data quality of ?_(DP). Major effects are as follows.(1) ?_(DP) is monotonically increasing and specific differential propagation phase shift(K_(DP)) is non-negative after LP, which are consistent with physical attributes of ?_(DP) and K_(DP);(2) the LP also can effectively eliminate the influence of the backward differential propagation phase shift(δ) caused by hail and other large particles, and thus improves the accuracy of K_(DP) calculated by ?_(DP).
引文
毕永恒,刘锦丽,段树等.2012.X波段双线偏振气象雷达反射率的衰减订正.大气科学,36(3):495-506.Bi Y H,Liu J L,Duan S,et al.2012.Attenuation correction of reflectivity for X-band dual-polarization radar.Chinese J Atmos Sci,36(3):495-506 (in Chinese)
曹俊武,刘黎平,葛润生.2005.模糊逻辑法在双线偏振雷达识别降水粒子相态中的研究.大气科学,29(5):827-836.Cao J W,Liu L P,Ge R S.2005.A study of fuzzy logic method in classification of hydrometeors based on polarimetric radar measurement.Chinese J Atmos Sci,29(5):827-836 (in Chinese)
曹俊武,胡志群,陈晓辉等.2011.影响双线偏振雷达相位探测精度的分析.高原气象,30(3):817-822.Cao J W,Hu Z Q,Chen X H,et al.2011.Accuracy analysis of dual-linear polarization signal-process measurement.Plateau Meteor,30(3):817-822 (in Chinese)
陈羿辰,何晖.2017.基于偏振雷达的积层混合云降水增雨潜力识别方法研究.大气科学,41(3):578-592.Chen Y C,He H.2017.A study to determine enhancement potential for convective-stratiform mixed precipitation based on polarimetric radar.Chinese J Atmos Sci,41(3):578-592 (in Chinese)
丁青兰,刘黎平,葛润生等.2003.双线偏振多普勒雷达测量精度的理论分析.应用气象学报,14(1):30-38.Ding Q L,Liu L P,Ge R S,et al.2003.Theoretical analysis of measurement accurency of dual linear polarization Doppler radar.J Appl Meteor Sci,14(1):30-38 (in Chinese)
杜牧云,刘黎平,胡志群等.2012.双线偏振雷达差分传播相移的小波滤波初探.暴雨灾害,31(3):248-254.Du M Y,Liu L P,Hu Z Q,et al.2012.Preliminary study on wavelet filtering of differential propagation phase shift for dual linear polarization radar.Torrent Rain Dis,31(3):248-254 (in Chinese)
杜牧云,刘黎平,胡志群等.2013a.双线偏振多普勒雷达资料质量的定量评估.气象学报,71(4):754-768.Du M Y,Liu L P,Hu Z Q,et al.2013a.A quantitative evaluation of the data quality of dual linear polarimetric Doppler radar.Acta Meteor Sinica,71(4):754-768 (in Chinese)
杜牧云,刘黎平,胡志群等.2013b.双线偏振多普勒雷达资料质量分析.气象学报,71(1):146-158.Du M Y,Liu L P,Hu Z Q,et al.2013b.An analysis of dual-linear polarimetric Doppler radar data quality.Acta Meteor Sinica,71(1):146-158 (in Chinese)
郭凤霞,马学谦,王涛等.2014.基于X波段双线偏振天气雷达的雷暴云粒子识别.气象学报,72(6):1231-1244.Guo F X,Ma X Q,Wang T,et al.2014.An approach to the hydrometeors classification for thunderclouds based on the X-band dual-polarization Doppler weather radar.Acta Meteor Sinica,72(6):1231-1244 (in Chinese)
何宇翔,吕达仁,肖辉等.2009.X波段双线极化雷达反射率的衰减订正.大气科学,33(5):1027-1037.He Y X,Lü D R,Xiao H,et al.2009.Attenuation correction of reflectivity for X-band dual polarization radar.Chinese J Atmos Sci,33(5):1027-1037 (in Chinese)
刘宝君,宋志龙,毛建平.2008.车载X波段雷达业务运行初探.气象,34(S1):209-300.Liu B J,Song Z L,Mao J P.2008.A preliminary study on the operation of vehicle X-band radar.Meteor Mon,34(S1):209-300 (in Chinese)
刘黎平,张鸿发,王致君等.1993.利用双线偏振雷达识别冰雹区方法初探.高原气象,12(3):333-337.Liu L P,Zhang H F,Wang Z J,et al.1993.Preliminary research for method of Hail detection with C band dual linear polarization radar.Plateau Meteor,12(3):333-337 (in Chinese)
刘黎平,钱永甫,王致君.1996.用双线偏振雷达研究云内粒子相态及尺度的空间分布.气象学报,54(5):590-599.Liu L P,Qian Y F,Wang Z J.1996.The study of spacial distribution of phase and size of hydrometeors in cloud by dual linear polarization radar.Acta Meteor Sinica,54(5):590-599 (in Chinese)
刘黎平,王致君,徐宝祥等.1997.我国双线偏振雷达探测理论及应用研究.高原气象,16(1):99-104.Liu L P,Wang Z J,Xu B X,et al.1997.Study on theory and application of dual-polarization radar in China.Plateau Meteor,16(1):99-104 (in Chinese)
马建立,何晖,金永利等.2008.用X波段双偏振雷达资料对一次人工消减雨效果的分析.气象,34(S1):150-152,322.Ma J L,He H,Jin Y L,et al.2008.Analysis of rain mitigation operation effect using X-band dual polarization radar data.Meteor Mon,34(S1):150-152,322 (in Chinese)
王洪,万齐林,尹金方等.2016.双线偏振雷达资料在数值模式中的应用:模拟器的构建.气象学报,74(2):229-243.Wang H,Wan Q L,Yin J F,et al.2016.Application of the dual-polarization radar data in numerical modeling studies:Construction of the simulator.Acta Meteor Sinica,74(2):229-243 (in Chinese)
王洪,吴乃庚,万齐林等.2018.一次华南超级单体风暴的S波段偏振雷达观测分析.气象学报,76(1):92-103.Wang H,Wu N G,Wan Q L,et al.2018.Analysis of S-band polarimetric radar observations of a hail-producing supercell.Acta Meteor Sinica,76(1):92-103 (in Chinese)
王致君,楚荣忠.2002.偏振雷达在人工影响天气工作中的应用潜力.高原气象,21(6):591-598.Wang Z J,Chu R Z.2002.Application potential of polarization radar in weather modification.Plateau Meteor,21(6):591-598 (in Chinese)
吴志根,杨礼敏,王勤典等,2010.移动X波段双线偏振多普勒气象雷达及其关键技术分析.气象,36(8):126-133.Wu Z G,Yang L M,Wang Q D,et al.X-Band mobile dual-polarized Doppler weather radar and analysis of several key techniques adopted.Meteor Mon,36(8):126-133 (in Chinese)
肖艳姣,王斌,陈晓辉等.2012.移动X波段双线偏振多普勒天气雷达差分相位数据质量控制.高原气象,31(1):223-230.Xiao Y J,Wang B,Chen X H,et al.2012.Differential phase data quality control of mobile X-Band dual-polarimetric Doppler weather radar.Plateau Meteor,31(1):223-230 (in Chinese)
Bringi V N,Chandrasekar V.2001.Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radar:Principles and Applications.Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press
Giangrande S E,McGraw R,Lei L.2013.An application of linear programming to polarimetric radar differential phase processing.J Atmos Oceanic Technol,30(8):1716-1729
Hubbert J,Chandrasekar V,Bringi V N,et al.1993.Processing and interpretation of coherent dual-polarized radar measurements.J Atmos Oceanic Technol,10(2):155-164
Hubbert J,Bringi V N.1995.An iterative filtering technique for the analysis of copolar differential phase and dual-frequency radar measurements.J Atoms Oceanic Technol,12(3):643-648
Madden H H.1978.Comments on the Savitzky-Golay convolution method for least-squares-fit smoothing and differentiation of digital data.Anal Chem,50(9):1383-1386
Park S G,Bringi V N,Chandrasekar V,et al.2005a.Correction of radar reflectivity and differential reflectivity for rain attenuation at X band.Part I:Theoretical and empirical basis.J Atmos Oceanic Technol,22(11):1621-1632
Park S G,Maki M,Iwanami K,et al.2005b.Correction of radar reflectivity and differential reflectivity for rain attenuation at X band.Part II:Evaluation and application.J Atmos Oceanic Technol,22(11):1633-1655
Ryzhkov A,Zrni.Assessment of rainfall measurement that uses specific differential phase.J Appl Meteor,35(11):2080-2090
Wang Y T,Chandrasekar V.2009.Algorithm for estimation of the specific differential phase.J Atmos Oceanic Technol,26(12):2565-2578
曹俊武,刘黎平,葛润生.2005.模糊逻辑法在双线偏振雷达识别降水粒子相态中的研究.大气科学,29(5):827-836.Cao J W,Liu L P,Ge R S.2005.A study of fuzzy logic method in classification of hydrometeors based on polarimetric radar measurement.Chinese J Atmos Sci,29(5):827-836 (in Chinese)
曹俊武,胡志群,陈晓辉等.2011.影响双线偏振雷达相位探测精度的分析.高原气象,30(3):817-822.Cao J W,Hu Z Q,Chen X H,et al.2011.Accuracy analysis of dual-linear polarization signal-process measurement.Plateau Meteor,30(3):817-822 (in Chinese)
陈羿辰,何晖.2017.基于偏振雷达的积层混合云降水增雨潜力识别方法研究.大气科学,41(3):578-592.Chen Y C,He H.2017.A study to determine enhancement potential for convective-stratiform mixed precipitation based on polarimetric radar.Chinese J Atmos Sci,41(3):578-592 (in Chinese)
丁青兰,刘黎平,葛润生等.2003.双线偏振多普勒雷达测量精度的理论分析.应用气象学报,14(1):30-38.Ding Q L,Liu L P,Ge R S,et al.2003.Theoretical analysis of measurement accurency of dual linear polarization Doppler radar.J Appl Meteor Sci,14(1):30-38 (in Chinese)
杜牧云,刘黎平,胡志群等.2012.双线偏振雷达差分传播相移的小波滤波初探.暴雨灾害,31(3):248-254.Du M Y,Liu L P,Hu Z Q,et al.2012.Preliminary study on wavelet filtering of differential propagation phase shift for dual linear polarization radar.Torrent Rain Dis,31(3):248-254 (in Chinese)
杜牧云,刘黎平,胡志群等.2013a.双线偏振多普勒雷达资料质量的定量评估.气象学报,71(4):754-768.Du M Y,Liu L P,Hu Z Q,et al.2013a.A quantitative evaluation of the data quality of dual linear polarimetric Doppler radar.Acta Meteor Sinica,71(4):754-768 (in Chinese)
杜牧云,刘黎平,胡志群等.2013b.双线偏振多普勒雷达资料质量分析.气象学报,71(1):146-158.Du M Y,Liu L P,Hu Z Q,et al.2013b.An analysis of dual-linear polarimetric Doppler radar data quality.Acta Meteor Sinica,71(1):146-158 (in Chinese)
郭凤霞,马学谦,王涛等.2014.基于X波段双线偏振天气雷达的雷暴云粒子识别.气象学报,72(6):1231-1244.Guo F X,Ma X Q,Wang T,et al.2014.An approach to the hydrometeors classification for thunderclouds based on the X-band dual-polarization Doppler weather radar.Acta Meteor Sinica,72(6):1231-1244 (in Chinese)
何宇翔,吕达仁,肖辉等.2009.X波段双线极化雷达反射率的衰减订正.大气科学,33(5):1027-1037.He Y X,Lü D R,Xiao H,et al.2009.Attenuation correction of reflectivity for X-band dual polarization radar.Chinese J Atmos Sci,33(5):1027-1037 (in Chinese)
刘宝君,宋志龙,毛建平.2008.车载X波段雷达业务运行初探.气象,34(S1):209-300.Liu B J,Song Z L,Mao J P.2008.A preliminary study on the operation of vehicle X-band radar.Meteor Mon,34(S1):209-300 (in Chinese)
刘黎平,张鸿发,王致君等.1993.利用双线偏振雷达识别冰雹区方法初探.高原气象,12(3):333-337.Liu L P,Zhang H F,Wang Z J,et al.1993.Preliminary research for method of Hail detection with C band dual linear polarization radar.Plateau Meteor,12(3):333-337 (in Chinese)
刘黎平,钱永甫,王致君.1996.用双线偏振雷达研究云内粒子相态及尺度的空间分布.气象学报,54(5):590-599.Liu L P,Qian Y F,Wang Z J.1996.The study of spacial distribution of phase and size of hydrometeors in cloud by dual linear polarization radar.Acta Meteor Sinica,54(5):590-599 (in Chinese)
刘黎平,王致君,徐宝祥等.1997.我国双线偏振雷达探测理论及应用研究.高原气象,16(1):99-104.Liu L P,Wang Z J,Xu B X,et al.1997.Study on theory and application of dual-polarization radar in China.Plateau Meteor,16(1):99-104 (in Chinese)
马建立,何晖,金永利等.2008.用X波段双偏振雷达资料对一次人工消减雨效果的分析.气象,34(S1):150-152,322.Ma J L,He H,Jin Y L,et al.2008.Analysis of rain mitigation operation effect using X-band dual polarization radar data.Meteor Mon,34(S1):150-152,322 (in Chinese)
王洪,万齐林,尹金方等.2016.双线偏振雷达资料在数值模式中的应用:模拟器的构建.气象学报,74(2):229-243.Wang H,Wan Q L,Yin J F,et al.2016.Application of the dual-polarization radar data in numerical modeling studies:Construction of the simulator.Acta Meteor Sinica,74(2):229-243 (in Chinese)
王洪,吴乃庚,万齐林等.2018.一次华南超级单体风暴的S波段偏振雷达观测分析.气象学报,76(1):92-103.Wang H,Wu N G,Wan Q L,et al.2018.Analysis of S-band polarimetric radar observations of a hail-producing supercell.Acta Meteor Sinica,76(1):92-103 (in Chinese)
王致君,楚荣忠.2002.偏振雷达在人工影响天气工作中的应用潜力.高原气象,21(6):591-598.Wang Z J,Chu R Z.2002.Application potential of polarization radar in weather modification.Plateau Meteor,21(6):591-598 (in Chinese)
吴志根,杨礼敏,王勤典等,2010.移动X波段双线偏振多普勒气象雷达及其关键技术分析.气象,36(8):126-133.Wu Z G,Yang L M,Wang Q D,et al.X-Band mobile dual-polarized Doppler weather radar and analysis of several key techniques adopted.Meteor Mon,36(8):126-133 (in Chinese)
肖艳姣,王斌,陈晓辉等.2012.移动X波段双线偏振多普勒天气雷达差分相位数据质量控制.高原气象,31(1):223-230.Xiao Y J,Wang B,Chen X H,et al.2012.Differential phase data quality control of mobile X-Band dual-polarimetric Doppler weather radar.Plateau Meteor,31(1):223-230 (in Chinese)
Bringi V N,Chandrasekar V.2001.Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radar:Principles and Applications.Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press
Giangrande S E,McGraw R,Lei L.2013.An application of linear programming to polarimetric radar differential phase processing.J Atmos Oceanic Technol,30(8):1716-1729
Hubbert J,Chandrasekar V,Bringi V N,et al.1993.Processing and interpretation of coherent dual-polarized radar measurements.J Atmos Oceanic Technol,10(2):155-164
Hubbert J,Bringi V N.1995.An iterative filtering technique for the analysis of copolar differential phase and dual-frequency radar measurements.J Atoms Oceanic Technol,12(3):643-648
Madden H H.1978.Comments on the Savitzky-Golay convolution method for least-squares-fit smoothing and differentiation of digital data.Anal Chem,50(9):1383-1386
Park S G,Bringi V N,Chandrasekar V,et al.2005a.Correction of radar reflectivity and differential reflectivity for rain attenuation at X band.Part I:Theoretical and empirical basis.J Atmos Oceanic Technol,22(11):1621-1632
Park S G,Maki M,Iwanami K,et al.2005b.Correction of radar reflectivity and differential reflectivity for rain attenuation at X band.Part II:Evaluation and application.J Atmos Oceanic Technol,22(11):1633-1655
Ryzhkov A,Zrni.Assessment of rainfall measurement that uses specific differential phase.J Appl Meteor,35(11):2080-2090
Wang Y T,Chandrasekar V.2009.Algorithm for estimation of the specific differential phase.J Atmos Oceanic Technol,26(12):2565-2578