贵州省零售药店执业药师药学服务胜任力的调查研究
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摘要
目的:为加强零售药店药师队伍建设、保障公众安全合理用药提供参考。方法:采用简单随机抽样方法确定贵州省18个市(县)为调查地点,对调查区域内的所有零售药店进行逐个走访;根据中国药师协会发布的《药师药学服务胜任力评价标准(试行)》对贵州省零售药店的执业药师开展问卷调查和面对面访谈,并对影响受访药师药学服务胜任力的因素进行多元线性回归分析。结果:共走访了贵州省共943家零售药店,调查执业药师270人,受访药师药学服务的胜任力自我评价总分为(79.62±11.23)分,本科及以上学历的占11.5%,药学相关专业的占53.0%。药学服务胜任力自我评价得分中,外语知识、统计学知识和计算机知识等基本知识得分最低,临床思维能力和药物治疗评价能力得分次之。多元线性回归结果显示,年龄对基本技能和专业知识得分的影响有统计学意义,学历对个人素养、基本知识、基本技能、专业知识和专业技能得分的影响有统计学意义,专业技术职务对总分、个人素养、基本技能和专业技能得分的影响有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:贵州省零售药店执业药师整体学历层次偏低,专业水平有限。建议加强对执业药师的监管,提高执业药师准入条件;强化执业药师药学服务专业能力的教育培训,明确零售药店执业药师功能定位,切实保障公众安全合理用药。
OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for strengthening the construction of retail pharmacy pharmacists and ensure safe and rational use of drugs. METHODS:A simple random sampling method was used to determine 18 cities(counties)in Guizhou province as survey sites to visits all retail drugstores one by one. According to the Pharmacist Pharmaceutical Care Competency Evaluation Standard(Trail)issued by the Chinese Pharmacists Association,questionnaire survey and face-to-face interviews were conducted with licensed pharmacists in Guizhou province's retail pharmacies,and multiple linear regressions were conducted on the factors affecting the pharmacy's pharmaceutical care competency. RESULTS:A total of 943 retail pharmacies in Guizhou province were visited,and 270 licensed pharmacists were investigated. The total self-assessment score of pharmaceutical care competence was(79.62 ± 11.23),with 11.5% of undergraduate education and above,and 53.0% of pharmacy related majors.Among self-assessment score of pharmaceutical care competency, score of basic knowledge item such as foreign language knowledge,statistical knowledge and computer knowledge was the lowest,followed by clinical thinking ability and drug treatment evaluation ability. The results of multiple linear regression showed that age had significant influence on the scores of basic skills and professional knowledge. The influence of academic qualifications on personal accomplishment,basic knowledge,basic skills,professional knowledge and professional skills score was statistically significant; the influence of professional and technical positions on total score,personal accomplishment,basic skills and professional skills score was statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:The overall educational level of licensed pharmacists in Guizhou retail pharmacies is low and their professional level is limited. It is suggested that the supervision of licensed pharmacists should be strengthened and the access conditions of licensed pharmacists should be improved; the education and training of professional competency of licensed pharmacists in pharmaceutical care should be strengthened,the functional orientation of licensed pharmacists in retail pharmacies should be clarified,and public safety and rational drug use should be effectively guaranteed.
OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for strengthening the construction of retail pharmacy pharmacists and ensure safe and rational use of drugs. METHODS:A simple random sampling method was used to determine 18 cities(counties)in Guizhou province as survey sites to visits all retail drugstores one by one. According to the Pharmacist Pharmaceutical Care Competency Evaluation Standard(Trail)issued by the Chinese Pharmacists Association,questionnaire survey and face-to-face interviews were conducted with licensed pharmacists in Guizhou province's retail pharmacies,and multiple linear regressions were conducted on the factors affecting the pharmacy's pharmaceutical care competency. RESULTS:A total of 943 retail pharmacies in Guizhou province were visited,and 270 licensed pharmacists were investigated. The total self-assessment score of pharmaceutical care competence was(79.62 ± 11.23),with 11.5% of undergraduate education and above,and 53.0% of pharmacy related majors.Among self-assessment score of pharmaceutical care competency, score of basic knowledge item such as foreign language knowledge,statistical knowledge and computer knowledge was the lowest,followed by clinical thinking ability and drug treatment evaluation ability. The results of multiple linear regression showed that age had significant influence on the scores of basic skills and professional knowledge. The influence of academic qualifications on personal accomplishment,basic knowledge,basic skills,professional knowledge and professional skills score was statistically significant; the influence of professional and technical positions on total score,personal accomplishment,basic skills and professional skills score was statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:The overall educational level of licensed pharmacists in Guizhou retail pharmacies is low and their professional level is limited. It is suggested that the supervision of licensed pharmacists should be strengthened and the access conditions of licensed pharmacists should be improved; the education and training of professional competency of licensed pharmacists in pharmaceutical care should be strengthened,the functional orientation of licensed pharmacists in retail pharmacies should be clarified,and public safety and rational drug use should be effectively guaranteed.
引文
[1]国家食品药品监督管理总局执业药师资格认证中心.2018年6月全国执业药师注册情况[EB/OL].(2018-07-09)[2019-03-10].http://www.cqlp.org/.
[2]国家食品药品监督管理总局执业药师注册平台.执业药师注册信息查询[EB/OL].(2018-06-26)[2019-03-10].http://zyys.sfda.gov.cn/.
[3]中央政府网.国务院关于印发“十三五”国家食品安全规划和“十三五”国家药品安全规划的通知[EB/OL].(2017-02-21)[2019-03-10].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2017-02/21/content_5169755.html.
[4]中国药师协会网.中国药师协会关于印发《药师药学服务胜任力评价标准(试行)》的通告[EB/OL].(2017-06-20)[2019-03-10].http://www.clponline.cn/info_show.asp?infoid=517.
[5]何丹,吕雄文,解雪峰.合肥市零售药店药学服务开展现状调查[J].中国药房,2017,28(36):5053-5055.
[6]吴锦.我国零售药店分级管理实施状况、困境及对策研究[J].中国药房,2017,28(1):141-144.
[7]陈相龙,张国强,黎幼龙,等.我国执业药师资格制度存在的问题及对策[J].医学与社会,2017,30(1):15-18.
[8]陈娅,王沁,胡小松,等.贵州省县级公立医院医务人员工作满意度状况调查[J].医学与社会,2017,30(12):69-72.
[9]何欢欢,林淑芳,刘佐仁.零售连锁药店承接社区卫生服务中心药房职能影响因素研究:基于零售连锁药店药师视角[J].中国药房,2018,29(9):1166-1170.
[10]夏云,孙佳,罗力,等.临床医师胜任力评价体系的实证研究[J].中国卫生资源,2018,21(2):161-166.
[11]AWAISU A,BAKDACH D,ELAJEZ RH,et al.Hospital pharmacists’self-evaluation of their competence and confidence in conducting pharmacy practice research[J].Saudi Pharm J,2015,23(3):257-265.
[12]中国药师协会网.关于印发执业药师继续教育“十三五”发展规划的通知[EB/OL].(2015-07-30)[2019-03-10].https://jy.clponline.cn/cms/zyysgl/10/140963.htm.
[13]康震.执业药师在疾病管理中的作用[J].中国执业药师,2015,12(1):39-42.
[14]国家食品药品监督管理局.执业药师业务规范[EB/OL].(2017-03-02)[2019-03-10].http://www.cqlp.org/info/link.aspx?id=3214&page=1#.
[15]中国药师协会.执业药师继续教育管理试行办法[S].2015-07-30.
[16]SASEEN JJ,RIPLEY TL,BONDI D,et al.ACCP clinical pharmacist competencies[J].Pharmacotherapy,2017,37(5):630-636.
[2]国家食品药品监督管理总局执业药师注册平台.执业药师注册信息查询[EB/OL].(2018-06-26)[2019-03-10].http://zyys.sfda.gov.cn/.
[3]中央政府网.国务院关于印发“十三五”国家食品安全规划和“十三五”国家药品安全规划的通知[EB/OL].(2017-02-21)[2019-03-10].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2017-02/21/content_5169755.html.
[4]中国药师协会网.中国药师协会关于印发《药师药学服务胜任力评价标准(试行)》的通告[EB/OL].(2017-06-20)[2019-03-10].http://www.clponline.cn/info_show.asp?infoid=517.
[5]何丹,吕雄文,解雪峰.合肥市零售药店药学服务开展现状调查[J].中国药房,2017,28(36):5053-5055.
[6]吴锦.我国零售药店分级管理实施状况、困境及对策研究[J].中国药房,2017,28(1):141-144.
[7]陈相龙,张国强,黎幼龙,等.我国执业药师资格制度存在的问题及对策[J].医学与社会,2017,30(1):15-18.
[8]陈娅,王沁,胡小松,等.贵州省县级公立医院医务人员工作满意度状况调查[J].医学与社会,2017,30(12):69-72.
[9]何欢欢,林淑芳,刘佐仁.零售连锁药店承接社区卫生服务中心药房职能影响因素研究:基于零售连锁药店药师视角[J].中国药房,2018,29(9):1166-1170.
[10]夏云,孙佳,罗力,等.临床医师胜任力评价体系的实证研究[J].中国卫生资源,2018,21(2):161-166.
[11]AWAISU A,BAKDACH D,ELAJEZ RH,et al.Hospital pharmacists’self-evaluation of their competence and confidence in conducting pharmacy practice research[J].Saudi Pharm J,2015,23(3):257-265.
[12]中国药师协会网.关于印发执业药师继续教育“十三五”发展规划的通知[EB/OL].(2015-07-30)[2019-03-10].https://jy.clponline.cn/cms/zyysgl/10/140963.htm.
[13]康震.执业药师在疾病管理中的作用[J].中国执业药师,2015,12(1):39-42.
[14]国家食品药品监督管理局.执业药师业务规范[EB/OL].(2017-03-02)[2019-03-10].http://www.cqlp.org/info/link.aspx?id=3214&page=1#.
[15]中国药师协会.执业药师继续教育管理试行办法[S].2015-07-30.
[16]SASEEN JJ,RIPLEY TL,BONDI D,et al.ACCP clinical pharmacist competencies[J].Pharmacotherapy,2017,37(5):630-636.