摘要
目的:研究二十四式杨氏太极拳和广场舞锻炼对老年人工作记忆能力的影响。方法:招募16名健康女性老年人为太极拳试验组,19名健康女性老年人为广场舞试验组,17名健康女性老年人为对照组。太极拳和广场舞干预周期为6个月,每次75 min,每周不少于5次,对照组进行日常活动。在试验开始前后,测试所有被试数字N-back任务并同时记录脑电ERPs,对比不同被试在工作记忆任务中的事件相关电位与记忆能力的差异。结果:6个月的干预后,太极拳组2-back任务正确率、反应时显著提高,广场舞组1-back任务反应时与2-back任务正确率、反应时显著提高,对照组的N-back任务正确率、反应时差异不显著,太极拳组1-back任务正确率高于对照组,广场舞组1-back任务反应时短于对照组与太极拳组,太极拳组与广场舞组2-back任务正确率高于对照组,广场舞组2-back任务反应时短于对照组;6个月的干预前后比较,对照组2-back任务中的Cz、Pz电极P3波幅增加;太极拳组1-back任务中Fz、Cz电极N2波幅增加,1-back任务中Cz电极P3潜伏期减少,2-back任务中,Cz电极N2波幅增加,Pz电极的P3波幅增加;广场舞组1-back任务中,Fz电极的P3波幅增加,Cz电极的P3波幅增加,N2波幅减小,Pz电极P3波幅增加,2-back任务中Fz、Cz电极N2波幅减小,Cz、Pz电极P3波幅增加。结论:太极拳与广场舞锻炼可以改善老年女性的工作记忆能力。在工作记忆的早期匹配、判断过程中,加速刺激的处理,并可在中期分配更多的注意资源,对大脑功能有可塑性的影响。
Objective:To examine the effect of Yang-style 24-form Tai Chi and square dance exercise on the working memory ability of the elderly. Methods:16 healthy female elderly were recruited into the Tai Chi experimental group,19 healthy female elderly were the square dance experimental group,and 17 healthy female elderly were the control group. The Tai Chi and square dance intervention period is 6 months,75 minutes each time,not less than 5 times a week,and the control group conducts daily activities. All subjects were tested for digital N-back tasks before and after the experiment and ERPs were recorded simultaneously,and compared and analyzed the difference of event-related potentials and memory ability in the working memory task. Results:Behavioral data showed that after 6 months of intervention,the correct rate and response time of the 2-back task in the Tai Chi group were significantly improved,the response time of the 1-back task and the accuracy and reaction time of 2-back task of the square dance group were improved. The N-back task accuracy rate and reaction time difference of the control group were not significant. The control group had no difference in N-back task accuracy and response time. The 1-back task response of the square dance group was shorter than that of the control group and the Tai Chi group. The correct rate of the 2-back task of the Tai Chi group and the square dance group was higher than that of the control group. The square dance group 2-back task response time was shorter than the control group. ERP results before and after 6 months of intervention:the P3 amplitude of Cz and Pz electrodes in the 2-back task of the control group increased. The N2 amplitude of Fz and Cz electrodes increased of Tai Chi group,the P3 latency of Cz electrode decreased in 1-back task. In the 2-back task,the N2 amplitude of the Cz electrode increases,the P3 amplitude increases. The P3 amplitude of the Fz electrode in the 1-back task of the square dance group increased,the P3 amplitude of the Cz electrode increased,the N2 amplitude decreased,and the P3 amplitude of the Pz electrode increased. In the 2-back task,the N2 amplitude of the Fz and Cz electrodes decreases,the P3 amplitude of the Cz and Pz electrodes increases. Conclusions:The Tai Chi and square dance exercise can improve the working memory ability of older women. In the early matching and judgment process of working memory,accelerate the treatment of stimulation,and allocate more attention resourcesin the medium term,and have a plasticity effecton brain function.
引文
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