中亚“萨尔特人问题”探究
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摘要
"萨尔特人"一词曾经被用于称呼苏联中亚地区相当大一部分居民。就连被称为"萨尔特人"的居民本身也认为这是他们的自我称谓。在沙皇俄国统治中亚时期,"萨尔特人"一词在当地居民和行政当局中间颇为流行。然而,在20世纪20—30年代苏联当局对中亚地区进行民族识别后,这个名称竟没有出现在中亚民族名录中,永远地从政治家、学者和普通百姓的词典中消失了。对于"萨尔特人"这一神秘群体俄语文献中存在着诸多观点,甚至是激烈的争论,其客观原因是研究者对民族划分所持的标准不同,但"萨尔特人"这一名称最终从中亚民族名录中消失,则被认为是一种政治选择。
"Sarts"was once used to refer to a considerably large number of residences in the region of Soviet Central Asia. Even the residences who were called Sarts took the term as their identity,and the term was popular among the local residences and administrative authority in the period of Tsarist Russia. However,after the Soviet government carried out the work of ethnic identity in the 1920 s and 1930 s,this term was not found in the list of Central Asian ethnic groups and it disappeared forever from the vision of politicians,scholars and the ordinary people. There have been many different opinions or even heated debate in Russian literature about this mysterious ethnic group due to different standards used by researchers in ethnic division,and the eventual disappearance of the term of "Sart"was regarded as a political choice.
"Sarts"was once used to refer to a considerably large number of residences in the region of Soviet Central Asia. Even the residences who were called Sarts took the term as their identity,and the term was popular among the local residences and administrative authority in the period of Tsarist Russia. However,after the Soviet government carried out the work of ethnic identity in the 1920 s and 1930 s,this term was not found in the list of Central Asian ethnic groups and it disappeared forever from the vision of politicians,scholars and the ordinary people. There have been many different opinions or even heated debate in Russian literature about this mysterious ethnic group due to different standards used by researchers in ethnic division,and the eventual disappearance of the term of "Sart"was regarded as a political choice.
引文
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(1)恰拉:是非纯正、不完全的意思。
(1)扎吉德运动:“扎吉德”一词来自阿拉伯语,是“新的”意思。扎吉德运动是19世纪末20世纪初伏尔加河沿岸、克里米亚及中亚地区穆斯林所进行的文化改革以及教育和社会政治运动,其基础是在在穆斯林学校实行新的教学方法。扎吉德人士提出“发展民族艺术和文学,妇女的平等权利,学校里用民族语授课以及改革神职人员的工作”等主张。在1905-1907年俄国革命期间主张国家政治制度的改革。俄国“二月革命”后,扎吉德人士在中亚成立了“舒拉伊-伊-伊斯兰”(Шураи-и-ислам)党。一部分扎吉德人士与苏维埃政权合作,一部分加入巴斯马奇运动,最后侨居国外。
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(1)恰拉:是非纯正、不完全的意思。
(1)扎吉德运动:“扎吉德”一词来自阿拉伯语,是“新的”意思。扎吉德运动是19世纪末20世纪初伏尔加河沿岸、克里米亚及中亚地区穆斯林所进行的文化改革以及教育和社会政治运动,其基础是在在穆斯林学校实行新的教学方法。扎吉德人士提出“发展民族艺术和文学,妇女的平等权利,学校里用民族语授课以及改革神职人员的工作”等主张。在1905-1907年俄国革命期间主张国家政治制度的改革。俄国“二月革命”后,扎吉德人士在中亚成立了“舒拉伊-伊-伊斯兰”(Шураи-и-ислам)党。一部分扎吉德人士与苏维埃政权合作,一部分加入巴斯马奇运动,最后侨居国外。