仁爱:有无正义边界?
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摘要
无论是主动态还是被动态的仁爱实践,均有行为合理性及其限度问题,均有权利边界。即便是自愿的仁爱行为,亦会受到正义的限制,不得以施予仁爱为理由强行伤及他者或社会的重大利益。在特殊条件下,甚至可以有合理理由拒绝仁爱行为,这种拒绝既可以来自施予方,亦可来自接受方。在对本民族国家成员负责基础之上,不伤害受援对象的尊严、自我责任感与生产性精神,构成对非本民族国家及其成员仁爱行为的合理边界。
No matter whether the practice of kindheartedness is active or passive,there is a problem of whether it is reasonable and whether it has a boundary of rights. Even for a voluntary kindhearted act,it still should be bounded by justice. In other words,we cannot harm others or infringe upon the important interests of our society in the name of kindheartedness. In some particular circumstances,we even have sufficient reasons to reject the act of kindheartedness. Such rejection could come from not only the provider of kindheartedness but also the receiver. Our responsibility for the members of our own nation-state and the principles of not injuring the dignity,the self-responsibility and the enthusiasm for production of the receiver constitute the reasonable boundaries of kindheartedness towards the members of the other nation-states.
No matter whether the practice of kindheartedness is active or passive,there is a problem of whether it is reasonable and whether it has a boundary of rights. Even for a voluntary kindhearted act,it still should be bounded by justice. In other words,we cannot harm others or infringe upon the important interests of our society in the name of kindheartedness. In some particular circumstances,we even have sufficient reasons to reject the act of kindheartedness. Such rejection could come from not only the provider of kindheartedness but also the receiver. Our responsibility for the members of our own nation-state and the principles of not injuring the dignity,the self-responsibility and the enthusiasm for production of the receiver constitute the reasonable boundaries of kindheartedness towards the members of the other nation-states.
引文
[1]高兆明:《“仁爱”与“正义”:和解及其可能》,载《伦理学研究》2017年第4期。
[2]黑格尔:《法哲学原理》,范扬、张企泰译,北京:商务印书馆2009年版。
[3]Garrett Hardin,“Commentary:Living on a Lifeboat”,Bio Science,Vol.24,Issue Oct.1974.
[4]霍尔等主编:《阿伦特手册》,王旭、寇瑛译,北京:社会科学文献出版社2015年版。
[2]黑格尔:《法哲学原理》,范扬、张企泰译,北京:商务印书馆2009年版。
[3]Garrett Hardin,“Commentary:Living on a Lifeboat”,Bio Science,Vol.24,Issue Oct.1974.
[4]霍尔等主编:《阿伦特手册》,王旭、寇瑛译,北京:社会科学文献出版社2015年版。