基于层次-灰色关联分析的河流自然性评价——以潮河为例
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摘要
基于"近自然"理念的河流自然性评价是对河流生态系统修复与保护的重要理论基础。以潮河古北口大桥至辛庄桥河段为例,依据潮河的自然属性和社会服务属性,在划分河段的基础上,构建了包含水文、形态、水质、河岸带功能和景观娱乐功能5方面、24个指标组成的河流自然性评价体系。参照"河溪近自然评价"方法获取评价指标,并根据各指标的评判标准依照自然状态、近自然状态、退化状态和人工状态进行归一化处理。运用层次分析法计算各指标在评价体系中所占权重。通过点到区间距离的灰色关联度计算方式进行自然等级判定。结果表明,调查河段由于受到自然演变和人为影响,处于人工状态的河段为2段,处于退化状态的河段为9段,处于近自然状态的河段为4段,处于自然状态的河段为1段,其中,退化和近自然状态的河段分别占调查河段全长的60%和31%,长度约为12.58和6.6 km。总体上,调查河段大部分处于退化状态,但仍具备进行近自然修复的潜在条件。采用层次-灰色关联分析的河流自然性评价方法计算简单,评价体系系统性强,各项指标对评价结果的影响明显。
[Background] Riparian ecosystem functions play important roles in human society and economic development. An objective and systematic assessment method can provide theoretical support for the restoration and protection of riparian ecosystem. In this paper,the Chaohe River( river reach from Gubeikou Bridge to Xinzhuang Bridge) was taken as a case to study the method of river naturalness assessment based on the concept of "near-natural". [Methods]According to the natural quality and social service attributes of the Chaohe River,the river was divided into different sections. The 24 indicators were contained in the river naturalness assessment system,which involved 5 aspects including hydrological elements,river form,physical and chemical properties of water quality,riparian zone status,and the furaction of landscape and recreation. The investigation method of assessment indicators has been studied by reference to the "near-natural assessment system of stream ". According to the judgment criteria of each indicator,the normalization processing was carried on according to the natural state,the near natural state,the degraded state and the artificial state. The weight of each indicator in the assessment system was calculated by the Analytic Hierarchy Process( AHP). Taken the measured value of the index as the reference series,referring to the criterion as the comparison sequence,the gray correlation degree was calculated by the point to range distance. The maximum degree of relevance covresponding to the natural level was the final evaluation result. [Results]The assessment results indicated that in the light of natural evolution and human activity interference,there were two river sections in artificial state,nine river sections in degraded state,four river sections in near natural state,and one section in natural state. On the basis of this assessment results,1. 2 km of the river sections were in artificial state,12. 58 km of the river sections were in degradation state,6. 6 km of the river sections were in near-natural state and 0. 62 km of the river sections were in natural state which were about 6%,60%,31% and 3% of total length,respectively. [Conclusions]In general,although most of the survey sections of Chaohe River were in the state of degradation,there were still potential conditions for near natural restoration in the long run. It may promote river to a higher natural level to complete the river restoration based on river ecosystem assessment results and taking advantage of combination of natural ways and artificial management. Furthermore,evaluation index system has a high systematicness,the calculation was simplified and the indicators have an obvious impact on the result by the method of natural assessment of rivers based on AHP and Grey Relational Analysis( GRA).
[Background] Riparian ecosystem functions play important roles in human society and economic development. An objective and systematic assessment method can provide theoretical support for the restoration and protection of riparian ecosystem. In this paper,the Chaohe River( river reach from Gubeikou Bridge to Xinzhuang Bridge) was taken as a case to study the method of river naturalness assessment based on the concept of "near-natural". [Methods]According to the natural quality and social service attributes of the Chaohe River,the river was divided into different sections. The 24 indicators were contained in the river naturalness assessment system,which involved 5 aspects including hydrological elements,river form,physical and chemical properties of water quality,riparian zone status,and the furaction of landscape and recreation. The investigation method of assessment indicators has been studied by reference to the "near-natural assessment system of stream ". According to the judgment criteria of each indicator,the normalization processing was carried on according to the natural state,the near natural state,the degraded state and the artificial state. The weight of each indicator in the assessment system was calculated by the Analytic Hierarchy Process( AHP). Taken the measured value of the index as the reference series,referring to the criterion as the comparison sequence,the gray correlation degree was calculated by the point to range distance. The maximum degree of relevance covresponding to the natural level was the final evaluation result. [Results]The assessment results indicated that in the light of natural evolution and human activity interference,there were two river sections in artificial state,nine river sections in degraded state,four river sections in near natural state,and one section in natural state. On the basis of this assessment results,1. 2 km of the river sections were in artificial state,12. 58 km of the river sections were in degradation state,6. 6 km of the river sections were in near-natural state and 0. 62 km of the river sections were in natural state which were about 6%,60%,31% and 3% of total length,respectively. [Conclusions]In general,although most of the survey sections of Chaohe River were in the state of degradation,there were still potential conditions for near natural restoration in the long run. It may promote river to a higher natural level to complete the river restoration based on river ecosystem assessment results and taking advantage of combination of natural ways and artificial management. Furthermore,evaluation index system has a high systematicness,the calculation was simplified and the indicators have an obvious impact on the result by the method of natural assessment of rivers based on AHP and Grey Relational Analysis( GRA).
引文
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[14]高学平,赵世新,张晨,等.河流系统健康状况评价体系及评价方法[J].水利学报,2009,40(8):964.GAO Xueping,ZHAO Shixin,ZHANG Chen,et al.Index system and method for assessing the health status of river[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2009,40(8):964.
[15]冯彦,何大明,杨丽萍.河流健康评价的主评指标筛选[J].地理研究,2012,31(3):395.FENG Yan,HE Daming,YANG Liping.Selection of major evaluation indicators on river health evaluation[J].Geographical Research,2012,31(3):389.
[16]肖新平,宋中民,李峰.灰技术基础及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:7.XIAO Xinping,SONG Zhongmin,LI Feng.Gray technology foundation and application[M].Beijing:Beijing Science Press,2005:7.
[17]赵天燕,贺方升,侯祺棕,等.一种改进的灰关联分析法在水质评价中的应用[J].安全与环境学报,2005,5(1):28.ZHAO Tianyan,HE Fangsheng,HOU Qizong,et al.Application of improved gray relation analysis method for water quality assessment in aquatic system[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2005,5(1):28.
[2]董哲仁.保护和恢复河流形态多样性[J].水利学报,2003(11):53.DONG Zheren.Conserve and restore river form diversity[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2003(11):53.
[3]李英,樊玲丽,韩圣明.中小河流治理工程水土流失特征及防护措施[J].江西水利科技,2017,43(2):141.LI Ying,FAN Lingli,HAN Shengming.Study on characteristics of soil and water loss and protection measures for small and medium river treatment project[J].Jiangxi Hydraulic Science and Technology,2017,43(2):141.
[4]冯文娟,李海英,徐力刚,等.河流健康评价:内涵、指标、方法与尺度问题探讨[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(3):34.FENG Wenjuan,LI Haiying,XU Ligang,et al.River health assessment:Indexes,methods and scales[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2015,34(3):34.
[5]高甲荣,冯泽深,高阳,等.河溪近自然评价方法与应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010:69.GAO Jiarong,FENG Zeshen,GAO Yang,et al.The method and application of natural evaluation of river[M].Beijing:China Water and Power Press,2010:69.
[6]董哲仁.河流生态系统研究的理论框架[J].水利学报,2009,40(2):129.DONG Zheren.Framework of research on fluvial ecosystem[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2009,40(2):129.
[7]王舒,高甲荣,马岚,等.湟水河西宁段河流综合自然状况评价[J].中国农村水利水电,2014(10):9.WANG Shu,GAO Jiarong,MA Lan,et al.A comprehensive naturalness assessment of Xining section of Huangshui River[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2014(10):9.
[8]顾岚,高甲荣,刘瑛,等.北京郊区河流自然性评价:以汤河为例[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(1):165.GU Lan,GAO Jiarong,LIU Ying,et al.Assessment of river naturalness in Beijing Suburb:Taking Tanghe River as an Example[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,32(1):165.
[9]于洪涛,吴泽宁.灰色关联分析在南水北调中线澧河水质评价中的应用[J].节水灌溉,2010(3):39.YU Hongtao,WU Zening.Application of grey relation analysis method in water quality evaluation of Li River for south-to-north water diversion project[J].Water Saving Irrigation,2010(3):39.
[10]韩涛.应用灰色关联分析法对水磨河水环境质量的评价分析[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2009:35.HAN Tao.The application of grey associative analysis on water environmental of shuimo River[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,2009:35.
[11]邓雪,李家铭,曾浩健,等.层次分析法权重计算方法分析及其应用研究[J].数学的实践与认识,2012,42(7):93.DENG Xue,LI Jiaming,ZENG Haojian,et al.Research on computation methods of AHP weight vector and its applications[J].Journal of Mathematics in Practice and Theory,2012,42(7):93.
[12]田兵,冉雪琴,薛红,等.贵州42种野生牧草营养价值灰色关联度分析[J].草业学报,2014,23(1):94.TIAN Bing,RAN Xueqin,XUE Hong,et al.Evaluation of the nutritive value of 42 kinds of forage in Guizhou province by grey relational grade analysis[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(1):94.
[13]田凯波.基于层次分析法的灰色关联分析的应用[J].湖南农机,2010,37(3):99.TIAN Kaibo.Application of grey correlation analysis based on AHP[J].Hunan Agricultural Machinery,2010,37(3):99.
[14]高学平,赵世新,张晨,等.河流系统健康状况评价体系及评价方法[J].水利学报,2009,40(8):964.GAO Xueping,ZHAO Shixin,ZHANG Chen,et al.Index system and method for assessing the health status of river[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2009,40(8):964.
[15]冯彦,何大明,杨丽萍.河流健康评价的主评指标筛选[J].地理研究,2012,31(3):395.FENG Yan,HE Daming,YANG Liping.Selection of major evaluation indicators on river health evaluation[J].Geographical Research,2012,31(3):389.
[16]肖新平,宋中民,李峰.灰技术基础及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:7.XIAO Xinping,SONG Zhongmin,LI Feng.Gray technology foundation and application[M].Beijing:Beijing Science Press,2005:7.
[17]赵天燕,贺方升,侯祺棕,等.一种改进的灰关联分析法在水质评价中的应用[J].安全与环境学报,2005,5(1):28.ZHAO Tianyan,HE Fangsheng,HOU Qizong,et al.Application of improved gray relation analysis method for water quality assessment in aquatic system[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2005,5(1):28.