自然恢复序列梯度上退耕地土壤容重变化及其蓄水性能效应
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摘要
为了探索黄土丘陵区退耕地植被自然恢复对土壤水分环境的影响,以延安市安塞区5个植被自然恢复阶段(10,20,30,40,50年)退耕地为研究对象,采用空间代替时间法研究不同演替阶段土壤理性特征的变化、土壤蓄水性能及其影响。结果表明:陕北黄土丘陵区弃耕地在植被自然恢复过程中,同一演替阶段不同土层,其表层(0—20cm)土壤容重均小于下层(20—40cm)土壤容重。不同演替阶段表层土壤容重总体表现为先减少后增加的趋势,其土壤容重在30年的植被自然恢复期降到最低值,说明植被恢复导致表层土壤容重变小,表层土壤总毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度均呈现先增大后减小的趋势,且在30年自然恢复期达到峰值,而土壤毛管孔隙度变化趋势为先减小后增大再减小再增大。不同演替阶段表层土壤饱和蓄水量、滞留蓄水量均表现为先增大后减小的趋势,且在30年自然恢复期其蓄水量达到峰值。土壤物理特征的变化趋势为土壤容重大,土壤粗砂粒含量增加,毛管孔隙度增大,非毛管孔隙度减小,土壤蓄水量降低;土壤容重减小,土壤细砂粒、粉黏粒含量增加,毛管孔隙度减小,非毛管孔隙度增大,土壤蓄水量增大。
For exploring the effect of natural vegetation restoration of abandoned farmland in the loess hilly region on soil water environment,this paper took five natural vegetation restoration(10,20,30,40 and 50 years)abandoned farmlands as the research object in Ansai County,Yanan.And the changes of soil characteristic in different natural restoration stages and its effects on soil water-storage capacity were studied using the method of substituting temporal serial with spatial serial.The results showed that:In the process of natural vegetation restoration of abandoned farmland,the soil bulk density of the surface layer(0—20 cm)was lower than that of the lower layer(20—40 cm)in different soil layers at the same natural recovery stage.At different stages of natural restoration,the soil bulk density of surface soil decreased first and then increased with a minimum at 30 years of natural restoration,indicating that natural vegetation restoration could lead to decrease soil bulk density of surface soil.Reaching the maximum at 30 years,the total capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity of surface soil increased first and then decreased,while capillary porosity decreased initially and increased afterwards.Reaching the maximum at 30 years,soil total water-storage capacity and non-capillary water-storage capacity increased first and then decreased at different stages of natural restoration.The changing trends of soil physical characteristic showed that with the increase of soil bulk,soil gravel content and capillary porosity,and with the decrease of non-capillary porosity,the soil water-storage capacity was reduced,and vice versa.
For exploring the effect of natural vegetation restoration of abandoned farmland in the loess hilly region on soil water environment,this paper took five natural vegetation restoration(10,20,30,40 and 50 years)abandoned farmlands as the research object in Ansai County,Yanan.And the changes of soil characteristic in different natural restoration stages and its effects on soil water-storage capacity were studied using the method of substituting temporal serial with spatial serial.The results showed that:In the process of natural vegetation restoration of abandoned farmland,the soil bulk density of the surface layer(0—20 cm)was lower than that of the lower layer(20—40 cm)in different soil layers at the same natural recovery stage.At different stages of natural restoration,the soil bulk density of surface soil decreased first and then increased with a minimum at 30 years of natural restoration,indicating that natural vegetation restoration could lead to decrease soil bulk density of surface soil.Reaching the maximum at 30 years,the total capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity of surface soil increased first and then decreased,while capillary porosity decreased initially and increased afterwards.Reaching the maximum at 30 years,soil total water-storage capacity and non-capillary water-storage capacity increased first and then decreased at different stages of natural restoration.The changing trends of soil physical characteristic showed that with the increase of soil bulk,soil gravel content and capillary porosity,and with the decrease of non-capillary porosity,the soil water-storage capacity was reduced,and vice versa.
引文
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[4]蔡进军,蒋齐,张源润,等.宁南山区典型旱作农耕地土壤特性分析[J].西北农业学报,2007,16(2):77-80.
[5]马祥华,焦菊英,白文娟,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕地土壤养分因子对植被恢复的贡献[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(2):328-335.
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[7]郭忠升,邵明安.半干旱区人工林草地土壤旱化与土壤水分植被承载力[J].生态学报,2003,23(8):1640-1647.
[8]张雷明,上官周平,史俊通.黄土区坡面水肥条件与植被建设[J].干旱区资源与环境,2001,15(4):68-74.
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[10]李红,范素芳,张光灿,等.黄土丘陵区退耕还林后不同林地土壤孔隙与贮水特性[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(1):27-30.
[11]李裕元,邵明安,陈洪松,等.水蚀风蚀交错带植被恢复对土壤物理性质的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(16):4306-4310.
[12]庞学勇,包维楷,张咏梅,等.岷江柏林下土壤物理性质及其地理空间差异[J].应用与环境生物学报,2004,10(5):596-601.
[13]侯贤清,贾志宽,韩清芳,等.不同轮耕模式对旱地土壤结构及入渗蓄水特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(5):85-95.
[14]莫菲,李叙勇,贺淑霞,等.东灵山林区不同森林植被水源涵养功能评价[J].生态学报,2011,31(17):5009-5016.
[15]聂卫波,武世亮,马孝义,等.田块尺度土壤入渗特性空间变异研究[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(9):76-83.
[16] Hillel D.Application of soil physics[M].New York:Academic Press,1980:385-426.
[17] Willians J,Prebble R E.The influence of texture structure andclay mineralogy on the soil moisture characteristic[J].Soil Research,1983,21:15-32.
[18]李卓,吴普特,冯浩,等.容重对土壤水分蓄持能力影响模拟试验研究[J].土壤学报,2010,47(4):611-620.
[19]杨丽霞,陈少峰,安娟娟,等.陕北黄土丘陵区不同植被类型群落多样性与土壤有机质、全氮关系研究[J].草地学报,2014.22(2):291-298.
[20]徐孝庆,胡沐钦.林地综合效益计量评价[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1992:32-93.
[21]刘明.凤凰山林场小流域试验场林地土壤涵养水源效益研究[J].林业资源管理,1998(6):51-54.
[22]孙艳红,张洪江,程金花,等.缙云山不同林地类型土壤特性及其水源涵养功能[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(2):106-110.
[23]Liu X,Zhang G C,Gary C,et al.Fractal features of soil particle-size distribution as affected by plant communities in the forested region of Mountain Yimeng,China[J].Geoderma,2009,154(1/2):123-130.
[24] Cao C Y,Jiang D M,Teng X H,et al.Soil chemical and microbiological properties along a chronosequence of Caragana microphylla Lam.plantations in the Horqin sandy land of Northeast China[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2008,40(1):78-85.
[25]庞学勇,刘庆,刘世全,等.人为干扰对川西亚高山针叶林土壤物理性质的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2002,8(6):583-587.
[26]谢锦升,杨玉盛,解明曙,等.植被恢复对退化红壤轻组有机质的影响[J].土壤学报,2008,45(1):170-175.
[27]于东明,胡小兰,张光灿,等.江子河小流域不同植被类型土壤粒径的多重分形特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,9(5):79-85.
[28]廖超林,傅灵艺,盛浩,等.紫色丘陵区旱地撂荒自然恢复提高土壤蓄水性能[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(21):111-119.
[2]张保华,何毓蓉,程根伟.贡嘎山东坡林地土壤低吸力段持水特性及其影响因素分析[J].西部林业科学,2006,35(1):49-51.
[3]蒋定生.黄土高原水土流失与治理模式[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1997.
[4]蔡进军,蒋齐,张源润,等.宁南山区典型旱作农耕地土壤特性分析[J].西北农业学报,2007,16(2):77-80.
[5]马祥华,焦菊英,白文娟,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕地土壤养分因子对植被恢复的贡献[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(2):328-335.
[6]张雷明,上官周平.黄土高原土壤水分与植被生产力的关系[J].干旱区研究,2002,19(4):59-63.
[7]郭忠升,邵明安.半干旱区人工林草地土壤旱化与土壤水分植被承载力[J].生态学报,2003,23(8):1640-1647.
[8]张雷明,上官周平,史俊通.黄土区坡面水肥条件与植被建设[J].干旱区资源与环境,2001,15(4):68-74.
[9]赵世伟,赵勇钢,吴金水.黄土高原植被演替下土壤孔隙的定量分析[J].中国科学,2010,40(2):223-231.
[10]李红,范素芳,张光灿,等.黄土丘陵区退耕还林后不同林地土壤孔隙与贮水特性[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(1):27-30.
[11]李裕元,邵明安,陈洪松,等.水蚀风蚀交错带植被恢复对土壤物理性质的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(16):4306-4310.
[12]庞学勇,包维楷,张咏梅,等.岷江柏林下土壤物理性质及其地理空间差异[J].应用与环境生物学报,2004,10(5):596-601.
[13]侯贤清,贾志宽,韩清芳,等.不同轮耕模式对旱地土壤结构及入渗蓄水特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(5):85-95.
[14]莫菲,李叙勇,贺淑霞,等.东灵山林区不同森林植被水源涵养功能评价[J].生态学报,2011,31(17):5009-5016.
[15]聂卫波,武世亮,马孝义,等.田块尺度土壤入渗特性空间变异研究[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(9):76-83.
[16] Hillel D.Application of soil physics[M].New York:Academic Press,1980:385-426.
[17] Willians J,Prebble R E.The influence of texture structure andclay mineralogy on the soil moisture characteristic[J].Soil Research,1983,21:15-32.
[18]李卓,吴普特,冯浩,等.容重对土壤水分蓄持能力影响模拟试验研究[J].土壤学报,2010,47(4):611-620.
[19]杨丽霞,陈少峰,安娟娟,等.陕北黄土丘陵区不同植被类型群落多样性与土壤有机质、全氮关系研究[J].草地学报,2014.22(2):291-298.
[20]徐孝庆,胡沐钦.林地综合效益计量评价[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1992:32-93.
[21]刘明.凤凰山林场小流域试验场林地土壤涵养水源效益研究[J].林业资源管理,1998(6):51-54.
[22]孙艳红,张洪江,程金花,等.缙云山不同林地类型土壤特性及其水源涵养功能[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(2):106-110.
[23]Liu X,Zhang G C,Gary C,et al.Fractal features of soil particle-size distribution as affected by plant communities in the forested region of Mountain Yimeng,China[J].Geoderma,2009,154(1/2):123-130.
[24] Cao C Y,Jiang D M,Teng X H,et al.Soil chemical and microbiological properties along a chronosequence of Caragana microphylla Lam.plantations in the Horqin sandy land of Northeast China[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2008,40(1):78-85.
[25]庞学勇,刘庆,刘世全,等.人为干扰对川西亚高山针叶林土壤物理性质的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2002,8(6):583-587.
[26]谢锦升,杨玉盛,解明曙,等.植被恢复对退化红壤轻组有机质的影响[J].土壤学报,2008,45(1):170-175.
[27]于东明,胡小兰,张光灿,等.江子河小流域不同植被类型土壤粒径的多重分形特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,9(5):79-85.
[28]廖超林,傅灵艺,盛浩,等.紫色丘陵区旱地撂荒自然恢复提高土壤蓄水性能[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(21):111-119.