pH对海水生物滤器启动阶段构建硝化功能的影响
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摘要
稳定高效运行的生物滤器是循环水系统养殖过程中至关重要的部分,然而生物滤器在运行过程中会受到诸多环境因子的影响。该文分两部分对进水pH对流化床生物滤器硝化性能的影响进行研究。(1)针对流化床生物滤器挂膜启动阶段进行研究,研究在自然挂膜情况下,不同进水pH(7. 0、7. 5、8. 0、8. 5)对流化床生物滤器启动的影响,结果显示,生物滤器在pH 7. 5时启动时间最短,50 d左右便能够稳定运行,而且在此pH条件下生物滤器对TAN、NO2--N的去除效率最高。(2)生物膜成熟后,针对稳定运行的生物滤器进行试验,研究不同pH(7. 0、7. 5、7. 7、8. 0、8. 5)对生物滤器硝化性能的影响,结果显示,生物滤器在pH 7. 7时,对TAN的去除速率最高,达到(0. 58±0. 02) mg/(L·h)。另外,生物滤器在pH 7. 5时对NO2--N的处理效果最好。试验还发现各处理组皆存在不同程度的NO2--N积累现象,该现象随着pH的升高不断加剧。适宜的进水pH能够缩短生物滤器的挂膜周期并提高其硝化性能。研究结果可以为海水生物滤器的挂膜启动和稳定运行提供理论指导。
Biofilters running steadily and efficiently are a crucial part in recirculating aquaculture system,but the operational process of biofilter may be affected by many environmental factors. In this paper,the influence of influent pH on nitrification performance of fluidized bed biofilter is studied in two parts:( 1) the fluidized bed biofilter in the start-up stage of biofilm formation is studied,mainly focusing on the influence of influent pH( 7. 0,7. 5,8. 0,8. 5) on the starting of fluidized bed biofilter under the condition of natural biofilm formation. The results show that when pH is 7. 5,the biofilter has the shortest starting time,and can run steadily after about 50 days and remove the most TAN and NO2--N.( 2) After the biofilm is mature,specific to biofilter running steadily,the influence of pH( 7. 0,7. 5,7. 7,8. 0,8. 5) on nitrification performance of biofilter is studied. The results show that when pH is 7. 7,the rate to remove TAN is the highest,reaching( 0. 58 ± 0. 02) mg/( L·h). In addition,when pH is 7. 5,the effect to treat NO2--N is the best. It is also found in the test that there are different degrees of NO2--N accumulation in all treatment groups,which is intensified with increase of pH. Suitable influent pH can shorten the biofilm formation cycle and improve the nitrification performance of biofilter. The results can provide theoretical guidance for biofilm formation starting and stable running of seawater biofilter.
Biofilters running steadily and efficiently are a crucial part in recirculating aquaculture system,but the operational process of biofilter may be affected by many environmental factors. In this paper,the influence of influent pH on nitrification performance of fluidized bed biofilter is studied in two parts:( 1) the fluidized bed biofilter in the start-up stage of biofilm formation is studied,mainly focusing on the influence of influent pH( 7. 0,7. 5,8. 0,8. 5) on the starting of fluidized bed biofilter under the condition of natural biofilm formation. The results show that when pH is 7. 5,the biofilter has the shortest starting time,and can run steadily after about 50 days and remove the most TAN and NO2--N.( 2) After the biofilm is mature,specific to biofilter running steadily,the influence of pH( 7. 0,7. 5,7. 7,8. 0,8. 5) on nitrification performance of biofilter is studied. The results show that when pH is 7. 7,the rate to remove TAN is the highest,reaching( 0. 58 ± 0. 02) mg/( L·h). In addition,when pH is 7. 5,the effect to treat NO2--N is the best. It is also found in the test that there are different degrees of NO2--N accumulation in all treatment groups,which is intensified with increase of pH. Suitable influent pH can shorten the biofilm formation cycle and improve the nitrification performance of biofilter. The results can provide theoretical guidance for biofilm formation starting and stable running of seawater biofilter.
引文
[1]张正,王印庚,曹磊,等.海水循环水养殖系统生物膜快速挂膜试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(15):157-162.
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[4] SUMMERFELT ST, WILTON G, ROBERTS D, et al.Developments in recirculating systems for Arctic char culture inNorth America[J]. Aquacultural Engineering,2004,30(1):31-71.
[5]张海耿,张宇雷,张业韡,等.循环水养殖系统中流化床生物滤器净水效果影响因素[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(10):3849-3855.
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[7] LIU Y,SONG X,LIANG Z,et al. Application of CFD modelingto hydrodynamics of CycloBio fluidized sand bed in recirculatingaquaculture systems[J]. Journal Ocean University of China,2014,13(1):115-124.
[8]柳瑶,宋协法,梁振林,等.工厂化循环水养殖中生物流化床的流化特性研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2014,44(1):41-45.
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[10]王淑莹,李论,李凌云,等.快速启动短程硝化过程起始p H值对亚硝酸盐积累的影响[J].北京工业大学学报,2011,37(7):1067-1072.
[11]杨宏,姚仁达. pH和硝化细菌浓度对氨氮氧化速率的影响[J].环境工程学报,2017,5(11):2660-2665.
[12]罗荣强,侯沙沙,沈加正,等.海水生物滤器氨氮沿程转化规律模型[J].环境科学,2012,33(9):3189-3196.
[13]闫修花,王桂珍,陈迪军.纳氏试剂比色法测定海水中的氨氮[J].环境监测管理与技术,2003,15(3):21-23.
[14]GB17378. 4-2007.海洋监测规范第4部分:海水分析[S].
[15]VILLAVERDE S,FDZ-POLANCO F,GARCIA P A. Nitrifyingbiofilm acclimation to free ammonia in submerged biofilters. Start-up influence[J]. Water Research,2000,34(2):602-610.
[16]齐巨龙,赖铭勇,谭洪新.预培养生物膜法在海水循环水养殖系统中的应用效果[J].渔业现代化,2010,37(2):14-18.
[17]TSENG K F,WU K L. The ammonia removal cycle for asubmerged biofilter used in a recirculating eel culture system[J].Aquacultural engineering,2004,31(1):17-30.
[18]杨志强,朱建新,刘慧,等.几种环境因子对循环水养殖系统生物膜净化效率影响的试验研究[J].渔业现代化,2015,42(3):17-22.
[19]李甍,宋协法,孙国祥,等.适宜牡蛎与龙须菜配比提高含氮养殖废水处理效果[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(11):243-248.
[20]张卫强,朱英.养殖水体中氨氮的危害及其检测方法研究进展[J].环境卫生学杂志,2013,2(6):324-327.
[21]吕永涛,王磊,吴红亚,等.短程硝化过程中NO2--N高效富集的工艺条件实验研究[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(1):77-80.
[22]徐婷,王丽,吴军.不同p H条件下短程硝化序批实验和数学模拟[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(6):2840-2846.
[23]CLAROS J,JIMNEZ E,AGUADO D,et al. Effect of pH andHNO2concentration on the activity of ammonia-oxidizingbacteria in a partial nitritation reactor[J]. Water Science andTechnology,2013,67(11):2587-2594.
[24]姜体胜,杨琦,尚海涛,等.温度和p H值对活性污泥法脱氮除磷的影响[J].环境工程学报,2007,1(9):10-14.
[25]薛静怡,宗雅丽,侯玉,等.水产养殖中亚硝酸盐毒性影响及处理的研究进展[J].福建水产,2017,39(4):320-324.
[26]JIA R,LIU B L,HAN C,et al. The physiological performance andimmune response of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)tonitrite exposure[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology PartC:Toxicology&Pharmacology,2016,181:40-46.
[27]张绍波,李改娟,戴欣.氮的循环及氨氮,亚硝酸盐对鱼体健康的影响[J].黑龙江水产,2014(5):24-27.
[28]李娟英,赵庆祥.氨氮生物硝化过程影响因素研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(1):120-124.
[29]ZHANG C,ZHANG S,ZHANG L,et al. Effects of constant pHand unsteady pH at different free ammonia concentrations onshortcut nitrification for landfill leachate treatment[J]. Appliedmicrobiology and biotechnology,2015,99(8):3707-3713.
[30]陈宗妲,黄勇,李祥. pH对亚硝化、厌氧氨氧化反应及联合工艺氮素转化的影响[J].环境工程,2016,34(1):55-60.
[2]程海华,朱建新,曲克明,等.不同有机碳源及C/N对生物滤池净化效果的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2016,37(1):127-134.
[3] WEAVER D E. Design and operations of fine media fluidized bedbiofilters for meeting oligotrophic water requirements[J].Aquacultural engineering,2006,34(3):303-310.
[4] SUMMERFELT ST, WILTON G, ROBERTS D, et al.Developments in recirculating systems for Arctic char culture inNorth America[J]. Aquacultural Engineering,2004,30(1):31-71.
[5]张海耿,张宇雷,张业韡,等.循环水养殖系统中流化床生物滤器净水效果影响因素[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(10):3849-3855.
[6]张海耿,管崇武.新型流化床生物滤器处理海水养殖废水性能研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(29):29-35.
[7] LIU Y,SONG X,LIANG Z,et al. Application of CFD modelingto hydrodynamics of CycloBio fluidized sand bed in recirculatingaquaculture systems[J]. Journal Ocean University of China,2014,13(1):115-124.
[8]柳瑶,宋协法,梁振林,等.工厂化循环水养殖中生物流化床的流化特性研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2014,44(1):41-45.
[9]柳瑶,宋协法,雷霁霖,等.循环水养殖旋转式生物流化床生物过滤功能[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(3):249-254.
[10]王淑莹,李论,李凌云,等.快速启动短程硝化过程起始p H值对亚硝酸盐积累的影响[J].北京工业大学学报,2011,37(7):1067-1072.
[11]杨宏,姚仁达. pH和硝化细菌浓度对氨氮氧化速率的影响[J].环境工程学报,2017,5(11):2660-2665.
[12]罗荣强,侯沙沙,沈加正,等.海水生物滤器氨氮沿程转化规律模型[J].环境科学,2012,33(9):3189-3196.
[13]闫修花,王桂珍,陈迪军.纳氏试剂比色法测定海水中的氨氮[J].环境监测管理与技术,2003,15(3):21-23.
[14]GB17378. 4-2007.海洋监测规范第4部分:海水分析[S].
[15]VILLAVERDE S,FDZ-POLANCO F,GARCIA P A. Nitrifyingbiofilm acclimation to free ammonia in submerged biofilters. Start-up influence[J]. Water Research,2000,34(2):602-610.
[16]齐巨龙,赖铭勇,谭洪新.预培养生物膜法在海水循环水养殖系统中的应用效果[J].渔业现代化,2010,37(2):14-18.
[17]TSENG K F,WU K L. The ammonia removal cycle for asubmerged biofilter used in a recirculating eel culture system[J].Aquacultural engineering,2004,31(1):17-30.
[18]杨志强,朱建新,刘慧,等.几种环境因子对循环水养殖系统生物膜净化效率影响的试验研究[J].渔业现代化,2015,42(3):17-22.
[19]李甍,宋协法,孙国祥,等.适宜牡蛎与龙须菜配比提高含氮养殖废水处理效果[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(11):243-248.
[20]张卫强,朱英.养殖水体中氨氮的危害及其检测方法研究进展[J].环境卫生学杂志,2013,2(6):324-327.
[21]吕永涛,王磊,吴红亚,等.短程硝化过程中NO2--N高效富集的工艺条件实验研究[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(1):77-80.
[22]徐婷,王丽,吴军.不同p H条件下短程硝化序批实验和数学模拟[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(6):2840-2846.
[23]CLAROS J,JIMNEZ E,AGUADO D,et al. Effect of pH andHNO2concentration on the activity of ammonia-oxidizingbacteria in a partial nitritation reactor[J]. Water Science andTechnology,2013,67(11):2587-2594.
[24]姜体胜,杨琦,尚海涛,等.温度和p H值对活性污泥法脱氮除磷的影响[J].环境工程学报,2007,1(9):10-14.
[25]薛静怡,宗雅丽,侯玉,等.水产养殖中亚硝酸盐毒性影响及处理的研究进展[J].福建水产,2017,39(4):320-324.
[26]JIA R,LIU B L,HAN C,et al. The physiological performance andimmune response of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)tonitrite exposure[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology PartC:Toxicology&Pharmacology,2016,181:40-46.
[27]张绍波,李改娟,戴欣.氮的循环及氨氮,亚硝酸盐对鱼体健康的影响[J].黑龙江水产,2014(5):24-27.
[28]李娟英,赵庆祥.氨氮生物硝化过程影响因素研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(1):120-124.
[29]ZHANG C,ZHANG S,ZHANG L,et al. Effects of constant pHand unsteady pH at different free ammonia concentrations onshortcut nitrification for landfill leachate treatment[J]. Appliedmicrobiology and biotechnology,2015,99(8):3707-3713.
[30]陈宗妲,黄勇,李祥. pH对亚硝化、厌氧氨氧化反应及联合工艺氮素转化的影响[J].环境工程,2016,34(1):55-60.