从自由主义到马克思主义:“五四”前后陈独秀新闻思想的转折
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摘要
五四新文化运动"旗手"、中国共产党主要创始人陈独秀是民国新闻史研究绕不过去的人物。"五四"前后陈独秀从基于自由主义的"文人论政"走向马克思主义共产革命之路,其政治道路选择与新闻思想转折形成互动。解析陈独秀新闻思想转折动因,既须关注他的政治思想底色、个人境遇,也要看到国际政治环境变迁语境下共产国际的影响;其转变的标志性事件是1920年9月经改组而出版的《新青年》第八卷,他发表《谈政治》《对于时局的我见》等集中阐释其马克思主义新闻观点。陈独秀新闻思想转折反映了马克思主义新闻思想被中国知识分子所接受的历史进程,并对民国新闻事业走向产生影响;但他思想深处蕴含着强烈的精英意识,并未因走向与工农结合革命之路而减弱,这对其领导中共早期新闻宣传工作是不利因素。
Chen Duxiu, the principal founder of the communist party of China(CPC) and the "flag bearer" of the new cultural movement, is a figure who is indispensable in the study of the history of journalism in the Republic of China. From the liberal "literati" to the Marxist communist revolution, Chen Duxiu's political choice and the transformation of news thoughts were interrelated. To find out what changed Chen Duxiu's journalism thoughts,one should not only pay attention to his political background and personal situation, but also see the influence of the communist international in the context of changing international political environment. The landmark event of his transformation was the eighth volume of the New Youth published in September 1920. The transition of Chen Duxiu's journalism thoughts reflected the historical process of Marxist journalism thoughts accepted by Chinese intellectuals and had an impact on the journalism undertakings of the Republic of China. However, one could see that Chen regarded himself as the elite of the time from his journalism thoughts. This did not fade after joining hands with the workers and peasants, which was harmful to his leadership in the CPC's publicity work.
Chen Duxiu, the principal founder of the communist party of China(CPC) and the "flag bearer" of the new cultural movement, is a figure who is indispensable in the study of the history of journalism in the Republic of China. From the liberal "literati" to the Marxist communist revolution, Chen Duxiu's political choice and the transformation of news thoughts were interrelated. To find out what changed Chen Duxiu's journalism thoughts,one should not only pay attention to his political background and personal situation, but also see the influence of the communist international in the context of changing international political environment. The landmark event of his transformation was the eighth volume of the New Youth published in September 1920. The transition of Chen Duxiu's journalism thoughts reflected the historical process of Marxist journalism thoughts accepted by Chinese intellectuals and had an impact on the journalism undertakings of the Republic of China. However, one could see that Chen regarded himself as the elite of the time from his journalism thoughts. This did not fade after joining hands with the workers and peasants, which was harmful to his leadership in the CPC's publicity work.
引文
(1)(15)陈独秀著,任建树主编.陈独秀著作选编·第五卷[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2009:60.
(2)(3)(4)(8)(9)(22)(23)陈独秀著,任建树主编.陈独秀著作选编·第一卷[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2009:162,303,160,199,194,84,170.
(5)(10)罗素.西方哲学史·下[M].北京:商务印书馆,1976:337,327.
(6)(18)(25)(26)(27)(30)陈独秀著,任建树主编.陈独秀著作选编·第三卷[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2009:1,550,140,369,70.
(7)(11)(21)(34)(35)(36)陈独秀著,任建树主编.陈独秀著作选编·第二卷[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2009:41,252,257,499,381,399.
(12)钱玄同著,杨天石主编.钱玄同日记(整理本)·上[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2014:338.
(13)陈钟凡.陈仲甫先生印象记(未刊稿).转引自:唐宝林.陈独秀全传[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2013:225.
(14)杨俊,程恩富.共产国际与中国革命[J].中国社会科学,2014(9):165.
(16)张国焘.我的回忆·上[M].北京:东方出版社,2004:96.
(17)陈独秀.独秀文荐[M].合肥:安徽人民出版社,1987.
(19)陈独秀著,任建树主编.陈独秀著作选编·第四卷[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2009:133.
(20)罗家伦主编.国民日日报汇编第2版第1-2集[c].台北:中央文物供应社,1983:3.
(24)“一大”前后:中国共产党第一次代表大会前后资料选编(二)[c].北京:人民出版社,1980:1.
(28)(29)中央档案馆编.中共中央文件选集·第一册[M].北京:中共中央党校出版社,1989:244,245.
(31)郭湛波.近五十年中国思想史[M].济南:山东人民出版社,1997:94.
(32)毛泽东.毛泽东选集·第三卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1996:294.
(33)中国社会科学院近代史研究所中华民国史研究室编.胡适来往书信选·中[C].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2013:600.
(2)(3)(4)(8)(9)(22)(23)陈独秀著,任建树主编.陈独秀著作选编·第一卷[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2009:162,303,160,199,194,84,170.
(5)(10)罗素.西方哲学史·下[M].北京:商务印书馆,1976:337,327.
(6)(18)(25)(26)(27)(30)陈独秀著,任建树主编.陈独秀著作选编·第三卷[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2009:1,550,140,369,70.
(7)(11)(21)(34)(35)(36)陈独秀著,任建树主编.陈独秀著作选编·第二卷[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2009:41,252,257,499,381,399.
(12)钱玄同著,杨天石主编.钱玄同日记(整理本)·上[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2014:338.
(13)陈钟凡.陈仲甫先生印象记(未刊稿).转引自:唐宝林.陈独秀全传[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2013:225.
(14)杨俊,程恩富.共产国际与中国革命[J].中国社会科学,2014(9):165.
(16)张国焘.我的回忆·上[M].北京:东方出版社,2004:96.
(17)陈独秀.独秀文荐[M].合肥:安徽人民出版社,1987.
(19)陈独秀著,任建树主编.陈独秀著作选编·第四卷[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2009:133.
(20)罗家伦主编.国民日日报汇编第2版第1-2集[c].台北:中央文物供应社,1983:3.
(24)“一大”前后:中国共产党第一次代表大会前后资料选编(二)[c].北京:人民出版社,1980:1.
(28)(29)中央档案馆编.中共中央文件选集·第一册[M].北京:中共中央党校出版社,1989:244,245.
(31)郭湛波.近五十年中国思想史[M].济南:山东人民出版社,1997:94.
(32)毛泽东.毛泽东选集·第三卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1996:294.
(33)中国社会科学院近代史研究所中华民国史研究室编.胡适来往书信选·中[C].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2013:600.