范式的革新与伦理性革命——哈特和奈格里生命政治逻辑的布展
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摘要
哈特和奈格里认为,随着当代资本主义从物质生产转向生命政治生产,生产的内容转变为共有性生命形式,生产的时空扩展到整个社会。借用马克思在《共产党宣言》,特别是在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中对共产主义的论述,哈特和奈格里认为生命政治生产的内容与共产主义之间存在亲和性,生命政治生产的新的社会关系就是共产主义,从而将生命政治生产与共产主义发展勾连起来,将当代资本主义的剥削和管控,直接指向了对共产主义因素的剥削和管控。在此基础上,哈特、奈格里认为,作为马克思主义者,要不断彰显和培育这种共产主义因素,就要假设资本主义发展中存在一个断裂,在这一断裂中,将对生命政治剥削和管控引发的诸众的反抗发展为有组织的革命斗争,即从资本控制中出离,构建一个共有性积累与制造诸众的循环,从而向一个基于人的自我管理的共有体即共产主义过渡。这种主张在本质上只不过是一种充满乌托邦色彩的伦理革命。
Hardt and Negri believe that as contemporary capitalism turns from material production to biopolitical production,the content of production is transformed into the common and the form of life,and the time and space of production extends to the whole society. Through Marx's Manifesto of the Communist Party,especially in the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844,Hardt and Negri thought that the content of biopolitical production affinity with communism,and the new social relations of biopolitical production were communism,thus connecting biopolitical production with communism,the exploitation and control of contemporary capitalism directly point to the exploitation and control of communist factors. In this context,as a Marxist,in order to constantly manifest and cultivate this communist factors,we should assume there is a rupture. In this rupture,the opposition to the exploitation and control of biopolitial shoud be developed into a organized revolutionary struggle,that is,exodus from capital control and to build a cycle between the accumunation of the common and making multitude,and transition to a community based on human self-management,that is,communism.
Hardt and Negri believe that as contemporary capitalism turns from material production to biopolitical production,the content of production is transformed into the common and the form of life,and the time and space of production extends to the whole society. Through Marx's Manifesto of the Communist Party,especially in the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844,Hardt and Negri thought that the content of biopolitical production affinity with communism,and the new social relations of biopolitical production were communism,thus connecting biopolitical production with communism,the exploitation and control of contemporary capitalism directly point to the exploitation and control of communist factors. In this context,as a Marxist,in order to constantly manifest and cultivate this communist factors,we should assume there is a rupture. In this rupture,the opposition to the exploitation and control of biopolitial shoud be developed into a organized revolutionary struggle,that is,exodus from capital control and to build a cycle between the accumunation of the common and making multitude,and transition to a community based on human self-management,that is,communism.
引文
(1)(2)(5)(7)(11)(12)(15)(17)(20)(21)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(34)(36)(39)(40)(41)(43)(44)(45)
(46)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri,Commonwealth,Cambridge:The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,2009,p.176,p.60,pp.131-135,p.57,p.140,p.149,pp.113-114,pp.151-152,p.153,p.241,p.240,p.237,p.236,pp.243-244,p.368,p.152,p.164,p.164,pp.172-174,p.351,p.363,p.311,p.363,pp.171-173,p.177,p.361,p.246,p.174,p.176,p.173,pp.309-310,p.289.
(3)(14)Antonio Negri,Marx Beyond Marx:Lessons on the Grundrisse,New York:Pluto Press,1991,p.171,p.106.
(4)Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri,Empire,London:Harvard University Press,2000,p.294.
(6)[法]米歇尔·福柯:《性经验史》,佘碧平译,上海世纪出版集团2005年版,第90-91页。
(8)(9)(16)(42)(53)Michael Hardt,“The Common in Communism”,in Costas Douzinas&Slavo Zizek,The Idea of Communism,London and New York:Verso,2010,p.142,p.143,pp.135-136,pp.143-144,p.141.
(10)参见[英]大卫·哈维《新自由主义简史》,王钦译,上海译文出版社2010年版,第10页;A.Juhasz,“Ambitions of Empire:The Bush Administrition Ecnomic Plan for Iraq(and beyond)”,Left Turn Magazine,12(Feb/Mar.2004),pp.27-32.
(13)Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri,Multitude,New York:The Penguin Press,2004,p.xiv.
(18)(31)(35)(47)Antonio Negri,“Communism:Some Thoughts on the Concept and Practice”,in Costas Douzinas&Slavo Zizek,The Idea of Communism,London and New York:Verso,2010,p.160,p.156,p.161,p.163.
(19)[法]路易·阿尔都塞:《保卫马克思》,顾良译,商务印书馆1984年版,第226页。
(22)《斯宾诺莎文集》第1卷,顾寿观、贺麟译,商务印书馆2017年版,第126-128页。
(32)(33)Antonio Negri,Books for Burning between Civil War and Democracy in 1970s Itaily,Lodon and New York:Verso,2005,p.100,p.99.
(37)金瑶梅:《阿尔都塞及其学派研究》,重庆出版社2010年版,第102页。
(38)参见[法]路易·阿尔都塞、艾蒂安·巴里巴尔:《读〈资本论〉》,李其庆、冯文光译,中央编译出版社2017年版,第15-20页。
(46)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri,Commonwealth,Cambridge:The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,2009,p.176,p.60,pp.131-135,p.57,p.140,p.149,pp.113-114,pp.151-152,p.153,p.241,p.240,p.237,p.236,pp.243-244,p.368,p.152,p.164,p.164,pp.172-174,p.351,p.363,p.311,p.363,pp.171-173,p.177,p.361,p.246,p.174,p.176,p.173,pp.309-310,p.289.
(3)(14)Antonio Negri,Marx Beyond Marx:Lessons on the Grundrisse,New York:Pluto Press,1991,p.171,p.106.
(4)Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri,Empire,London:Harvard University Press,2000,p.294.
(6)[法]米歇尔·福柯:《性经验史》,佘碧平译,上海世纪出版集团2005年版,第90-91页。
(8)(9)(16)(42)(53)Michael Hardt,“The Common in Communism”,in Costas Douzinas&Slavo Zizek,The Idea of Communism,London and New York:Verso,2010,p.142,p.143,pp.135-136,pp.143-144,p.141.
(10)参见[英]大卫·哈维《新自由主义简史》,王钦译,上海译文出版社2010年版,第10页;A.Juhasz,“Ambitions of Empire:The Bush Administrition Ecnomic Plan for Iraq(and beyond)”,Left Turn Magazine,12(Feb/Mar.2004),pp.27-32.
(13)Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri,Multitude,New York:The Penguin Press,2004,p.xiv.
(18)(31)(35)(47)Antonio Negri,“Communism:Some Thoughts on the Concept and Practice”,in Costas Douzinas&Slavo Zizek,The Idea of Communism,London and New York:Verso,2010,p.160,p.156,p.161,p.163.
(19)[法]路易·阿尔都塞:《保卫马克思》,顾良译,商务印书馆1984年版,第226页。
(22)《斯宾诺莎文集》第1卷,顾寿观、贺麟译,商务印书馆2017年版,第126-128页。
(32)(33)Antonio Negri,Books for Burning between Civil War and Democracy in 1970s Itaily,Lodon and New York:Verso,2005,p.100,p.99.
(37)金瑶梅:《阿尔都塞及其学派研究》,重庆出版社2010年版,第102页。
(38)参见[法]路易·阿尔都塞、艾蒂安·巴里巴尔:《读〈资本论〉》,李其庆、冯文光译,中央编译出版社2017年版,第15-20页。