基于FFD与网格重构的飞翼无人机外形优化设计
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摘要
为了使气动优化适应外形大尺度变化和外形高效参数化的需要,将外形高效参数化建模方法(FFD)与适合外形剧烈变化的网格重构方法相结合,对飞翼无人机外形完成了气动优化设计。外形参数化建模采用自由变形法(FFD),网格生成基于贴体笛卡儿自动网格重构技术,通过优化设计使飞翼无人机的气动性能得到了有效提升,布局升阻比增加了7.9%。优化结果表明,基于该技术的气动优化设计方法对大尺度变化外形具有良好的适应性。
In order to suit the needs of large scale changes and high efficiency parameterization of aircraft shape in aerodynamic optimization, the high efficiency parameterized modeling method of Free-Form Deformation(FFD) was combined with the grid reconstruction method, which adapted to drastic changes in shape. Then the aerodynamic configuration optimization for the flying-wing UAV vehicle was conducted. The shape parameterized modeling was based on FFD technology, mesh generation was based on the Cartesian automatic grid reconstruction technology. The aerodynamic performance of the flying-wing UAV is effectively enhanced through the design optimization, and the lift-to-drag ratio of the optimum design is increased 7.9% compared to the original one. The optimization results show that the aerodynamic design optimization method based on this technique has good flexibility to large scale variation of shape.
In order to suit the needs of large scale changes and high efficiency parameterization of aircraft shape in aerodynamic optimization, the high efficiency parameterized modeling method of Free-Form Deformation(FFD) was combined with the grid reconstruction method, which adapted to drastic changes in shape. Then the aerodynamic configuration optimization for the flying-wing UAV vehicle was conducted. The shape parameterized modeling was based on FFD technology, mesh generation was based on the Cartesian automatic grid reconstruction technology. The aerodynamic performance of the flying-wing UAV is effectively enhanced through the design optimization, and the lift-to-drag ratio of the optimum design is increased 7.9% compared to the original one. The optimization results show that the aerodynamic design optimization method based on this technique has good flexibility to large scale variation of shape.
引文
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[2]朱心雄.自由曲线曲面造型技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.Zhu Xinxiong.The modeling technology of free curve and surface[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000.(in Chinese)
[3]Kulfan B M,Bussoletti J E“.Fundamental”parametric geometry representations for aircraft component shapes[R].AIAA 2006-6948,2006.
[4]湛岚,余雄庆,沈琼.大型客机概念设计的外形参数化CAD模型[J].计算机工程与设计,2009,30(16):3887-3890.Zhan Lan,Yu Xiongqing,Shen Qiong.Parametric CAD model of aircraft configuration for civil jets conceptual design[J].Computer Engineering and Design,2009,30(16):3887-3890.(in Chinese)
[5]王元元,张彬乾,陈真利.离散网格点FFD技术在飞行器优化设计中的应用[J].气体物理,2013,8(2):45-50.Wang Yuanyuan,Zhang Binqian,Chen Zhenli.Application of discrete grid FFD technology on optimization design for aircrafts[J].Physics of Gases,2013,8(2):45-50.(in Chinese)
[6]徐家宽,白俊强,黄江涛,等.考虑螺旋桨滑流影响的机翼气动优化设计[J].航空学报,2014,35(11):2910-2920.Xu Jiakuan,Bai Junqiang,Huang Jiangtao,et al.Aerodynamic optimization design of wing under the interaction of propeller slipstream[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2014,35(11):2910-2920.(in Chinese)
[7]李彬,邓有奇,唐静,等.基于三维非结构混合网格的离散伴随优化方法[J].航空学报,2014,35(3):674-686.Li Bin,Deng Youqi,Tang Jing,et al.Discrete adjoint optimization method for 3D unstructured grid[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2014,35(3):674-686(.in Chinese)
[8]Lamousin H J,Waggenspack W N.NURBS-based free-form deformations[J].Computer Graphics and Applicalions,1994,14(6):59-65.
[9]孙家广.计算机图形学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998.Sun Jiaguang.Computer graphics[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1998.(in Chinese)
[10]王荣,闫溟,白鹏,等.飞翼无人机平面外形气动隐身优化设计研究[J].航空学报,2017,38(S1):721532.Wang Rong,Yan Min,Bai Peng,et al.Optimization design of aerodynamics and stealth for a flying-wing UAV planform[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2017,38(S1):721532.(in Chinese)
[11]鲍君波,王刚林,武哲.飞翼布局气动方案优选和试验验证[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2012,38(2):180-184.Bao Junbo,Wang Ganglin,Wu Zhe.Optimization and experimental verification for aerodynamic scheme of flyingwing[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2012,38(2):180-184.(in Chinese)
[12]Wang Z J,Kumar S.Complex dirty geometry handling with an interior-to-boundary grid generation method[R].AIAA 2001-2538,2001.
[13]黄明恪,陈红全.用非结构直角网格和欧拉方程计算运载火箭绕流[J].宇航学报,2002,23(5):66-71.Huang Mingke,Chen Hongquan.Computation of the flow past launch vehicle usipg unstructured cartesian grid and euler equations[J].Journal of Astronautics,2002,23(5):66-71.(in Chinese)
[14]刘周,周伟江.适于黏性计算的自适应笛卡儿网格生成及其应用[J].航空学报,2009,30(12):2280-2287.Liu Zhou,Zhou Weijiang.Adaptive viscous cartesian grid generation and application[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2009,30(12):2280-2287.
[15]Menter F R.Two equation eddy viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications[J].AIAA Journal,1994,32:1598-1605.
[16]Roe P.Approximate riemann solvers,parameter vectors,and difference schemes[J].Journal of Computational Physics,1981,43:357-372.