汽车座椅头枕强制性试验影响因素分析
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摘要
详细分析了目前汽车座椅头枕的两项国家强制性法规试验项目:对于头枕吸能试验,找出影响试验结果的主要因素,并分析每种因素影响机理;对头枕静强度试验进行分析,将试验过程划分为3个典型阶段,详细阐述了每个阶段的形成过程以及影响试验结果的因素,在大量试验的基础上,列举了试验中出现的若干种典型曲线,并进行了原因分析。所得结论可以更有针对性的改进座椅头枕及座椅结构,也可为工程师在产品设计阶段和试验结果分析上提供有价值的参考。
Two national mandatory regulatory test items about seat headrest are investigated in detail. For the energy dissipation test, main factors which influent test results are listed, and the influence mechanism of each factor is analyzed. For the static strength test, test curves are obtained and analyzed; the test process is divided into three typical phases, the formation process of each phase and main factors which influent test results are demonstrated in detail. Several typical test curves are listed based on a great quantity of tests, the formation causes of the typical test curves are analyzed. The analysis conclusions above can improve structural desgin of seat and seat headrest, also can provide valuable reference for engineers in design phase of product and test result analysis.
Two national mandatory regulatory test items about seat headrest are investigated in detail. For the energy dissipation test, main factors which influent test results are listed, and the influence mechanism of each factor is analyzed. For the static strength test, test curves are obtained and analyzed; the test process is divided into three typical phases, the formation process of each phase and main factors which influent test results are demonstrated in detail. Several typical test curves are listed based on a great quantity of tests, the formation causes of the typical test curves are analyzed. The analysis conclusions above can improve structural desgin of seat and seat headrest, also can provide valuable reference for engineers in design phase of product and test result analysis.
引文
[1] 赵波,范平清,沈涛.轿车座椅主动式头枕吸能性分析[J].机械设计与制造,2010,(3):115-117Zhao B,Fan P Q,Shen T.Energy absorption performance analysis of car seat active headrest[J].Machinery Design & Manufacture,2010,(3):115-117 (in Chinese)
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[8] 金晓萍,袁向科,王波,等.汽车泡沫坐垫舒适性的客观评价方法[J].汽车工程,2012,34(6):551-555,565Jin X P,Yuan X K,Wang B,et al.An objective evaluation method for the comfort of foam cushion in vehicle seat[J].Automotive Engineering,2012,34(6):551-555,565 (in Chinese)
[9] 张君媛,黄炫,田迪斯,等.汽车正撞时后排座椅安全性的CAE分析与改进设计[J].汽车工程,2011,33(9):767-771Zhang J Y,Huang X,Tian D S,et al.CAE analysis and design modification for rear seat safety during vehicle frontal crash[J].Automotive Engineering,2011,33(9):767-771 (in Chinese)
[10] 单辉祖.材料力学[M].4版.北京:高等教育出版社,2016Shan H Z.Mechanics materials[M].4th ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2016 (in Chinese)
[11] 付大成,陈道炯,马超.座椅骨架静强度分析方法[J].计算机仿真,2011,28(8):306-309Fu D C,Chen D J,Ma C.Analysis method of seat frame static strength[J].Computer Simulation,2011,28(8):306-309 (in Chinese)
[12] 王宏雁,张丹.汽车座椅有限元建模与计算[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2004,32(7):947-951Wang H Y,Zhang D.Modeling and simulation with finite element method in vehicle seats[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science,2004,32(7):947-951 (in Chinese)
[13] 付奇.基于有限元方法的汽车座椅静强度和结构优化[D].长春:吉林大学,2004Fu Q.Study on Static strength of seat structure and structure optimization by FEM[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2004 (in Chinese)
[14] 王乾廷,刘琼.坐姿力分布在汽车座椅骨架靠背设计中的应用[J].机械设计与研究,2009,25(4):96-97,115Wang Q T,Liu Q.Application of sitting posture mechanic distribution in the vehicle stamped back design for separated frame of passenger seat[J].Machine Design and Research,2009,25(4):96-97,115 (in Chinese)
[15] 赵礼辉,杨乾慧,黄虎.汽车座椅调角器结构强度分析及改进设计[J].机械设计与制造,2012,(2):122-124Zhao L H,Yang G H,Huang H.Strength analysis and improvement design for structure of car seat recliner[J].Machinery Design & Manufacture,2012,(2):122-124 (in Chinese)
[16] 金景旭,宋学伟,黄炫,等.汽车座椅头枕和调角器匹配对挥鞭伤影响研究[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2013,34(10):1280-1286Jin J X,Song X W,Huang X,et al.Effects of combinations of car seat headrest and recliner parameters on whiplash injury[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2013,34(10):1280-1286 (in Chinese)
[2] 范平清,宋新萍,赵波.汽车座椅头枕的冲击性能研究[J].机械设计与制造,2011,(3):118-120Fan P Q,Song X P,Zhao B.The analysis on impact capability of seat headrest for automobile[J].Machinery Design & Manufacture,2011,(3):118-120 (in Chinese)
[3] 吴瑜.汽车驾驶员座椅强度及安全性分析[D].重庆:重庆大学,2010Wu Y.Analysis of strength and safety for driver′s seat of automobile[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2010 (in Chinese)
[4] 段昀辉.汽车座椅静强度改进设计及头枕安全性分析[D].长春:吉林大学,2004Duan Y H.Static strength amelioration of automobile seat and study on head restrain safety[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2004 (in Chinese)
[5] Hong S J,Choi H Y.Effects of head restraint and vehicle damage severity on neck injury risk[J].International Journal of Automotive Technology,2009,10(3):347-353
[6] 张华,管东波,林琳,等.汽车座椅泡沫聚氨酯发泡成型缺陷试验研究[J].工程与试验,2009,49(2):40-42,60Zhang H,Guan D B,Lin L,et al.Testing study on the defects of polyurethane foam molding of automobile seat[J].Engineering & Test,2009,49(2):40-42,60 (in Chinese)
[7] 张海波,孙金坤,谭立伟,等.聚氨酯泡沫塑料吸能特性研究[J].材料科学与工程学报,2004,22(1):117-120Zhang H B,Sun J K,Tan L W,et al.Study of engergy-absorbin properties of polyurethane plastic foam[J].Journal of Materials Science & Engineering,2004,22(1):117-120 (in Chinese)
[8] 金晓萍,袁向科,王波,等.汽车泡沫坐垫舒适性的客观评价方法[J].汽车工程,2012,34(6):551-555,565Jin X P,Yuan X K,Wang B,et al.An objective evaluation method for the comfort of foam cushion in vehicle seat[J].Automotive Engineering,2012,34(6):551-555,565 (in Chinese)
[9] 张君媛,黄炫,田迪斯,等.汽车正撞时后排座椅安全性的CAE分析与改进设计[J].汽车工程,2011,33(9):767-771Zhang J Y,Huang X,Tian D S,et al.CAE analysis and design modification for rear seat safety during vehicle frontal crash[J].Automotive Engineering,2011,33(9):767-771 (in Chinese)
[10] 单辉祖.材料力学[M].4版.北京:高等教育出版社,2016Shan H Z.Mechanics materials[M].4th ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2016 (in Chinese)
[11] 付大成,陈道炯,马超.座椅骨架静强度分析方法[J].计算机仿真,2011,28(8):306-309Fu D C,Chen D J,Ma C.Analysis method of seat frame static strength[J].Computer Simulation,2011,28(8):306-309 (in Chinese)
[12] 王宏雁,张丹.汽车座椅有限元建模与计算[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2004,32(7):947-951Wang H Y,Zhang D.Modeling and simulation with finite element method in vehicle seats[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science,2004,32(7):947-951 (in Chinese)
[13] 付奇.基于有限元方法的汽车座椅静强度和结构优化[D].长春:吉林大学,2004Fu Q.Study on Static strength of seat structure and structure optimization by FEM[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2004 (in Chinese)
[14] 王乾廷,刘琼.坐姿力分布在汽车座椅骨架靠背设计中的应用[J].机械设计与研究,2009,25(4):96-97,115Wang Q T,Liu Q.Application of sitting posture mechanic distribution in the vehicle stamped back design for separated frame of passenger seat[J].Machine Design and Research,2009,25(4):96-97,115 (in Chinese)
[15] 赵礼辉,杨乾慧,黄虎.汽车座椅调角器结构强度分析及改进设计[J].机械设计与制造,2012,(2):122-124Zhao L H,Yang G H,Huang H.Strength analysis and improvement design for structure of car seat recliner[J].Machinery Design & Manufacture,2012,(2):122-124 (in Chinese)
[16] 金景旭,宋学伟,黄炫,等.汽车座椅头枕和调角器匹配对挥鞭伤影响研究[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2013,34(10):1280-1286Jin J X,Song X W,Huang X,et al.Effects of combinations of car seat headrest and recliner parameters on whiplash injury[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2013,34(10):1280-1286 (in Chinese)