自闭症儿童家长亲职压力及其心理需求的关系研究
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摘要
目的:研究自闭症儿童家长亲职压力及与其心理需求的关系,为减轻其压力水平提供参考依据。方法:使用简式亲职压力量表、基本心理需求量表对成都地区119名家长进行问卷调查。结果:不同身份、受教育程度、就业状况、家庭月收入的自闭症儿童家长的亲职压力存在显著差异;家长的亲职压力与其心理需求的满足程度呈显著负相关;控制受教育程度、家庭月收入后,自闭症儿童家长的胜任需求对亲职压力以及其亲职愁苦、亲子互动失调有负向预测作用;自主需求对亲职压力和亲职愁苦维度有负向预测作用。结论:自闭症儿童家长的亲职压力处于较高水平,与其心理需求有关。满足家长的自主需求和胜任需求,有助于减轻其亲职压力水平。
This study aims to probe into the relationship between autistic children's parents' parenting stress and their psychological needs,by using the Parenting Stress Index( short form) and the Basic Psychological Needs Scale to test 119 parents of autistic children from Chengdu,Sichuan Province. The results show the following: The autistic children's parents showed significant difference in their parenting stress in terms of social status,educational backgrounds,employment,and family income; there was a significantly negative difference between their parenting stress and psychological needs; with their educational backgrounds and family income controlled,their competence needs helped negatively predict their parenting stress,parenting distress and dysfunctional parent-child interactions; and autonomy needs helped negatively predict their parenting stress and parenting distress. The study concludes that autistic children's parents show a high level of parenting stress,which is correlated with their psychological needs,and that catering to their autonomy needs and competence needs helps to relieve their parenting stress.
This study aims to probe into the relationship between autistic children's parents' parenting stress and their psychological needs,by using the Parenting Stress Index( short form) and the Basic Psychological Needs Scale to test 119 parents of autistic children from Chengdu,Sichuan Province. The results show the following: The autistic children's parents showed significant difference in their parenting stress in terms of social status,educational backgrounds,employment,and family income; there was a significantly negative difference between their parenting stress and psychological needs; with their educational backgrounds and family income controlled,their competence needs helped negatively predict their parenting stress,parenting distress and dysfunctional parent-child interactions; and autonomy needs helped negatively predict their parenting stress and parenting distress. The study concludes that autistic children's parents show a high level of parenting stress,which is correlated with their psychological needs,and that catering to their autonomy needs and competence needs helps to relieve their parenting stress.
引文
1 Pisula E.A comparative study of stress profiles in mothers of children with autism and those of children with down's syndrome.Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities,2007,20(3):274-278
2 Abidin R R.The determinants of parenting behavior.Journal of Clinical Child Psychology,1992,21(4):407-412
3 Hastings R P,Kovshoff H,Ward N J,et al.Systems analysis of stress and positive perceptions in mothers and fathers of pre-school children with autism.Journal of Autism&Developmental Disorders,2005,35(5):635-644
4 21秦秀群,苏小茵,高玲玲.孤独症儿童父母的亲职压力调查研究.中华护理杂志,2008,43(10):629-633
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6 Ryan R M,Deci E L.Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation,social development,and well-being.American Psychologist,2000,55(1):68-78
7 黄辛隐,张锐,邢延清.71例自闭症儿童的家庭需求及发展支持调查.中国特殊教育,2009,(11):43-47
8 禤健蓉.孤独症患儿父母心理需求的调查分析.中国实用护理杂志,2007,23(6):53-54
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10 刘慧丽,邹广万.我国自闭症儿童家长需求及社会支持研究综述.现代特殊教育,2015,(4):9-13
11 20郭德华,邓学易,赵琦.孤独症家长需求分析与对策建议.残疾人研究,2014,(2):43-48
12 18项明强,胡耿丹.基于自我决定理论的健康行为干预模式.中国健康教育,2010,26(4):306-309
13 16任文香.幼儿母亲亲职压力,因应策略与亲子关系满意之关系研究.硕士学位论文.台湾:台湾师范大学家政教育研究所.1995
14 刘俊升,林丽玲,吕媛.基本心理需求量表中文版的信、效度初步检验.中国心理卫生杂志,2013,27(10):791-795
15 杜霜霜.中国城市老年人压力源的研究.硕士论文.山东:山东大学,2013
17 秦秀群,唐春,朱顺叶.孤独症儿童母亲的亲职压力及相关因素研究.中国心理卫生杂志,2009,23(9):629-633
19 林桦.自我决定理论研究.硕士论文.湖南:湖南师范大学,2008
2 Abidin R R.The determinants of parenting behavior.Journal of Clinical Child Psychology,1992,21(4):407-412
3 Hastings R P,Kovshoff H,Ward N J,et al.Systems analysis of stress and positive perceptions in mothers and fathers of pre-school children with autism.Journal of Autism&Developmental Disorders,2005,35(5):635-644
4 21秦秀群,苏小茵,高玲玲.孤独症儿童父母的亲职压力调查研究.中华护理杂志,2008,43(10):629-633
5 Baker B L,Blacher J,Crnic K A,et al.Behaviour problems and parenting stress in families of 3 year old children with and without developmental delays.American Journal of Mental Retardation,2002,107(6):433-444
6 Ryan R M,Deci E L.Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation,social development,and well-being.American Psychologist,2000,55(1):68-78
7 黄辛隐,张锐,邢延清.71例自闭症儿童的家庭需求及发展支持调查.中国特殊教育,2009,(11):43-47
8 禤健蓉.孤独症患儿父母心理需求的调查分析.中国实用护理杂志,2007,23(6):53-54
9 林云强,秦旻,张福娟.重庆市康复机构中自闭症儿童家长需求的研究.中国特殊教育,2007,(12):51-57
10 刘慧丽,邹广万.我国自闭症儿童家长需求及社会支持研究综述.现代特殊教育,2015,(4):9-13
11 20郭德华,邓学易,赵琦.孤独症家长需求分析与对策建议.残疾人研究,2014,(2):43-48
12 18项明强,胡耿丹.基于自我决定理论的健康行为干预模式.中国健康教育,2010,26(4):306-309
13 16任文香.幼儿母亲亲职压力,因应策略与亲子关系满意之关系研究.硕士学位论文.台湾:台湾师范大学家政教育研究所.1995
14 刘俊升,林丽玲,吕媛.基本心理需求量表中文版的信、效度初步检验.中国心理卫生杂志,2013,27(10):791-795
15 杜霜霜.中国城市老年人压力源的研究.硕士论文.山东:山东大学,2013
17 秦秀群,唐春,朱顺叶.孤独症儿童母亲的亲职压力及相关因素研究.中国心理卫生杂志,2009,23(9):629-633
19 林桦.自我决定理论研究.硕士论文.湖南:湖南师范大学,2008