东北春大豆品种东生1号对臭氧胁迫的响应
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摘要
采用开顶式气室(OTCs)方法,研究了不同臭氧(O3)浓度处理对春大豆品种"东生1号"的影响,主要包括产量与产量构成因子,叶片与籽粒碳、氮元素与碳氮比、盛花期叶片气体交换速率、叶绿素荧光参数与光合色素含量变化.试验设置3个臭氧水平:过滤大气(CFA,10 nL·L-1)、自然大气(NFA)与自然大气添加40 nL·L-1(NFA+O3).结果表明,经过一个生长季处理(AOT40值累积为10.6μL·L-1·h),与CFA相比,NFA处理东生1号大豆单株产量与百粒重降低4.5%、4%,而NFA+O3处理分别显著降低34%、18%(P<0.05),而处理间株高、主茎节数、单株荚数与每荚粒数均无显著变化.鼓粒期NFA+O3处理叶片C、N元素含量分别显著增加3%、26%,碳氮比则显著降低18%.CFA与NFA相比,NFA+O3显著降低盛花期大豆叶片净光合速率(Asat)、气孔导度(gs)、水分利用效率(WUE)、开放的光系统反应中心激发能捕获效率(F'v/F'm)和作用光下光系统Ⅱ的实际量子效率(ΦPSⅡ),而胞间CO2浓度(ci)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)和光合色素含量则无显著变化.结果表明,O3浓度升高导致东生1号单株产量下降的主要原因是其显著降低百粒重、净光合速率和电子传递效率.
Soybean cultivar Dongsheng No. 1 [Glycine max( L.) Mer.]was exposed to charcoal-filtered air( CFA),non-filtered air( NFA) and non-filtered air with ozone addition( NFA + O3) in nine open-top chambers. Individual yield and yield components at maturity,C,N concentration in leaf and seed,gas exchange,chlorophyll a fluorescence and pigments content at the full bloom stage were measured with an AOT40 value of 10. 6 μL·L- 1·h during the growing season. Compared to CFA,NFA reduced individual yield and 100-seed weight by 4. 5% and 4% respectivley,while NFA + O3treatment significantly reduced each of them by 34% and 18%. However,plant height,node numbers of main stem,pods per plant and number of seeds per pod remained unchanged by O3addition. Leaf C,N concentrations at the seed filling stage under NFA + O3also significantly increased by 3% and 26%,respectively,while the CN ratio significantly decreased by 18%. Moreover,compared to CFA and NFA,NFA + O3caused significant reductions in the photosynthetic parameters at the full bloom stage,e. g. significant declines in net photosynthetic rates,stomatal conductance,water use efficiency,fluorescence parameters of F'v/ F'mand ΦPSⅡ. It is proposed that lower photosynthetic rates,reduced photochemical efficiency in PSⅡ and the decline in 100-seed weight might be the main reasons contributing to the lower individual yield of soybean plant by elevated O3.
Soybean cultivar Dongsheng No. 1 [Glycine max( L.) Mer.]was exposed to charcoal-filtered air( CFA),non-filtered air( NFA) and non-filtered air with ozone addition( NFA + O3) in nine open-top chambers. Individual yield and yield components at maturity,C,N concentration in leaf and seed,gas exchange,chlorophyll a fluorescence and pigments content at the full bloom stage were measured with an AOT40 value of 10. 6 μL·L- 1·h during the growing season. Compared to CFA,NFA reduced individual yield and 100-seed weight by 4. 5% and 4% respectivley,while NFA + O3treatment significantly reduced each of them by 34% and 18%. However,plant height,node numbers of main stem,pods per plant and number of seeds per pod remained unchanged by O3addition. Leaf C,N concentrations at the seed filling stage under NFA + O3also significantly increased by 3% and 26%,respectively,while the CN ratio significantly decreased by 18%. Moreover,compared to CFA and NFA,NFA + O3caused significant reductions in the photosynthetic parameters at the full bloom stage,e. g. significant declines in net photosynthetic rates,stomatal conductance,water use efficiency,fluorescence parameters of F'v/ F'mand ΦPSⅡ. It is proposed that lower photosynthetic rates,reduced photochemical efficiency in PSⅡ and the decline in 100-seed weight might be the main reasons contributing to the lower individual yield of soybean plant by elevated O3.
引文
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[34]郑有飞,刘瑞娜,吴荣军,等.地表臭氧胁迫对大豆干物质生产和分配的影响[J].中国农业气象,2011,32(1):73-80.
[35]McKee I F,Eiblmeier M,Polle A.Enhanced ozone-tolerance in wheat grown at an elevated CO2concentration:ozone exclusion and detoxification[J].New Phytologist,1997,137(2):275-284.
[2]IPCC.Climate change 2007:the physical science basis.Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,2007.
[3]Sitch S,Cox P,Collins W,et al.Indirect radiative forcing of climate change through ozone effects on the land-carbon sink[J].Nature,2007,448(7155):791-794.
[4]徐晓斌,林伟立.卫星观测的中国地区1979~2005年对流层臭氧变化趋势[J].气候变化研究进展,2010,6(2):100-105.
[5]崔继菊.辽中地区臭氧浓度特征及影响因素研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2008.
[6]US Environmental Protection Agency,Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards,Research Triangle Park.Air quality criteria for ozone and related photochemical oxidants[R].Vol.NC.US EPA Report No.EPA600/P-93/004bF.Washington DC,1996.
[7]FAO-UN.FAO trade yearbook[M].Rome:Publishing Management Service Information Division FAO,2002.
[8]Morgan P B,Bernacchi C J,Ort D R,et al.An in vivo analysis of the effect of season-long open-air elevation of ozone to anticipated 2050 levels on photosynthesis in soybean[J].Plant Physiology,2004,135(4):2348-2357.
[9]王春乙,白月明,温民,等.CO2和O3浓度倍增及复合效应对大豆生长和产量的影响[J].环境科学,2004,25(6):6-10.
[10]Betzelberger A M,Gillespie K M,Mcgrath J M,et al.Effects of chronic elevated ozone concentration on antioxidant capacity,photosynthesis and seed yield of 10 soybean cultivars[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,2010,33(9):1569-1581.
[11]张巍巍,牛俊峰,王效科,等.大气臭氧浓度增加对湿地松幼苗的影响[J].环境科学,2011,32(6):1710-1716.
[12]Lichtenthaler H K.Chlorophylls and carotenoids-pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes[J].Methods in Enzymology,1987,148:350-382.
[13]Ashmore M R.Effects of oxidants at the whole plant and community level[M].UK Chichester:John Wiley,2002.89-118.
[14]Fuhrer J,Skarby L,Ashmore M R.Critical levels for ozone effects on vegetation in Europe[J].Environmental Pollution,1997,97(1-2):91-106.
[15]Avnery S,Mauzerall D L,Liu J F,et al.Global crop yield reductions due to surface ozone exposure:2.Year 2030 potential crop production losses and economic damage under two scenarios of O3pollution[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45:2297-2309.
[16]Feng Z W,Jin M H,Zhang F Z,et al.Effects of ground-level ozone(O3)pollution on the yield of rice and winter wheat in the Yangtze River Delta[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2003,15(3):360-362.
[17]姚芳芳,王效科,逯非,等.臭氧对农业生态系统影响的综合评估:以长江三角洲为例[J].生态毒理学报,2008,3(2):189-195.
[18]Long S P,Ainsworth E A,Leakey A D B,et al.Global food insecurity.Treatment of major food crops with elevated carbon dioxide or ozone under large-scale fully open-air conditions suggests recent models may have overestimated future yields[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,2005,360(1463):2011-2020.
[19]Emberson L D,Büker P,Ashmore M,et al.A comparison of North American and Asian exposure-response data for ozone effects on crop yields[J].Atmospheric Environment,2009,43(12):1945-1953.
[20]Morgan P B,Mies T A,Bollero G A,et al.Season-long elevation of ozone concentration to projected 2050 levels under fully open-air conditions substantially decreases the growth and production of soybean[J].New Phytologist,2006,170(2):333-343.
[21]李彩虹,李勇,乌云塔娜,等.高浓度臭氧对大豆生长发育及产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(9):2347-2352.
[22]战丽杰.臭氧胁迫下硅对大豆生理生态影响的研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2012.
[23]Krupa S V,Kickert R N.The greenhouse effect:impacts of ultraviolet-B(UV-B)radiation,carbon dioxide(CO2),and ozone(O3)on vegetation[J].Environmental Pollution,1989,61(4):263-393.
[24]Emberson L D,Ashmore M R,Cambridge H M,et al.Modelling stomatal ozone flux across Europe[J].Environmental Pollution,2000,109(3):403-413.
[25]Feng Z Z,Pang J,Kobayashi K,et al.Differential responses in two varieties of winter wheat to elevated ozone concentration under fully open-air field conditions[J].Global Change Biology,2011,17(1):580-591.
[26]Grulke N E,Neufeld H S,Davison A W,et al.Stomatal behavior of ozone-sensitive and-insensitive coneflowers(Rudbeckia laciniata var.digitata)in Great Smoky Mountains National Park[J].New Phytologist,2007,173(1):100-109.
[27]Morgan P B,Ainsworth,E A,Long S P.How does elevated ozone impact soybean?A meta-analysis of photosynthesis,growth and yield[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,2003,26(8):1317-1328.
[28]金东艳,赵天宏,付宇,等.臭氧浓度升高对大豆光合作用及产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2009,28(4):632-635.
[29]Farquhar G D,Sharkey T D.Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1982,33(1):317-345.
[30]郑有飞,徐卫民,吴荣军,等.地表臭氧浓度增加和UV-B辐射增强及其复合处理对大豆光合特性的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(8):2515-2524.
[31]郑飞翔,王效科,侯培强,等.臭氧胁迫对水稻生长以及C、N、S元素分配的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(6):1479-1486.
[32]Pleijel H,Danielsson H,Gelang J,et al.Growth stage dependence of the grain yield response to ozone in spring wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,1998,70(1):61-68.
[33]郭建平,王春乙,温民,等.大气中O3浓度变化对水稻影响的试验研究[J].作物学报,2001,27(6):822-826
[34]郑有飞,刘瑞娜,吴荣军,等.地表臭氧胁迫对大豆干物质生产和分配的影响[J].中国农业气象,2011,32(1):73-80.
[35]McKee I F,Eiblmeier M,Polle A.Enhanced ozone-tolerance in wheat grown at an elevated CO2concentration:ozone exclusion and detoxification[J].New Phytologist,1997,137(2):275-284.