全球平均经圈环流的基本特征及其与臭氧关系研究
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摘要
本文利用1957年9月到2002年8月,共540个月的ERA-40的经向风和臭氧质量混合比月平均资料,分析研究了平均经圈环流(MMC)和Hadley环流强弱特征变化及其与臭氧变化的关系。分析指出:(1)平均经圈环流与臭氧分布在垂直方向上有很好的对应和相关关系,平均经圈环流是形成臭氧水平、垂直的气候平均态分布,季节变化,年代际变化的重要因素;(2)垂直方向上北半球臭氧浓度的变化比南半球的变化更明显;(3)典型相关分析表明平均经圈环流与臭氧浓度变化在不同的高度和纬度上有不同的相关关系,臭氧与Hadley和Ferrel环流存在密切的相关关系,特别是Hadley环流,这表明Hadley环流在全球大气臭氧的变化中起重要作用。
The correlativity of mean meridional circulation (MMC)-ozone and the evolving relationship between Hadley circulation character and ozone are presented in this paper. Analysis on the basis of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-40 meridional wind and ozone mass mixing ratio month averaged global data for 540 months from September 1957 to August 2002 revealed that correspondence and correlativity between MMC and ozone are strong in the vertical direction. MMC is a major factor in the formation of the average state distribution of horizontal and vertical ozone and seasonal and interdecadal change. In addition, the change in ozone concentration over the Northern Hemisphere in the vertical direction is more obvious than that in the Southern Hemisphere. Moreover, correlativity differs between MMC and ozone concentration at various altitudes and latitudes. Such close correlativity between ozone and Hadley circulation indicates that Hadley circulation plays an important role in global atmospheric ozone changes.
The correlativity of mean meridional circulation (MMC)-ozone and the evolving relationship between Hadley circulation character and ozone are presented in this paper. Analysis on the basis of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-40 meridional wind and ozone mass mixing ratio month averaged global data for 540 months from September 1957 to August 2002 revealed that correspondence and correlativity between MMC and ozone are strong in the vertical direction. MMC is a major factor in the formation of the average state distribution of horizontal and vertical ozone and seasonal and interdecadal change. In addition, the change in ozone concentration over the Northern Hemisphere in the vertical direction is more obvious than that in the Southern Hemisphere. Moreover, correlativity differs between MMC and ozone concentration at various altitudes and latitudes. Such close correlativity between ozone and Hadley circulation indicates that Hadley circulation plays an important role in global atmospheric ozone changes.
引文
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陈洪滨,卞建春,吕达仁.2006.上对流层下平流层交换过程研究的进展与展望[J].大气科学,30(5):813–820.Chen Hongbin,Bian Jianchun,LüDaren.Advances and prospects in the study of stratosphere–troposphere exchange[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(inChinese),30(5):813–820.
郭世昌,戴敏,李琼,等.2008a.冬季Hadley环流活动与大气臭氧变化的关系研究[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),30(2):148–154.GuoShichang,Dai Min,Li Qiong,et al.2008a.Activity of the Hadleycirculation and its correlations with the atmospheric ozone variationduring the winter season[J].Journal of Yunnan University(NaturalSciences Edition)(in Chinese),30(2):143–154.
郭世昌,李琼,戴敏,等.2008b.Hadley环流上升支特征及其与东亚臭氧变化的关系[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),30(3):269–275.Guo Shichang,Li Qiong,Dai Min,et al.2008b.Features of Hadleycirculation ascending branch and its relation to the variation of ozone inEast Asia[J].Journal of Yunnan University(Natural Sciences Edition)(inChinese),30(3):269–275.
Hou A Y.1998.Hadley circulation as a modulator of the extratropicalclimate[J].J.Atmos.Sci.,55(14):2437–2457.
Hou A Y,Molod A.1995.Modulation of dynamic heating in the winterextratropics associated with the cross-equatorial Hadley circulation[J].J.Atmos.Sci.,52(15):2609–2626.
Lau N C.1997.Interactions between global SST anomalies and the mid-latitude atmospheric circulation[J].Bull.Amer.Meteor.Soc.,78:21–33.
洛伦茨E N.1976.大气环流的性质和理论[M].北京:科学出版社.Loreog E N,1976.The Nature and Theory of the General Circulation ofAtmosphere(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Science Press.
Oort A H,Peixóto J P.1983.Global angular momentum and energy balancerequirements from observations[J].Advances in Geophysics,25:355–490.
秦育婧,王盘兴,管兆勇,等.2006.两种再分析资料的Hadley环流比较[J].科学通报,51(12):1469–1473.Qin yujing,Wang Panxing,Guan Zhaoyong,et al.2006.Differences of Hadley cells between two different reanalysis data[J].Chinese Science Bulletin(in Chinese),51(12):1469–1473.
吴国雄,Tibaldi S.1988.平均经圈环流在大气角动量和感热收支中的作用[J].大气科学,12(1):8–17.Wu Guoxiong,Tibaldi S.1988.Rolesof the mean meridional circulation in atmospheric budgets of angularmomentum and sensible heat[J].Chinese Journal of AtmosphericSciences(Scientia Atmospherica Sinica)(in Chinese),12(1):8–17.
Yang H J,Liu Z Y.2005.Tropical–extratropical climate interaction asrevealed in idealized coupled climate model experiments[J].ClimateDyn.,24:863–879.
杨健,吕达仁.2003.平流层—对流层交换研究进展[J].地球科学进展,18(3):380–385.Yang Jian,LüDaren.2003.Progresses in the study ofstratosphere-troposphere exchange[J].Advance in Earth Sciences(inChinese),18(3):380–385.
叶笃正,朱抱真.1958.大气环流的若干基本问题[M].北京:科学出版社.Ye Duzheng,Zhu Baozhen.1958.A Number of Basic Problems ofAtmospheric Circulation(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Science Press.
Zhou B T,Wang H J.2006.Relationship between the boreal spring Hadleycirculation and the summer precipitation in the Yangtze River valley[J].J.Geophys.Res.,111:D16109,doi:10.1029/2005JD007006.
陈洪滨,卞建春,吕达仁.2006.上对流层下平流层交换过程研究的进展与展望[J].大气科学,30(5):813–820.Chen Hongbin,Bian Jianchun,LüDaren.Advances and prospects in the study of stratosphere–troposphere exchange[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(inChinese),30(5):813–820.
郭世昌,戴敏,李琼,等.2008a.冬季Hadley环流活动与大气臭氧变化的关系研究[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),30(2):148–154.GuoShichang,Dai Min,Li Qiong,et al.2008a.Activity of the Hadleycirculation and its correlations with the atmospheric ozone variationduring the winter season[J].Journal of Yunnan University(NaturalSciences Edition)(in Chinese),30(2):143–154.
郭世昌,李琼,戴敏,等.2008b.Hadley环流上升支特征及其与东亚臭氧变化的关系[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),30(3):269–275.Guo Shichang,Li Qiong,Dai Min,et al.2008b.Features of Hadleycirculation ascending branch and its relation to the variation of ozone inEast Asia[J].Journal of Yunnan University(Natural Sciences Edition)(inChinese),30(3):269–275.
Hou A Y.1998.Hadley circulation as a modulator of the extratropicalclimate[J].J.Atmos.Sci.,55(14):2437–2457.
Hou A Y,Molod A.1995.Modulation of dynamic heating in the winterextratropics associated with the cross-equatorial Hadley circulation[J].J.Atmos.Sci.,52(15):2609–2626.
Lau N C.1997.Interactions between global SST anomalies and the mid-latitude atmospheric circulation[J].Bull.Amer.Meteor.Soc.,78:21–33.
洛伦茨E N.1976.大气环流的性质和理论[M].北京:科学出版社.Loreog E N,1976.The Nature and Theory of the General Circulation ofAtmosphere(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Science Press.
Oort A H,Peixóto J P.1983.Global angular momentum and energy balancerequirements from observations[J].Advances in Geophysics,25:355–490.
秦育婧,王盘兴,管兆勇,等.2006.两种再分析资料的Hadley环流比较[J].科学通报,51(12):1469–1473.Qin yujing,Wang Panxing,Guan Zhaoyong,et al.2006.Differences of Hadley cells between two different reanalysis data[J].Chinese Science Bulletin(in Chinese),51(12):1469–1473.
吴国雄,Tibaldi S.1988.平均经圈环流在大气角动量和感热收支中的作用[J].大气科学,12(1):8–17.Wu Guoxiong,Tibaldi S.1988.Rolesof the mean meridional circulation in atmospheric budgets of angularmomentum and sensible heat[J].Chinese Journal of AtmosphericSciences(Scientia Atmospherica Sinica)(in Chinese),12(1):8–17.
Yang H J,Liu Z Y.2005.Tropical–extratropical climate interaction asrevealed in idealized coupled climate model experiments[J].ClimateDyn.,24:863–879.
杨健,吕达仁.2003.平流层—对流层交换研究进展[J].地球科学进展,18(3):380–385.Yang Jian,LüDaren.2003.Progresses in the study ofstratosphere-troposphere exchange[J].Advance in Earth Sciences(inChinese),18(3):380–385.
叶笃正,朱抱真.1958.大气环流的若干基本问题[M].北京:科学出版社.Ye Duzheng,Zhu Baozhen.1958.A Number of Basic Problems ofAtmospheric Circulation(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Science Press.
Zhou B T,Wang H J.2006.Relationship between the boreal spring Hadleycirculation and the summer precipitation in the Yangtze River valley[J].J.Geophys.Res.,111:D16109,doi:10.1029/2005JD007006.