珠江三角洲印刷行业VOCs组分排放清单及关键活性组分
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摘要
根据珠江三角洲地区印刷行业活动数据和不锈钢罐采样-气质联用技术,获取了印刷工艺VOCs成分谱,建立了该地区2010年印刷行业VOCs组分排放清单,研究了不同工艺排放的臭氧生成潜势.结果表明:该地区2010年印刷行业VOCs排放总量达8 591.26 t,深圳、东莞、佛山排放量较大.凹印是印刷行业主要VOCs排放工艺,排放量达5 762.01 t;平印和凸印次之,分别为1 954.01和37.82 t.不同工艺排放的VOCs组分差异较大,平印工艺排放的VOCs成分中异丙醇含量最多(306.58 t),其次为正庚烷(115.87 t);苯和甲苯是凸印工艺排放的VOCs成分中含量最大的2种化合物,分别达5.58和4.83 t;乙酸乙酯是凹印工艺排放的VOCs成分中的首要化合物,达2 482.85 t.凸印工艺排放的VOCs单位浓度臭氧潜势最大,达1.30μgm3,平印和凹印较小,分别为0.89和0.72μgm3,各工艺排放的含氧有机物对臭氧生成潜势的贡献均为最大.
Based on collected activity data of the printing industry and source profiles of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) monitored from different types of printing processes in the Pearl River Delta(PRD) region,a speciated VOCs emission inventory for the printing industry was developed in 2010.The ozone formation potential(OFP) from different printing processes was also discussed.The results showed that the total VOCs emission from the printing industry in the PRD region was about 8591.26 t,and Shenzhen,Dongguan and Foshan were the top 3 contributors among all investigated cities.Among different printing processes,photogravure printing was the primary source of VOCs emission with 5762.01 t,followed by lithographic and letterpress,with 1954.01 and 37.82 t,respectively.There were variations of VOCs compositions between different printing processes.Isopropanol was the dominant composition in lithographic printing process,while benzene and toluene were the major components of for the letterpress process,and the ethyl acetate was the typical specie from gravure process.The OFPs of letterpress,lithographic and gravure were processes by 1.30,0.89 and 0.72 μg/m3,respectively,while OVOCs(oxygenated volatile organic compounds) were the largest contributors for the OFPs among all three processes.
Based on collected activity data of the printing industry and source profiles of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) monitored from different types of printing processes in the Pearl River Delta(PRD) region,a speciated VOCs emission inventory for the printing industry was developed in 2010.The ozone formation potential(OFP) from different printing processes was also discussed.The results showed that the total VOCs emission from the printing industry in the PRD region was about 8591.26 t,and Shenzhen,Dongguan and Foshan were the top 3 contributors among all investigated cities.Among different printing processes,photogravure printing was the primary source of VOCs emission with 5762.01 t,followed by lithographic and letterpress,with 1954.01 and 37.82 t,respectively.There were variations of VOCs compositions between different printing processes.Isopropanol was the dominant composition in lithographic printing process,while benzene and toluene were the major components of for the letterpress process,and the ethyl acetate was the typical specie from gravure process.The OFPs of letterpress,lithographic and gravure were processes by 1.30,0.89 and 0.72 μg/m3,respectively,while OVOCs(oxygenated volatile organic compounds) were the largest contributors for the OFPs among all three processes.
引文
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[31]钟流举,郑君瑜,雷国强,等.大气污染物排放清单不确定性定量分析方法与案例研究[J].环境科学研究,2007,20(4):15-16.
[32]SINGH H B,KANAKLDOU M,CRUTZEN P J,et al.Highconcentration and photochemical fate of oxygenated hydrocarbons inthe global troposphere[J].Nature,1995,378:50-54.
[2]GENG Fuhai,ZHAO Chunsheng,TANG Xu,et al.Analysis ofozone and VOCs measured in Shanghai:a case study[J].AtmosEnviron,2007,41(5):989-1001.
[3]XIE Xin,SHAO Min,LIU Ying,et al.Estimate of initial isoprenecontribution to ozone formation potential in Beijing,China[J].Atmos Environ,2008,42(24):6000-6010.
[4]SONG Yu,DAI Wei,SHAO Min,et al.Comparison of receptormodels for source apportionment of volatile organic compounds inBeijing,China[J].Environ Pollut,2008,156(1):174-183.
[5]HATIFIELD M L,HUFF HARTZ K E.Secondary organic aerosolfrom biogenic volatile organic compound mixtures[J].AtmosEnviron,2011,45(13):2145-2340.
[6]唐孝炎,张远航,邵敏.大气环境化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[7]ATKINSON R.Kinetics and mechanisms of the gas-phase reaction第3期杨杨等:珠江三角洲印刷行业VOCs组分排放清单及关键活性组分of the hydroxyl radical with organic compounds under atmosphericconditions[J].Chem Rev,1985,85:69-201.
[8]SAUNDERS S M,JENKIN M E,DERWENT R G,et al.Protocol forthe development of the Master Chemical Mechanism,MCM v3:PartA.tropospheric degradation of non-aromatic volatile organiccompounds[J].Atmos Chem Phys,2003,3:161-180.
[9]JENKIN M E,SAUNDERS S M,WAGNER V,et al.Protocol for thedevelopment of the Master Chemical Mechanism,MCM v3:Part B.tropospheric degradation of aromatic volatile organic compounds[J].Atmos Chem Phys,2003,3:181-193.
[10]洪盛茂,焦荔,何曦,等.杭州典型区域C2-12质量浓度变化及臭氧潜势量分析[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(8):938-942.
[11]ODUM J R,JUNGKAMP P W,GRIFFIN R J,et al.Aromatics,reformulated gasoline,and atmospheric organic aerosol formation[J].Environ Sci Technol,1997,31:1890-1897.
[12]苏讯.我国印刷行业2008年统计数据[J].江苏造纸,2009(2):31.
[13]周震.我国印刷业面临的环境污染问题的挑战[J].今日印刷,2003(6):2-4.
[14]陈宝湘.珠三角地区印刷业发展研究[J].今日印刷,2007(9):85-87.
[15]VEGA E,MUGICA R C,EDGAR V.Hydrocarbon sourceapportionment in Mexico City using the chemical mass balancereceptor model[J].Atmos Environ,2000,34(24):4121-4129.
[16]NA K,KIM Y P,MOON I,et al.Chemical composition of majorVOC emission sources in the Seoul[J].Atmosphere Chemosphere,2004,55(4):585-594.
[17]WASTON J G,CHOW J C,FUJITA E M.Review of volatile organiccompound source apportionment by chemical mass balance[J].Atmos Environ,2001,35(9):1567-1584.
[18]WADDEN R A.Source discrimination of short-term hydrocarbonsamples measured aloft[J].Environ Sci Technol,1986,20(5):473-483.
[19]SCHEFF P A,WADDEN R A.Receptor modeling of volatileorganic compounds:1.emisslon inventory and validation[J].Environ Sci Technol,1993,27(4):617-625.
[20]广东省统计局.广东统计年鉴2011[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2011.
[21]中国印刷科学技术研究社,《印刷技术》出版社.印刷60年印迹[J].印刷技术,2011(B04):86-101.
[22]广东环境保护工程职业学院,华南理工大学环境学院.佛山市大气污染源排放系数研究与排放量调查二期[R].佛山:佛山环境保护局,2011.
[23]DUAN Jingchun,TAN Jiha,YANG Liu,et al.Concentration,sources and ozone formation potential of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)during ozone episode in Beijing[J].Atmos Res,2008,88(1):25-35.
[24]MARTIEN P T,HARLEY R A,MIFFORD J B.Evaluation ofincremental reactivity and its uncertainty in Southern California[J].Environ Sci Technol,2003,37(8):1598-1608.
[25]CATER W P L.Development of ozone reactivity scales for volatileorganic compounds[J].J Air Waste Manage Assoc,1994,44(7):881-899.
[26]余宇帆,卢清,郑君瑜,等.珠三角地区重点VOC排放行业的排放清单[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(2):195-201.
[27]蔺建明.严格控制润版液浓度保证印刷生产高效运行[J].印刷技术,2011(2):52-53.
[28]YUAN Bin,SHAO Min,LU Siha,et al.Source profiles of volatileorganic compounds associated with solvent use in Beijing[J].Atmos Environ,2010,44(15):1919-1926.
[29]无帮勇,邓蓓.日本油墨的VOCs排放问题及相应对策[J].印刷杂志,2006(4):72-73.
[30]吴田骅.凹印油墨的原料成分[J].印刷杂志,2003(7):15-16.
[31]钟流举,郑君瑜,雷国强,等.大气污染物排放清单不确定性定量分析方法与案例研究[J].环境科学研究,2007,20(4):15-16.
[32]SINGH H B,KANAKLDOU M,CRUTZEN P J,et al.Highconcentration and photochemical fate of oxygenated hydrocarbons inthe global troposphere[J].Nature,1995,378:50-54.