七种坚果仁中多酚、三萜含量及其抗氧化活性比较
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摘要
坚果因富含抗氧化等活性成分已成为备受推崇的休闲食品。该研究将核桃、巴旦木、银杏果、花生、葵花籽、野生和种植香榧仁进行对比,评价7种坚果仁的活性成分含量及其抗氧化能力差异。结果表明,不同坚果的主要活性成分和抗氧化能力存在显著差异(P <0. 05)。葵花籽仁和核桃仁中分别具有最高的总黄酮(35. 16 mg Qu E/g DM)和总酚含量(9. 69 mg GAE/g DM)(槲皮素,quercetin equivalent,Qu E;干原料,dry material,DM;没食子酸,gallic acid equivalent,GAE),(齐墩果酸,oleanolic acid equivalent,OAE),其次为种植香榧仁;种植香榧仁具有最高的总三萜含量(4. 37 mg OAE/g DM),其次为核桃仁。抗氧化实验表明,种植香榧仁提取物具有最高的DPPH·和ABTS+·清除能力,其IC50值分别为0. 08 mg E./m L和0. 07 mg E./m L(提取物,extract. E.),但核桃仁提取物的Fe3+还原能力最高,其槲皮素当量还原能力为115. 25 mg Qu E/g E.,种植香榧仁的还原能力次之。以上结果表明,种植香榧仁具有较高的活性成分含量和抗氧化活性,是优于巴旦木、银杏果、花生和葵花籽仁的天然抗氧化剂资源。
Nuts have been a popular leisure food as they are rich in antioxidants and other bioactive compounds.This research was designed to investigate the contents of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of walnut kernels,almonds,ginkgo seeds,peanuts,sunflower seeds,wild and cultivated Torreya grandis cv. Merrillii seeds(TGMS). The results indicated that different nut extracts varied significantly in contents of phenolics,flavonoids,and triterpenoids,as well as antioxidant activities( P < 0. 05). Extracts of sunflower seeds and walnut kernels possessed the highest total flavonoids content(35. 16 mg Qu E/g DM) and total phenolics content(9. 69 mg GAE/g DM),respectively,followed by cultivated TGMS extracts. Meanwhile,cultivated TGMS extracts had the highest total triterpenoids content(4. 37 mg OAE/g DM),followed by walnut extracts. Antioxidant assays revealed that cultivated TGMS extracts showed the strongest DPPH· and ABTS+· scavenging abilities,with the IC50 values of 0. 08 mg E./m L and 0. 07 mg E./m L,respectively. However,the best Fe3 +reducing ability was detected in walnut kernels extracts,and the quercetin equivalent reducing power was 115. 25 mg Qu E/g E.,followed by cultivated TGMS extracts.Therefore,cultivated TGMS possessed considerable bioactive compounds and high antioxidant activities,which was a better antioxidant resource than almonds,ginkgo seeds,peanuts and sunflower seeds. This study may provide references for selecting nuts and evaluating their nutritional values.
Nuts have been a popular leisure food as they are rich in antioxidants and other bioactive compounds.This research was designed to investigate the contents of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of walnut kernels,almonds,ginkgo seeds,peanuts,sunflower seeds,wild and cultivated Torreya grandis cv. Merrillii seeds(TGMS). The results indicated that different nut extracts varied significantly in contents of phenolics,flavonoids,and triterpenoids,as well as antioxidant activities( P < 0. 05). Extracts of sunflower seeds and walnut kernels possessed the highest total flavonoids content(35. 16 mg Qu E/g DM) and total phenolics content(9. 69 mg GAE/g DM),respectively,followed by cultivated TGMS extracts. Meanwhile,cultivated TGMS extracts had the highest total triterpenoids content(4. 37 mg OAE/g DM),followed by walnut extracts. Antioxidant assays revealed that cultivated TGMS extracts showed the strongest DPPH· and ABTS+· scavenging abilities,with the IC50 values of 0. 08 mg E./m L and 0. 07 mg E./m L,respectively. However,the best Fe3 +reducing ability was detected in walnut kernels extracts,and the quercetin equivalent reducing power was 115. 25 mg Qu E/g E.,followed by cultivated TGMS extracts.Therefore,cultivated TGMS possessed considerable bioactive compounds and high antioxidant activities,which was a better antioxidant resource than almonds,ginkgo seeds,peanuts and sunflower seeds. This study may provide references for selecting nuts and evaluating their nutritional values.
引文
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[20] ZHANG Lu,TU Zongcai,XIE Xing,et al. Antihyperglycemic,antioxidant activities of two Acer palmatum cultivars,and identification of phenolics profile by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS:New natural sources of functional constituents[J]. Industrial Crops&Products,2016,89(30):522-532.
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[22] ZHAO Lei,LI Siran,ZHAO Lei,et al. Antioxidant activities and major bioactive components of consecutive extracts from Blue honeysuckle(Lonicera caerulea L.)cultivated in China[J]. Journal of Food Biochemistry,2015,39(6):653-662.
[23] ILAIYARAJA N,LIKHITH K R,BABU G R S,et al.Optimisation of extraction of bioactive compounds from Feronia limonia(wood apple)fruit using response surface methodology(RSM)[J]. Food Chemistry,2015,173(2):348-354.
[24] REGUEIRO J,SANCHEZ-GONZALEZ C,VALLVERDU-QUERALT A,et al. Comprehensive identification of walnut polyphenols by liquid chromatography coupled to linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry[J]. Food Chemistry,2014,152(2):340-348.
[2] POPRAC P,JOMOVA K,SIMUNKOVA M,et al. Targeting free radicals in oxidative stress-related human diseases[J]. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,2017,38(7):592-607.
[3] YOUNG I,WOODSIDE J. Antioxidants in health and disease[J]. Journal of Clinical Pathology,2001,54(3):176-186.
[4] DIZDAROGLU M,JARUGA P,BIRINCIOGLU M,et al.Free radical-induced damage to DNA:Mechanisms and measurement[J]. Free Radical Biology Medicine,2002,32(11):1 102-1 115.
[5] LOBO V,PATIL A,PHATAK A,et al. Free radicals,antioxidants and functional foods:Impact on human health[J]. Pharmacognosy Review,2010,4(8):118-126.
[6] RAJENDRAN P,NANDAKUMAR N,RENGARAJAN T,et al. Antioxidants and human diseases[J]. Clinica Chimica Acta,2014,436(25):332-347.
[7]黄永辉,孟鹏,游飞明,等.食品中合成抗氧化剂BHA、BHT、TBHQ的测定方法研究[J].质量技术监督研究,2014(3):2-3.
[8]朱晓玲,刘杰,范志勇,等.凝胶渗透色谱-高效液相色谱法同时测定食用油中Ba P、BHA、BHT、TBHQ、DBP、DEHP[J].食品科学,2013,34(24):258-262.
[9] YANG Lubing,MA Sihui,YU Han,et al. Walnut polyphenol extract attenuates immunotoxicity induced by 4-pentylphenol and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol in murine splenic lymphocyte[J]. Nutrients,2016,8(5):287.
[10]黎章矩,骆成方,程晓建,等.香榧种子成分分析及营养评价[J].浙江林学院学报,2005,22(5):540-544.
[11] LIU Haiying,PEI Xinli,SHI Kaiwen,et al. Effects of replacing wheat flour with detoxified ginkgo nut powder on lipid metabolism of obese C57BL/6J male mice[J]. Food&Agricultural Immunology,2017,29(1):1-17.
[12]刘志彬,戈瑚瑚,张雯,等.巴旦木和巴旦木皮对健康成人血脂水平、抗氧化能力和寒热证的影响[J].中国食品学报,2015,15(12):24-30.
[13] CHEN Baoqiong,CUI Xiangyu,ZHAO Xin,et al. Antioxidative and acute antiinflammatory effects of Torreya grandis[J]. Fitoterapia,2006,77(4):262-267.
[14]张露,刘鹏飞,涂宗财,等.香榧不同部位提取物的抗氧化和酶抑制活性比较分析[J].食品科学,2018,39(10):78-83.
[15] FU Zhifeng,TU Zongcai C,ZHANG Lu,et al. Antioxidant activities and polyphenols of sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas L.)leaves extracted with solvents of various polarities[J]. Food Bioscience,2016,15(1):11-18.
[16] UYSAL S,AKTUMSEK A. A phytochemical study on Potentilla anatolica:An endemic Turkish plant[J]. Industrial Crops&Products,2015,76(15):1 001-1 007.
[17] AKBARI V,JAMEI R,HEIDARI R,et al. Antiradical activity of different parts of walnut(Juglans regia L.)fruit as a function of genotype[J]. Food Chemistry,2012,135(4):2 404-2 410.
[18]李钧敏,金则新,周杨.长叶榧叶片次生代谢产物含量分析[J].西北林学院学报,2007,22(2):123-126.
[19] ZHANG Lu,TU Zongcai,YUAN Tao,et al. Antioxidants andα-glucosidase inhibitors from Ipomoea batatas leaves identified by bioassay-guided approach and structure-activity relationships[J]. Food Chemistry,2016,208(1):61-67.
[20] ZHANG Lu,TU Zongcai,XIE Xing,et al. Antihyperglycemic,antioxidant activities of two Acer palmatum cultivars,and identification of phenolics profile by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS:New natural sources of functional constituents[J]. Industrial Crops&Products,2016,89(30):522-532.
[21] GALLI B,GASPARRINI F,LANZOTTI V,et al. Grandione,a new heptacyclic dimeric diterpene from Torreya grandis Fort[J]. Cheminform,1999,55(37):11 385-11 394.
[22] ZHAO Lei,LI Siran,ZHAO Lei,et al. Antioxidant activities and major bioactive components of consecutive extracts from Blue honeysuckle(Lonicera caerulea L.)cultivated in China[J]. Journal of Food Biochemistry,2015,39(6):653-662.
[23] ILAIYARAJA N,LIKHITH K R,BABU G R S,et al.Optimisation of extraction of bioactive compounds from Feronia limonia(wood apple)fruit using response surface methodology(RSM)[J]. Food Chemistry,2015,173(2):348-354.
[24] REGUEIRO J,SANCHEZ-GONZALEZ C,VALLVERDU-QUERALT A,et al. Comprehensive identification of walnut polyphenols by liquid chromatography coupled to linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry[J]. Food Chemistry,2014,152(2):340-348.