新创企业网络导向对企业绩效的影响:战略能力的中介效应
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摘要
网络导向作为新创企业的重要战略行动,其对企业绩效的影响机制是理论界和实践界关注的热点。以战略能力为中介变量,构建了网络导向影响企业绩效的理论模型,并结合东北地区新创企业的数据开展实证研究。研究结果表明:网络导向对技术能力、营销能力和网络能力均有显著正向影响,对信息技术能力的正向影响却不显著;4种战略能力对企业绩效都有显著正向影响,即技术能力、营销能力和网络能力在网络导向影响企业绩效过程中均发挥显著正向中介效应。新创企业网络导向与企业绩效间转换机制的揭示,有助于填补目前网络导向研究的不足,为实施网络导向的新创企业提升绩效提供指导。
As an important strategy for new ventures, the impact mechanism of network orientation on firm performance is the focus of attention of both the academic and business world. Taking strategic capabilities as a mediator, a theoretical model is constructed to explore the impact of network orientation on firm performance. Based on the sample data of new ventures in Northeast China, an empirical study is performed to verify the model. The results show that network orientation has a significantly positive impact on technological capabilities, marketing capabilities, and network capabilities, but the positive impact on information technology capabilities is not significant. The four kinds of strategic capabilities have a significantly positive impact on firm performance. That is, technological capabilities, marketing capabilities, and network capabilities have a significantly positive mediating effect between network orientation and firm performance. The exploration of transformation mechanism between network orientation and firm performance of new ventures helps to fill in the deficiencies of current gap of network-oriented research and provide guidance for the implementation of network-oriented new ventures to improve their performance.
As an important strategy for new ventures, the impact mechanism of network orientation on firm performance is the focus of attention of both the academic and business world. Taking strategic capabilities as a mediator, a theoretical model is constructed to explore the impact of network orientation on firm performance. Based on the sample data of new ventures in Northeast China, an empirical study is performed to verify the model. The results show that network orientation has a significantly positive impact on technological capabilities, marketing capabilities, and network capabilities, but the positive impact on information technology capabilities is not significant. The four kinds of strategic capabilities have a significantly positive impact on firm performance. That is, technological capabilities, marketing capabilities, and network capabilities have a significantly positive mediating effect between network orientation and firm performance. The exploration of transformation mechanism between network orientation and firm performance of new ventures helps to fill in the deficiencies of current gap of network-oriented research and provide guidance for the implementation of network-oriented new ventures to improve their performance.
引文
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[4] Sorenson R,Folker A,Brigham H.The collaborative network orientation:Achieving business success through collaborative relationships[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2008,32 (3):615-634.
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[8] 董保宝,王侃,周晓月.新创企业网络导向的测量与功效:基于中国经验的实证研究[J].管理学报,2016,13(5):631-639.
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[17] Afuah A.Mapping technological capabilities into product markets and competitive advantage:The case of cholesterol drugs[J].Strategic Management Journal,2002,23(2):171-179.
[18] 林筠,郭敏.知识流与技术能力:探索和利用性学习的中介作用[J].科研管理,2016,37(6):65-73.
[19] Su Z F,Peng J S,Shen H,et al.Technological capability,marketing capability,and firm performance in turbulent conditions[J].Management and Organization Review,2013,9(1):115-137.
[20] Day G S,Closing the marketing capabilities gap[J].Journal of Marketing,2011,75(October):183-195.
[21] 陈晓红,于涛.营销能力对技术创新和市场绩效影响的关系研究——基于我国中小上市企业的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2013,31(4):585-595.
[22] 张红,周智雄,庄伯超.营销能力对企业的技术创新的影响——基于我国中小板上市企业的实证研究[J].科技管理研究,2015,35(7):119-124.
[23] Mitrega M,Forkmann S,Ramos C,et al.Networking capabilities in business relationships-Concept and scale development[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2012,41(5):739-751.
[24] Jian Z,Wang C.The impacts of network competence,knowledge sharing on service innovation performance:Moderating role of relationship quality[J].Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management,2013,6(1):569-576.
[25] Fang G,Ma X Y,Ren L,et al.Antecedents of network capability and their effects on innovation performance:An empirical test of hi-tech firms in China[J].Creativity and Innovation Management,2014,23(4):436-452.
[26] McGrath H,O'Toole T.Enablers and inhibitors of the development of network capability in entrepreneurial firms:A study of the Irish micro-brewing network[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2013,42(7):1141-1153
[27] 周驷华,万国华.信息技术能力对供应链绩效的影响:基于信息整合的视角[J].系统管理学报,2016,25(1):90-101.
[28] Yu B,Hao S B,Ahlstrom D,et al.Entrepreneurial firms’ network competence,technological capability,and new product development performance[J].Asia Pacific Journal of Management,2014,31(3):687-704.
[29] 吴伟伟,刘业鑫,高鹏斌,等.技术管理对产品创新的影响——社会资本的二阶段调节机制[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2016,37(5):34-43.
[30] Muhammad U A,Mehmet M K,Mark P.Impact of operational and marketing capabilities on firm performance:Evidence from economic growth and downturns[J].International Journal Production Economics,2014,154(4):59-71.
[31] Mu J F.Marketing capability,organizational adaptation and new product development performance[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2015,49:151-166.
[32] Eisend M.The relative advantage of marketing over technological capabilities in influencing new product performance:The moderating role of country institutions[J].Journal of International Marketing,2015,24(1):41-56
[33] Wilden R,Gudergan S P.The impact of dynamic capabilities on operational marketing and technological capabilities:Investigating the role of environmental turbulence[J].Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,2015,43(2):181-199.
[34] Silvia L M,Rajshekhar G J.Entrepreneurial orientation,marketing capabilities and performance:The moderating role of competitive intensity on latin american international new ventures[J].Journal of Business Research,2016,69(6):2040-2051.
[35] 周江华,刘宏程,仝允桓.企业网络能力影响创新绩效的路径分析[J].科研管理,2013,34(6):58-67
[36] Tehseen S,Sajilan S.Network competence based on resource-based view and resource dependence theory[J].International Journal of Trade & Global Markets,2016,9(1):60-82.
[37] McGrath H,O'Toole T.A cross-cultural comparison of the network capability development of entrepreneurial firms[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2014,43(6):897-910.
[38] 吴岩.新创企业网络能力对创新能力的影响研究——基于知识管理能力的中介作用[J].科学学研究,2014,32(8):1218-1226
[39] 范钧,王进伟.网络能力、隐性知识获取与新创企业成长绩效[J].科学学研究,2011,29(9):1365-1373.
[40] Bharadwaj A S.A resource-based perspective on information technology capability and firm performance:An empirical investigation [J].MIS Quarterly,2000,24(1):169-196.
[41] Lim J H.Path dependence of dynamic information technology capability:An empirical investigation[J].Journal of Management Information Systems,2012,28(3):45-84
[42] Wang E T G,Hub H,Hu P J.Examining the role of information technology in cultivating firms’ dynamic marketing capabilities[J].Information & Management,2013,50(6):336-343.
[43] Benitez-Amado J,Walczuch R M.Information technology,the organizational capability of proactive corporate environmental strategy and firm performance:A resource-based analysis[J].European Journal of Information Systems,2012,21(6):664-679.
[44] Hmieleski K M,Baron R A.Entrepreneurs' optimism and new venture performance:A social cognitive perspective[J].Academy of Management Journal,2014,52(3):473-488.
[45] 彭学兵,陈璐露,刘玥伶.创业资源整合、组织协调与新创企业绩效的关系[J].科研管理,2016,37(1):110-118.
[2] Song M,Podoynitsyna K,Hans V,et al.Success factors in new ventures:A meta-analysis[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2008,25(1):7-27.
[3] Raquel A L,Javier M R.The choice of suitable cooperation partners for product innovation:Differences between new ventures and established companies[J].European Management Journal,2015,33(6):472-484.
[4] Sorenson R,Folker A,Brigham H.The collaborative network orientation:Achieving business success through collaborative relationships[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2008,32 (3):615-634.
[5] 董保宝,周晓月.网络导向、创业能力与新企业竞争优势——一个交互效应模型及启示[J].南方经济,2015,33(1):37-53.
[6] Mu J F,Di Benedetto C A.Strategic orientations and new product commercialization:Mediator,moderator,and interplay[J].R&D Management,2011,41(4):337-354.
[7] 王小伟.网络导向与新创企业绩效关系:一个综合模型[J].经济研究导刊,2014(24):16-19.
[8] 董保宝,王侃,周晓月.新创企业网络导向的测量与功效:基于中国经验的实证研究[J].管理学报,2016,13(5):631-639.
[9] Zhou K Z,Yim C K,Tse D K.The effects of strategic orientations on technology-and market-based breakthrough innovations[J].Journal of Marketing,2005,69(2):42-60.
[10] Theodosiou M,Kehagias J,Katsikea E.Strategic orientations,marketing capabilities and firm performance:An empirical investigation in the context of frontline managers in service organizations[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2012,41(7):1058-1070.
[11] Menguc B,Auh S.Creating a firm-level dynamic capability through capitalizing on market orientation and innovativeness[J].Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,2006,34(1):63-73.
[12] Di Benedetto C A,DeSarbo W S,Song M.Strategic capabilities and radical innovation:An empirical study in three countries[J].IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,2008,55(3):420-433.
[13] Hao S B,Song M.Technology-driven strategy and firm performance:Are strategic capabilities missing link?[J].Journal of Business Research,2016,69(2):751-759.
[14] Vesalainen J,Hakala H.Strategic capability architecture:The role of network capability[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2014,43(6):938-950.
[15] Watson J.Modeling the relationship between networking and firm performance[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2007,22(6):852-874.
[16] 任萍.新企业网络导向、资源整合与企业绩效关系研究[D].长春:吉林大学管理学院,2011.
[17] Afuah A.Mapping technological capabilities into product markets and competitive advantage:The case of cholesterol drugs[J].Strategic Management Journal,2002,23(2):171-179.
[18] 林筠,郭敏.知识流与技术能力:探索和利用性学习的中介作用[J].科研管理,2016,37(6):65-73.
[19] Su Z F,Peng J S,Shen H,et al.Technological capability,marketing capability,and firm performance in turbulent conditions[J].Management and Organization Review,2013,9(1):115-137.
[20] Day G S,Closing the marketing capabilities gap[J].Journal of Marketing,2011,75(October):183-195.
[21] 陈晓红,于涛.营销能力对技术创新和市场绩效影响的关系研究——基于我国中小上市企业的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2013,31(4):585-595.
[22] 张红,周智雄,庄伯超.营销能力对企业的技术创新的影响——基于我国中小板上市企业的实证研究[J].科技管理研究,2015,35(7):119-124.
[23] Mitrega M,Forkmann S,Ramos C,et al.Networking capabilities in business relationships-Concept and scale development[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2012,41(5):739-751.
[24] Jian Z,Wang C.The impacts of network competence,knowledge sharing on service innovation performance:Moderating role of relationship quality[J].Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management,2013,6(1):569-576.
[25] Fang G,Ma X Y,Ren L,et al.Antecedents of network capability and their effects on innovation performance:An empirical test of hi-tech firms in China[J].Creativity and Innovation Management,2014,23(4):436-452.
[26] McGrath H,O'Toole T.Enablers and inhibitors of the development of network capability in entrepreneurial firms:A study of the Irish micro-brewing network[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2013,42(7):1141-1153
[27] 周驷华,万国华.信息技术能力对供应链绩效的影响:基于信息整合的视角[J].系统管理学报,2016,25(1):90-101.
[28] Yu B,Hao S B,Ahlstrom D,et al.Entrepreneurial firms’ network competence,technological capability,and new product development performance[J].Asia Pacific Journal of Management,2014,31(3):687-704.
[29] 吴伟伟,刘业鑫,高鹏斌,等.技术管理对产品创新的影响——社会资本的二阶段调节机制[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2016,37(5):34-43.
[30] Muhammad U A,Mehmet M K,Mark P.Impact of operational and marketing capabilities on firm performance:Evidence from economic growth and downturns[J].International Journal Production Economics,2014,154(4):59-71.
[31] Mu J F.Marketing capability,organizational adaptation and new product development performance[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2015,49:151-166.
[32] Eisend M.The relative advantage of marketing over technological capabilities in influencing new product performance:The moderating role of country institutions[J].Journal of International Marketing,2015,24(1):41-56
[33] Wilden R,Gudergan S P.The impact of dynamic capabilities on operational marketing and technological capabilities:Investigating the role of environmental turbulence[J].Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,2015,43(2):181-199.
[34] Silvia L M,Rajshekhar G J.Entrepreneurial orientation,marketing capabilities and performance:The moderating role of competitive intensity on latin american international new ventures[J].Journal of Business Research,2016,69(6):2040-2051.
[35] 周江华,刘宏程,仝允桓.企业网络能力影响创新绩效的路径分析[J].科研管理,2013,34(6):58-67
[36] Tehseen S,Sajilan S.Network competence based on resource-based view and resource dependence theory[J].International Journal of Trade & Global Markets,2016,9(1):60-82.
[37] McGrath H,O'Toole T.A cross-cultural comparison of the network capability development of entrepreneurial firms[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2014,43(6):897-910.
[38] 吴岩.新创企业网络能力对创新能力的影响研究——基于知识管理能力的中介作用[J].科学学研究,2014,32(8):1218-1226
[39] 范钧,王进伟.网络能力、隐性知识获取与新创企业成长绩效[J].科学学研究,2011,29(9):1365-1373.
[40] Bharadwaj A S.A resource-based perspective on information technology capability and firm performance:An empirical investigation [J].MIS Quarterly,2000,24(1):169-196.
[41] Lim J H.Path dependence of dynamic information technology capability:An empirical investigation[J].Journal of Management Information Systems,2012,28(3):45-84
[42] Wang E T G,Hub H,Hu P J.Examining the role of information technology in cultivating firms’ dynamic marketing capabilities[J].Information & Management,2013,50(6):336-343.
[43] Benitez-Amado J,Walczuch R M.Information technology,the organizational capability of proactive corporate environmental strategy and firm performance:A resource-based analysis[J].European Journal of Information Systems,2012,21(6):664-679.
[44] Hmieleski K M,Baron R A.Entrepreneurs' optimism and new venture performance:A social cognitive perspective[J].Academy of Management Journal,2014,52(3):473-488.
[45] 彭学兵,陈璐露,刘玥伶.创业资源整合、组织协调与新创企业绩效的关系[J].科研管理,2016,37(1):110-118.