天然降血糖物质的筛选及其应用研究
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摘要
以苦瓜、苦荞、南瓜等10种天然物质提取物作为试验对象,采用碘比色法和对硝基苯-β-D-半乳糖苷(p-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside,PNPG)法分别评价这10种天然物质提取物在降低血糖方面的功效,以及提取物和不同谷物的结合情况。试验研究表明:苦瓜对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶酶活的抑制效果均高于其他9种植物提取物,抑制率分别达64.12%和67.69%,表明苦瓜提取物在降血糖方面有较高的功效。天然物质提取物与不同谷物中的淀粉相互结合可能会产生共聚物沉淀,降低其对碳水化合物消化酶的抑制活性,通过紫外-可见吸收光谱在300~350 nm之间扫描测得苦瓜提取物与大米、高粱米、糯米之间相互结合的量较多,而苦瓜提取物与玉米淀粉相互结合的量较少。因此,可选用玉米淀粉作为开发低血糖生成指数食品的原料,以用于糖尿病人的血糖控制。
The effects of ten natural extracts(including bitter melon,buckwheat,pumpkin and so on) on blood glucose lowering were evaluated by iodine colorimetric method and p-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside(PNPG)method. The combination of natural extracts with the starch of other grains was also investigated by UV-Vis absorption spectrum method. The results showed that the inhibitory effects of bitter gourd on α-amylase andα-glucosidase activity were better than those of other nine plant extracts,while the inhibition rates were 64.12%and 67.69%,respectively,indicating that bitter gourd extract had higher efficiency on blood sugar lowering. The combination of natural material extract with starch of grains will produce copolymer precipitation and reduce its inhibitory activity on carbohydrate digestive enzymes. The results of UV-Vis absorption spectra scanning ranged from 300 to 350 nm showed that a large amount of copolymer precipitation was formed when bitter gourd extract combined with rice,glutinous rice and glutinous rice. In contrast,bitter gourd extract had weaker binding effect with corn starch. Therefore,corn starch can be used as a raw material for developing low glycemic index foods for glycemic control of diabetic patients.
The effects of ten natural extracts(including bitter melon,buckwheat,pumpkin and so on) on blood glucose lowering were evaluated by iodine colorimetric method and p-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside(PNPG)method. The combination of natural extracts with the starch of other grains was also investigated by UV-Vis absorption spectrum method. The results showed that the inhibitory effects of bitter gourd on α-amylase andα-glucosidase activity were better than those of other nine plant extracts,while the inhibition rates were 64.12%and 67.69%,respectively,indicating that bitter gourd extract had higher efficiency on blood sugar lowering. The combination of natural material extract with starch of grains will produce copolymer precipitation and reduce its inhibitory activity on carbohydrate digestive enzymes. The results of UV-Vis absorption spectra scanning ranged from 300 to 350 nm showed that a large amount of copolymer precipitation was formed when bitter gourd extract combined with rice,glutinous rice and glutinous rice. In contrast,bitter gourd extract had weaker binding effect with corn starch. Therefore,corn starch can be used as a raw material for developing low glycemic index foods for glycemic control of diabetic patients.
引文
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[2]贺星,田红,徐颂,等.糖尿病治疗药物的研究进展[J].现代药物与临床,2009,24(3):129-133.
[3]程素娇,张英,王立,等.天然资源功能因子降血糖研究进展[J].食品工业科技,2012,33(12):387-391.
[4] ALI L,KHAM A K,MAMUN M I,et al. Studies on hypoglycemic effects of fruit pulp,seed,and whole plant of Momordica charantia on normal and diabetic model rats[J]. Planta Medica,1993,59(5):408-412.
[5]郭玉婷,兰卫,田思敏,等.新疆小枝玫瑰降糖作用及机制研究[J].新疆医科大学学报,2015,38(4):452-454.
[6]傅樱花,张富春,彭永玉.鹰嘴豆制品对糖尿病小鼠降血糖作用的研究[J].食品研究与开发,2016,37(4):26-28.
[7] WANG X,ZHANG L S,DONG L L. Inhibitory effect of polysaccharides from pumpkin on advanced glycation end-products formation and aldose reductase activity[J]. Food Chemistry,2012,130(4):821-825.
[8] KWON E Y,JUNG U J,PARK T,et al. Luteolin attenuates hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance through the interplay between the liver and adipose tissue in mice with diet-induced obesity[J]. Diabetes,2015,64(5):1658-1669.
[9]舒志成,王华,郭秀峰,等.一种具有低血糖生成指数(GI值)特点的八宝粥研制[J].中国食品添加剂,2016(1):127-132.
[10]马美范.玫瑰花多糖的提取工艺[J].食品研究与开发,2009,30(12):89-91.
[11]陈云.菊花多糖的提取纯化及其活性研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2015.
[12]陆武.南瓜多糖的提取分离纯化研究[D].石河子:石河子大学,2014.
[13]孙希云.蓝莓多糖的分离纯化、结构鉴定及免疫活性研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2011.
[14]吴茂玉,李丹丹,马晓燕.苦瓜降血糖活性成分提取与评价方法研究进展[J].食品研究与开发,2015,36(1):135-140.
[15]贺胜.桑叶总降糖活性成分的提取及其胶囊制剂学研究[D].广州:广州中医药大学,2016.
[16]刘瑞敏.苦荞降糖成分的提取与药效初步研究[D].成都:四川师范大学,2012.
[17]张新宇,张笛,王琳,等.绞股蓝皂苷提取纯化工艺研究进展[J].食品工业科技,2014,35(18):378-382.
[18] SEMAAN D G,IGOLI J O,YOUNG L,et al.In vitro anti-diabetic activity of flavonoids and pheophytins from Allophylus cominia Sw. on PTP1B,DPPIV,alpha-glucosidase and alphaamylase enzymes[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2017,203:39-46.
[19] BHANDARI M R,JONG-ANURAKKUN N,GAO H,et al.α-Glucosidase andα-amylase inhibitory activities of Nepalese medicinal herb Pakhanbhed(Bergenia ciliata,Haw.)[J].Food Chemistry,2008,106(1):247-252.
[20]谢雨杉,李多伟,李银芳,等.碘试液比色法测定α-淀粉酶抑制剂活性[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(1):301-303.
[21]杨秀芳,吴明鑫.虎杖中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的初步研究[J].陕西科技大学学报,2006,30(5):48-50.
[22]张俊杰,曾庆孝.比色法测定鱼鳞中羟脯氨酸的研究[J].食品科技,2004(4):83-85.
[23] PERKAMPUS H H. UV-VIS spectroscopy and its applications[M]. Berlin:Springer Berlin Heidelberg,1992:165-214.
[24] LOOKER A C,EBERHARDT M S,SAYDAH S H. Diabetes and fracture risk in older U.S.adults[J]. Bone,2015,82:9-15.
[25] LIU T,SONG L,WANG H,et al. A highthroughput assay for quantification of starch hydrolase inhibition based on turbidity measurement[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2011,59(18):9756-9762.