东昆仑造山带那更康切尔沟银矿床典型硫化物特征及其指示意义
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摘要
那更康切尔沟银矿床位于东昆仑造山带东段昆中断裂北侧,是青海省近年来新发现的主要受北西向断层控制的大型独立热液脉型银矿床,此文首次对其典型硫化物进行了系统的研究。显微矿相学观察和电子探针分析等研究表明,该矿床鄂拉山组地层中硫化物主要包括闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿,而金水口岩群地层中硫化物除包括上述矿物外还含较多黄铜矿、白铁矿、毒砂、黝锡矿、磁黄铁矿。其中自然银和辉银矿与闪锌矿、毒砂和黝锡矿在空间分布上关系较密切,Ag的赋存状态除以独立银矿物存在外,还以类质同像的形式赋存于方铅矿中,并且金水口岩群和鄂拉山组方铅矿Ag含量具有明显差异,含Ag平均值分别为0.33%和0.64%,其它硫化物中基本不含Ag。此外,金水口岩群和鄂拉山组闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿等成分标型特征指示那更康切尔沟银矿床成矿作用为火山成因,而两种赋矿地层中的成矿流体在温度、成分、硫逸度等方面均具有明显差异性。
The Nagengkangqieergou silver deposit, situated in north side of the Kunzhong fault in the eastern segment of the Eastern Kunlun orogenic belt, is a recently discovered large-scale independent hydrothermal vein-type deposit, whose orebodies are mainly controlled by the NW-trending faults, in Qinghai Province. This is the first time to have undertaken a systematic study on the characteristics of representative sulfides from the Nagengkangqieergou silver deposit in this paper. The results of microscopic mineralography observation and electron microprobe analysis show that sulfides of the Elashan Formation mainly include sphalerite, galena, and pyrite, while those of the Jinshuikou Group include sphalerite, galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite, marcasite, arsenopyrite, stannite, and pyrrhotite. Silver minerals including native silver and argentite are in close spatial association with the distribution of sphalerite, arsenopyrite and stannite. Besides independent silver minerals, the Ag occurred partly in galena in isomorphism forms. In addition, the contents of Ag in galena crystals from the Jinshuikou Group are obviously different to those from the Elashan Formation, with average Ag contents of 0.33% and 0.64%, respectively. There is scarcely any Ag in other sulfides. Moreover, the compositional and typomorphic characteristics of sphalerite, galena, and pyrite indicate that the mineralization of the Nagengkangqieergou silver deposit is genetically associated with volcanic activities, and the ore-forming fluids associated with the Ag mineralization in both ore-bearing strata show remarkable differences in temperature, composition, and sulfur fugacity.
The Nagengkangqieergou silver deposit, situated in north side of the Kunzhong fault in the eastern segment of the Eastern Kunlun orogenic belt, is a recently discovered large-scale independent hydrothermal vein-type deposit, whose orebodies are mainly controlled by the NW-trending faults, in Qinghai Province. This is the first time to have undertaken a systematic study on the characteristics of representative sulfides from the Nagengkangqieergou silver deposit in this paper. The results of microscopic mineralography observation and electron microprobe analysis show that sulfides of the Elashan Formation mainly include sphalerite, galena, and pyrite, while those of the Jinshuikou Group include sphalerite, galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite, marcasite, arsenopyrite, stannite, and pyrrhotite. Silver minerals including native silver and argentite are in close spatial association with the distribution of sphalerite, arsenopyrite and stannite. Besides independent silver minerals, the Ag occurred partly in galena in isomorphism forms. In addition, the contents of Ag in galena crystals from the Jinshuikou Group are obviously different to those from the Elashan Formation, with average Ag contents of 0.33% and 0.64%, respectively. There is scarcely any Ag in other sulfides. Moreover, the compositional and typomorphic characteristics of sphalerite, galena, and pyrite indicate that the mineralization of the Nagengkangqieergou silver deposit is genetically associated with volcanic activities, and the ore-forming fluids associated with the Ag mineralization in both ore-bearing strata show remarkable differences in temperature, composition, and sulfur fugacity.
引文
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[21]涂光炽,高振敏,胡瑞忠,张乾,李朝阳,赵振华,张宝贵.分散地球化学及成矿机制[M].北京:地质出版社,2004.
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[23]Murakami H,Ishihara S.Trace elements of indium-bearing sphalerite from tin-polymetallic deposits in Bolivia,China and Japan:Afemto-second LA-ICPMS study[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2013,53:223-243.
[24]刘铁庚,叶霖,周家喜,王兴理.闪锌矿的Cd主要类质同像置换Fe而不是Zn[J].矿物学报,2010,30(2):179-184.
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[28]Lueth V W,Megaw P K M,Pingitore N E,Goodell P C.Systematic variation in galena solid-solution compositions at Santa Eulalia,Chihuahua,Mexico[J].Economic Geology,2000,95(8):1673-1687.
[29]胡耀国,李朝阳,廖震文,周琦.贵州银厂坡银矿床银矿物特征及其赋存状态[J].矿物学报,2000,20(2):150-159.
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[31]Costagliola P,Di Benedetto F,Benvenuti M,Bernardini G P,Cipriani C,Lattanzi P F,Romanelli M.Chemical speciation of Ag in galena by EPR spectroscopy[J].American Mineralogist,2004,88:1345-1350.
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[36]严育通,李胜荣,贾宝剑,张娜,闫丽娜.中国不同成因类型金矿床的黄铁矿成分标型特征及统计分析[J].地学前缘,2012,19(4):214-226.
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[38]Monteiro L V S,Xavier R P,Hitzman M W.Mineral chemistry of ore and hydrothermal alteration at the Sossego iron oxide-copper-gold deposit,Carajas Mineral Province,Brazil[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2008,34:317-336.
[2]胡焕校,杨自安,刘清泉,张建国,郑明弘,徐桃.青海省什多龙地区找矿远景遥感调查研究[J].矿产与地质,2009,23(4):357-361.
[3]韩英善,郭桂兰,张大明,景向阳,奎明娟.东昆仑东段哈日扎地区含矿斑岩特征及找矿潜力分析[J].西北地质,2012,45(1):33-39.
[4]李龚健,王庆飞,朱和平,袁万明,龚庆杰.青海什多龙热液脉型钼铅锌矿床流体包裹体研究及矿床成因[J].岩石学报,2013,29(4):1377-1391.
[5]马忠元,李良俊,周青禄,马成兴,赵建鹏.东昆仑哈日扎斑岩型铜矿床特征及成因探讨[J].青海大学学报(自然科学版),2013,31(3):69-75.
[6]宋忠宝,张雨莲,陈向阳,江磊,李东生,舒晓峰.东昆仑哈日扎含矿花岗闪长斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及地质意义[J].矿床地质,2013,32(1):157-168.
[7]田承盛,袁万明,曾小平,张爱奎,朱传宝,孙非非,马忠元,张丽婷,郝娜娜.东昆仑哈日扎多金属矿区Ⅳ矿带成矿时代的锆石裂变径迹定年分析[J].核技术,2015,38(1):66-71.
[8]马忠元,孙非非,郝娜娜,马成兴,朱传宝,郝艳,曹建辉.青海哈日扎铜多金属矿区花岗岩地球化学特征与成矿环境分析[J].矿产勘查,2016,7(6):929-937.
[9]孙非非,朱传宝,袁万明,张爱奎,马忠元,郝娜娜,冯云磊.青海都兰县哈日扎矿区构造活动的磷灰石裂变径迹分析[J].核技术,2016,39(12):37-44.
[10]张斌,孔会磊,李智明,李金超,杨涛,马忠元,马成兴,王宇.东昆仑哈日扎铅锌多金属矿区英云闪长岩锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学及其地质意义[J].地质科技情报,2016,35(5):9-17.
[11]王小龙,袁万明,冯星,冯云磊,程学芹.东昆仑哈日扎多金属矿区花岗斑岩与闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义[J].地质通报,2017,36(7):1158-1167.
[12]许远平,谢万洪,杨永峰,何政伟,文军.青海东昆仑那更康切尔沟银矿地质特征及找矿远景浅析[J].新疆地质,2014,32(1):113-117.
[13]李建亮,鲁海峰,陈静,唐健,李积清,付彦文.东昆仑东段地区银多金属矿控矿因素及找矿潜力研究[J].地质找矿论丛,2017,32(2):172-179.
[14]李敏同,陈晓东,许远平,谢万洪,周洪兵,孙崇波,刘宏.东昆仑那更康切尔沟银矿床银矿物特征及成矿元素沉淀机制浅析[J].地质论评,2018,64(3):723-736.
[15]李敏同,李忠权.东昆仑那更康切尔银矿床S-Pb-C-O同位素地球化学特征[J].矿物学报,2017,37(6):771-781.
[16]Cook N J,Ciobanu C L,Pring A,Skinner W,Shimizu M,Danyushevsky L,Saini-Eidukat B,Melcher F.Trace and minor elements in sphalerite:a LA-ICPMS study[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2009,73:4761-4791.
[17]黄典豪.热液脉型铅-锌-银矿床富铁闪锌矿中硫化物包裹体成因探讨[J].矿床地质,1999,18(3):244-252.
[18]Kate W,Julian D G.A first principles study of the distribution of iron in sphalerite[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2010,74:3514-3520.
[19]刘英俊,曹厉明,李兆麟,王鹤年,储同庆,张景英.元素地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1984:1-548.
[20]叶霖,高伟,杨玉龙,刘铁庚,彭绍松.云南澜沧老厂铅锌多金属矿床闪锌矿微量元素组成[J].岩石学报,2012,28(5):1362-1372.
[21]涂光炽,高振敏,胡瑞忠,张乾,李朝阳,赵振华,张宝贵.分散地球化学及成矿机制[M].北京:地质出版社,2004.
[22]Seifert T,Sandman D.Mineralogy and geochemistry of indium-bearing polymetallic vein-type deposit:implications for host minerals from the Freiberg district,Eastern Erzgebirge,Germany[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2006,28:1-31.
[23]Murakami H,Ishihara S.Trace elements of indium-bearing sphalerite from tin-polymetallic deposits in Bolivia,China and Japan:Afemto-second LA-ICPMS study[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2013,53:223-243.
[24]刘铁庚,叶霖,周家喜,王兴理.闪锌矿的Cd主要类质同像置换Fe而不是Zn[J].矿物学报,2010,30(2):179-184.
[25]Song X X.Minor elements and ore genesis of the Fankou lead-zinc deposit,China[J].Mineralium Deposita,1984,19(2):95-104.
[26]Gottesmann W,Kampe A.Zn/Cd ratios in calcsilicate-hosted sphalerite ores at Tumurtijn-ovoo,Mongolia[J].Chemie der Erde-Geochemistry,2007,67:323-328.
[27]Foord E E and Shawe D R.The Pb-Bi-Ag-Cu-(Hg)chemistry of galena and some associated sulfosalts:a review and some new data from Colorado,California and Pennsylvania[J].Canadian Mineralogist,1989,27(3):363-382.
[28]Lueth V W,Megaw P K M,Pingitore N E,Goodell P C.Systematic variation in galena solid-solution compositions at Santa Eulalia,Chihuahua,Mexico[J].Economic Geology,2000,95(8):1673-1687.
[29]胡耀国,李朝阳,廖震文,周琦.贵州银厂坡银矿床银矿物特征及其赋存状态[J].矿物学报,2000,20(2):150-159.
[30]陈开旭,何龙清,魏君奇,杨爱平,杨伟光,黄惠兰.云南白秧坪矿化集中区矿石矿物特征及银、钴赋存状态的初步研究[J].矿物学报,2004,24(1):61-67.
[31]Costagliola P,Di Benedetto F,Benvenuti M,Bernardini G P,Cipriani C,Lattanzi P F,Romanelli M.Chemical speciation of Ag in galena by EPR spectroscopy[J].American Mineralogist,2004,88:1345-1350.
[32]Chutas N I,Kress V C,Ghiorso M S,Sack R O.A solution model for high-temperature PbS-AgSbS2-AgBiS2 galena[J].American Mineralogist,2008,93:1630-1640.
[33]Van Hook H J.The ternary system Ag2S-Bi2S3-PbS[J].Economic Geology,1960,55(4):759-788.
[34]Renock D and Becker U.A first principles study of coupled substitution in galena[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2011,42:71-83.
[35]Luke G,Nigel J C,Cristiana L C,Benjamin P W.Trace and minor elements in galena:a reconnaissance LA-ICP-MS study[J].American Mineralogist,2015,100(2-3):548-569.
[36]严育通,李胜荣,贾宝剑,张娜,闫丽娜.中国不同成因类型金矿床的黄铁矿成分标型特征及统计分析[J].地学前缘,2012,19(4):214-226.
[37]佟景贵,李胜荣,肖启云,李祯,闫柏琨.贵州遵义中南村黑色岩系黄铁矿的成分标型与成因探讨[J].现代地质,2004,18(1):41-48.
[38]Monteiro L V S,Xavier R P,Hitzman M W.Mineral chemistry of ore and hydrothermal alteration at the Sossego iron oxide-copper-gold deposit,Carajas Mineral Province,Brazil[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2008,34:317-336.