如何再造村社集体
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摘要
再造村社集体的关键是要在村社集体内部形成"利益共享、责任共担"的利益再分配机制,其中的关键又是重建村社内部"算平衡账"的机制。本文回顾了人民公社以来主要的村社集体"算平衡账"的类型,提出了以回归集体土地生产资料性质为基础的再造村社集体的具体路径。以土地集体所有制为基础来激活村社集体,为国家向农村投入资源振兴乡村提供了基本的组织基础。
The key to the recreation of village collective organization is the reconstruction of the re-distribution mechanism of "interest contribution and responsibility sharing"within village collective organizations,and the key to this reconstruction is the rebuilding of "equilibrium reckoning"mechanism. In this paper,the major types of "equilibrium reckoning"adopted by village collective organizations were reviewed and the path to the recreation of village collective organizations on the basis of returning to collective ownership of land production materials system was proposed. The rejuvenation of village collective organization through collective ownership of land provided a basis at organization level for the resurrection of new villages by means of state resources input into rural areas.
The key to the recreation of village collective organization is the reconstruction of the re-distribution mechanism of "interest contribution and responsibility sharing"within village collective organizations,and the key to this reconstruction is the rebuilding of "equilibrium reckoning"mechanism. In this paper,the major types of "equilibrium reckoning"adopted by village collective organizations were reviewed and the path to the recreation of village collective organizations on the basis of returning to collective ownership of land production materials system was proposed. The rejuvenation of village collective organization through collective ownership of land provided a basis at organization level for the resurrection of new villages by means of state resources input into rural areas.
引文
[1]曹锦清,张乐天,陈中亚.当代浙北乡村的社会文化变迁[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2014.
[2]程漱兰.中国农村发展:理论和实践[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1999.
[3]贺雪峰.农村集体产权制度改革与乌坎事件的教训[J].行政论坛,2017(3):12-17.
[4]李昌平.再向总理说实话[M].北京:中国财富出版社,2012:89.
[5]罗兴佐,贺雪峰.论乡村水利的组织基础——以荆门农田水利调查为例[J].学海,2003(6):38-44.
(1)本文为笔者撰写“乡村振兴与集体再造”系列论文的第三篇。第一篇题为《乡村振兴与农村集体经济》,《武汉大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)待刊;第二篇题为《农民组织化与村社集体再造》,《开放时代》2019年第3期。
(1)“算平衡账”又称“结平衡账”,系村社集体每年年终对全体村社成员经济往来的结算。李昌平认为,“结平衡账”是维持共同体长期存在的最核心制度。无论外部制度怎么变,只要共同体内部每年“结平衡账”制度正常运行,“四权统一”和“三位一体”就能够长期存在并得到巩固。假如内部“结平衡账”制度受到破坏,哪怕是只有1~2年不结平衡账了,共同体就有可能名存实亡。
[2]程漱兰.中国农村发展:理论和实践[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1999.
[3]贺雪峰.农村集体产权制度改革与乌坎事件的教训[J].行政论坛,2017(3):12-17.
[4]李昌平.再向总理说实话[M].北京:中国财富出版社,2012:89.
[5]罗兴佐,贺雪峰.论乡村水利的组织基础——以荆门农田水利调查为例[J].学海,2003(6):38-44.
(1)本文为笔者撰写“乡村振兴与集体再造”系列论文的第三篇。第一篇题为《乡村振兴与农村集体经济》,《武汉大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)待刊;第二篇题为《农民组织化与村社集体再造》,《开放时代》2019年第3期。
(1)“算平衡账”又称“结平衡账”,系村社集体每年年终对全体村社成员经济往来的结算。李昌平认为,“结平衡账”是维持共同体长期存在的最核心制度。无论外部制度怎么变,只要共同体内部每年“结平衡账”制度正常运行,“四权统一”和“三位一体”就能够长期存在并得到巩固。假如内部“结平衡账”制度受到破坏,哪怕是只有1~2年不结平衡账了,共同体就有可能名存实亡。