豆粕和发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对黄河鲤生长和血清抗氧化性能及消化酶活性的影响
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摘要
试验研究豆粕和发酵豆粕对黄河鲤幼鱼生长、血清抗氧化及肠道消化酶活性的影响。用25%、50%的豆粕和23%、46%的发酵豆粕分别替代基础料中15%和30%的鱼粉配制成5组(对照组FM、试验组SBM25、FSBM23、SBM50和FSBM46)等氮(粗蛋白质38.50%)等能(粗脂肪8.0%)的饲料。将600尾体质量为(49.76±0.24)g的幼鲤随机分为5个组,每组3个重复,每个重复40尾,分别投喂5种不同的试验饲料,养殖周期为56 d。结果表明,与对照组对比,FSBM23组幼鲤WGR、FCR、PER和CF差异不显著(P>0.05),SBM25、SBM50和FSBM46组的WGR和PER显著降低,FCR显著升高(P<0.05)。与FM组对比,其他组幼鲤血清CAT、SOD、GSH-Px和T-AOC活性显著降低(P<0.05),但FSBM23组GSH-Px和T-AOC活性差异不显著(P>0.05);FM组MDA含量低于SBM50组(P<0.05),但与其他组差异不显著(P>0.05)。对比FM组,FSBM23组前肠、中肠蛋白酶活性差异不显著(P>0.05),其他组显著降低(P<0.05),最低为SBM50组;后肠蛋白酶活性除SBM50组显著降低外(P<0.05),其他组差异不显著(P>0.05)。FM组中,前肠淀粉酶活性最低,显著低于其他组(P<0.05);中肠和后肠淀粉酶活性最高,显著高于中肠SBM25、SBM50组和后肠SBM50、FSBM46组(P<0.05)。FM组中,前肠脂肪酶活性最高,显著高于其他组(P<0.05);中肠和后肠活性最低,显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。豆粕和发酵豆粕替代鱼粉用于幼鲤饲料,发酵豆粕替代鱼粉效果优于豆粕,从主要生长指标考虑,幼鲤饲料中可以用23%的发酵豆粕替代15%的鱼粉。
This study evaluated the effects of partial replacement of fish meal by fermented and unfer-mented soybean meal on growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity and biochemical indices, anddigestive enzymes of juvenile Cyprinus carpio-haematopterus. Five isonitrogenous(38.50% protein lev-el) and isoenergetie(8.0% lipid level) juvenile carp diets were formulated using 25% and 50% soy-bean meal and 23% and 46% fermented soybean meal to replace 15% and 30% fish meal, respective-ly. A total of 600 juvenile carp with the initial body weight of(49.76±0.24) g were divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and 40 fishper replicate. The experiment lasted for 56 days.The results suggested that there were no signifi-cant differences in survival rate among all treat-ments(P>0.05). No significant difference was ob-served in WGR, FCR, PER and CF between FS-BM23 group and FM group(P>0.05), but showed lower WGR and PER and higher FCR in SBM25, SBM50 and FSBM46 groups than FM group(P<0.05). Compared with the FM group, the serum CAT, SOD, GSH-Px and T-AOC activities in SBMand FSBM supplemental groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05). The GSH-Px and T-AOC ac-tivities in group FSBM23 had no significant difference with FM group(P>0.05). The MDA content inFM group was lower than that in SBM50 group(P<0.05), while that in other groups had no signifi-cant difference with control group(P>0.05). Compared with the FM group, the fore and mid intestineprotease activities in FSBM23 group had no significant difference with control group(P>0.05), but de-creased significantly in other groups, the lowest being SBM50 group(P<0.05). The hindgut proteaseactivity in SBM50 group was lower than that in other groups(P<0.05), while that in other groups hadno significant difference with control group(P>0.05). Compared with the FM group, the fore intestineamylase activity was lower than that in other groups(P<0.05), and the mid and hind intestine amy-lase activities were higher than that in SBM25 and SBM50 groups of mid intestine and in SBM50 and FSBM46 groups of hind intestine(P<0.05). Compared with the FM group, the fore intestine li-pase activity was the highest and the mid and hind intestine were lowest than that in other groups(P<0.05). These results indicate that SBM and FSBM as the substitute of fish meal can affect the growth,serum antioxidant capacity and biochemical indices, and digestive enzymes of juvenile Cyprinus car-pio-haematopterus, and the replacement effect is better for FSBM than SBM. Taking no influence onprimary indices of growth into consideration, 15% fish meal in the fish diets can be replaced by 23% FSBM.
This study evaluated the effects of partial replacement of fish meal by fermented and unfer-mented soybean meal on growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity and biochemical indices, anddigestive enzymes of juvenile Cyprinus carpio-haematopterus. Five isonitrogenous(38.50% protein lev-el) and isoenergetie(8.0% lipid level) juvenile carp diets were formulated using 25% and 50% soy-bean meal and 23% and 46% fermented soybean meal to replace 15% and 30% fish meal, respective-ly. A total of 600 juvenile carp with the initial body weight of(49.76±0.24) g were divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and 40 fishper replicate. The experiment lasted for 56 days.The results suggested that there were no signifi-cant differences in survival rate among all treat-ments(P>0.05). No significant difference was ob-served in WGR, FCR, PER and CF between FS-BM23 group and FM group(P>0.05), but showed lower WGR and PER and higher FCR in SBM25, SBM50 and FSBM46 groups than FM group(P<0.05). Compared with the FM group, the serum CAT, SOD, GSH-Px and T-AOC activities in SBMand FSBM supplemental groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05). The GSH-Px and T-AOC ac-tivities in group FSBM23 had no significant difference with FM group(P>0.05). The MDA content inFM group was lower than that in SBM50 group(P<0.05), while that in other groups had no signifi-cant difference with control group(P>0.05). Compared with the FM group, the fore and mid intestineprotease activities in FSBM23 group had no significant difference with control group(P>0.05), but de-creased significantly in other groups, the lowest being SBM50 group(P<0.05). The hindgut proteaseactivity in SBM50 group was lower than that in other groups(P<0.05), while that in other groups hadno significant difference with control group(P>0.05). Compared with the FM group, the fore intestineamylase activity was lower than that in other groups(P<0.05), and the mid and hind intestine amy-lase activities were higher than that in SBM25 and SBM50 groups of mid intestine and in SBM50 and FSBM46 groups of hind intestine(P<0.05). Compared with the FM group, the fore intestine li-pase activity was the highest and the mid and hind intestine were lowest than that in other groups(P<0.05). These results indicate that SBM and FSBM as the substitute of fish meal can affect the growth,serum antioxidant capacity and biochemical indices, and digestive enzymes of juvenile Cyprinus car-pio-haematopterus, and the replacement effect is better for FSBM than SBM. Taking no influence onprimary indices of growth into consideration, 15% fish meal in the fish diets can be replaced by 23% FSBM.
引文
[1]关建义,张芹,屈长义,等.野生和人工选育黄河鲤遗传多样性的ISSR分析[J].河南师范大学学报:自然科学版, 2010(4):128-131.
[2] Ragnar L O, Mohammad R H. A limited supply of fishmeal:impact on future increases in global aquaculture production[J].Trends in Food Science and Technology, 2012, 27(2):120-128.
[3] Bureau D P, Harris A M, Cho C Y. The effects of purified alcohol extracts from soy products on feed intake and growth of chinook salmon(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)and rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J]. Aquaculture, 1998, 161(1/4):27-43.
[4] Urán P A, Gon?alves A A, Tavene-thiele J J, et al. Soybean meal induces intestinal inflammation in common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)[J]. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 2008, 25(6):751-760.
[5]张帆,张文兵,麦康森,等.饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉对大黄鱼生长、消化酶活性和消化道组织学的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版, 2012,42(S1):75-82.
[6]向枭,周兴华,陈建,等.饲料中豆粕蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白对齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼生长性能、体成分及血液生化指标的影响[J].水产学报, 2012, 36(5):723-731.
[7]吴莉芳,孙泽威,秦贵信,等. Glycinin和β-Conglycinin对不同食性鱼类生长及肠道组织的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 39(2):59-66.
[8] Egounlety M, Aworh O C. Effect of soaking, dehulling, cooking and fermentation with Rhizopus oligosporus on the oligosaccharides, trypsin inhibitor, phytic acid and tannins of soybean(Glycine max Merr.), cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)and groundbean(Macrotyloma geocarpa Harms)[J]. Journal of Food Engineering, 2003, 56(2/3):249-254.
[9] Gao Y L, Wang C S, Zhu Q H, et al. Optimization of solid-state fermentation with Lactobacillus brevis and Aspergillus oryzae for trypsin inhibitor degradation in soybean meal[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2013, 12(5):869-876.
[10] Song Y S, Frias J, Martinez-villaluenga C, et al. Immunoreactivity reduction of soybean meal by fermentation, effect on amino acid composition and antigenicity of commercial soy products[J].Food Chemistry, 2008, 108(2):571-581.
[11] Ringo E, Sperstad S, Myklebust R, et al. Characterisation of the microbiota associated with intestine of Atlantic cod(Gadus morhua L.). The effect of fish meal,standard soybean meal and a bioprecessed soybean meal[J]. Aquaculture,2006,261(3):829-841.
[12]李晋南,徐奇友,魏玉强.不同蛋白源饲料中添加α-酮戊二酸对松浦镜鲤抗氧化能力的影响[J].水产学杂志, 2017, 30(5):28-32.
[13]潘瑜,毛述宏,关勇,等.饲料中不同脂肪源对鲤鱼生长性能、脂质代谢和抗氧化能力的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2012, 24(7):1368-1375.
[14] Guan J J, Yang G H, Yin H C, et al. Particle size for improvement of peptide production in mixed-culture solid-state fermentation of soybean meal and the corresponding kinetics[J]. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 2014, 2(1):1-6.
[15]邢秀苹,杨欢欢,韦庆勇,等.豆粕和膨化大豆粉对鲤鱼生长及其肌肉营养成分的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 43(12):13-18.
[16]李云兰,高启平,帅柯,等.发酵豆粕替代豆粕对鲤鱼生长性能和肠道组织结构的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2015, 27(2):469-475.
[17]黄雄斌,李国富.方正鲫饲料中发酵豆粕和豆粕替代鱼粉的研究[J].湖南农业科学, 2010(13):143-145.
[18]冷向军,王文龙,周洪琪,等.不同大豆产品替代鱼粉饲养南美白对虾的试验[J].淡水渔业, 2006, 36(3):47-49.
[19]高绪娜,陈玉春,赵倩,等.发酵粕类替代鱼粉在水产养殖中的应用[J].中国饲料, 2017,(3):33-36.
[20] Bai S C, Lee K. Different levels of dietary dl-α-tocopheryl acetate affect the vitamin E status of juvenile Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli[J]. Aquaculture, 1998, 161(1/4):405-414.
[21] Filho D W. Fish antioxidant defenses:a comparative approach[J].Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 1996, 29(12):1735-1742.
[22]周德刚,冯秀燕.微生物发酵豆粕在动物生产中的应用研究[J].饲料研究, 2009(12):11-12.
[23]胡海滨,刘金桃,李彦先,等.饲料中大豆黄酮对大菱鲆生长、消化酶活力、抗氧化力及肠道结构的影响[J].水产学报, 2014,38(9):1503-1513.
[24] Bhor V M, Raghuram N, Sivakami S. Oxidative damage and altered antioxidant enzyme activities in the small intestine of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats[J]. International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 2004, 36:89-97.
[25] Strange R J, Schreck C B, Golden J T. Corticoid stress responses to handling and temperature in salmonids[J]. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 1977, 106(3):213-218.
[26]钱曦,王桂芹,周洪琪,等.饲料蛋白水平及豆粕替代鱼粉比例对翘嘴红鲌消化酶活性的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2007, 19(2):182-187.
[27] Escaffe E M, Zambonino-infante J L, Cahu C L, et al. Nutritional value of soy protein concentrate for larvae of common carp(Cyprinus carpio)based on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities[J]. Aquaculture, 1997, 153(1/2):63-80.
[2] Ragnar L O, Mohammad R H. A limited supply of fishmeal:impact on future increases in global aquaculture production[J].Trends in Food Science and Technology, 2012, 27(2):120-128.
[3] Bureau D P, Harris A M, Cho C Y. The effects of purified alcohol extracts from soy products on feed intake and growth of chinook salmon(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)and rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J]. Aquaculture, 1998, 161(1/4):27-43.
[4] Urán P A, Gon?alves A A, Tavene-thiele J J, et al. Soybean meal induces intestinal inflammation in common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)[J]. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 2008, 25(6):751-760.
[5]张帆,张文兵,麦康森,等.饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉对大黄鱼生长、消化酶活性和消化道组织学的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版, 2012,42(S1):75-82.
[6]向枭,周兴华,陈建,等.饲料中豆粕蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白对齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼生长性能、体成分及血液生化指标的影响[J].水产学报, 2012, 36(5):723-731.
[7]吴莉芳,孙泽威,秦贵信,等. Glycinin和β-Conglycinin对不同食性鱼类生长及肠道组织的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 39(2):59-66.
[8] Egounlety M, Aworh O C. Effect of soaking, dehulling, cooking and fermentation with Rhizopus oligosporus on the oligosaccharides, trypsin inhibitor, phytic acid and tannins of soybean(Glycine max Merr.), cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)and groundbean(Macrotyloma geocarpa Harms)[J]. Journal of Food Engineering, 2003, 56(2/3):249-254.
[9] Gao Y L, Wang C S, Zhu Q H, et al. Optimization of solid-state fermentation with Lactobacillus brevis and Aspergillus oryzae for trypsin inhibitor degradation in soybean meal[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2013, 12(5):869-876.
[10] Song Y S, Frias J, Martinez-villaluenga C, et al. Immunoreactivity reduction of soybean meal by fermentation, effect on amino acid composition and antigenicity of commercial soy products[J].Food Chemistry, 2008, 108(2):571-581.
[11] Ringo E, Sperstad S, Myklebust R, et al. Characterisation of the microbiota associated with intestine of Atlantic cod(Gadus morhua L.). The effect of fish meal,standard soybean meal and a bioprecessed soybean meal[J]. Aquaculture,2006,261(3):829-841.
[12]李晋南,徐奇友,魏玉强.不同蛋白源饲料中添加α-酮戊二酸对松浦镜鲤抗氧化能力的影响[J].水产学杂志, 2017, 30(5):28-32.
[13]潘瑜,毛述宏,关勇,等.饲料中不同脂肪源对鲤鱼生长性能、脂质代谢和抗氧化能力的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2012, 24(7):1368-1375.
[14] Guan J J, Yang G H, Yin H C, et al. Particle size for improvement of peptide production in mixed-culture solid-state fermentation of soybean meal and the corresponding kinetics[J]. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 2014, 2(1):1-6.
[15]邢秀苹,杨欢欢,韦庆勇,等.豆粕和膨化大豆粉对鲤鱼生长及其肌肉营养成分的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 43(12):13-18.
[16]李云兰,高启平,帅柯,等.发酵豆粕替代豆粕对鲤鱼生长性能和肠道组织结构的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2015, 27(2):469-475.
[17]黄雄斌,李国富.方正鲫饲料中发酵豆粕和豆粕替代鱼粉的研究[J].湖南农业科学, 2010(13):143-145.
[18]冷向军,王文龙,周洪琪,等.不同大豆产品替代鱼粉饲养南美白对虾的试验[J].淡水渔业, 2006, 36(3):47-49.
[19]高绪娜,陈玉春,赵倩,等.发酵粕类替代鱼粉在水产养殖中的应用[J].中国饲料, 2017,(3):33-36.
[20] Bai S C, Lee K. Different levels of dietary dl-α-tocopheryl acetate affect the vitamin E status of juvenile Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli[J]. Aquaculture, 1998, 161(1/4):405-414.
[21] Filho D W. Fish antioxidant defenses:a comparative approach[J].Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 1996, 29(12):1735-1742.
[22]周德刚,冯秀燕.微生物发酵豆粕在动物生产中的应用研究[J].饲料研究, 2009(12):11-12.
[23]胡海滨,刘金桃,李彦先,等.饲料中大豆黄酮对大菱鲆生长、消化酶活力、抗氧化力及肠道结构的影响[J].水产学报, 2014,38(9):1503-1513.
[24] Bhor V M, Raghuram N, Sivakami S. Oxidative damage and altered antioxidant enzyme activities in the small intestine of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats[J]. International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 2004, 36:89-97.
[25] Strange R J, Schreck C B, Golden J T. Corticoid stress responses to handling and temperature in salmonids[J]. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 1977, 106(3):213-218.
[26]钱曦,王桂芹,周洪琪,等.饲料蛋白水平及豆粕替代鱼粉比例对翘嘴红鲌消化酶活性的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2007, 19(2):182-187.
[27] Escaffe E M, Zambonino-infante J L, Cahu C L, et al. Nutritional value of soy protein concentrate for larvae of common carp(Cyprinus carpio)based on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities[J]. Aquaculture, 1997, 153(1/2):63-80.