杭州湾北部棘头梅童鱼繁殖群体生物学特征初步分析
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摘要
根据2017年5—8月杭州湾北部定置张网渔业资源基础数据,对杭州湾北部棘头梅童鱼繁殖群体的生物学特征进行初步分析。结果表明:杭州湾北部棘头梅童鱼繁殖群体体长分布范围为87~150 mm,平均体长(116. 4±9. 9) mm,体质量分布范围为12. 6~53. 3 g,平均体质量(27. 4±7. 2) g,平均体长和体质量均呈增长趋势,独立样本T检验表明,5—8月棘头梅童鱼的平均体长和平均体质量分别具有显著性差异。雌雄性比为2. 53∶1,雌性个体数明显高于雄性个体数,经卡方检验,雌雄性比不符合1∶1。雌性个体性腺发育以Ⅳ、Ⅴ期为主,数量占比达78. 2%,雄性个体性腺发育以Ⅲ、Ⅳ期为主,数量占比高达97. 9%,性腺发育在Ⅳ期及以上的性成熟个体体长分布范围主要集中于100~130 mm。繁殖群体摄食等级以0和1级为主,数量占比达72. 8%,空胃率为39. 8%。研究表明,杭州湾北部为棘头梅童鱼的索饵场,棘头梅童鱼小型化程度严重,建议加强针对繁殖群体的保护。
Based on the basic data of fishery resources by set-nets in Northern Hangzhou Bay from May to August,2017,a preliminary analysis of biological characteristics of reproductive stocks of Collichthys lucidus was carried out. The results indicated that body length of reproductive stocks of Collichthys lucidus ranged from 87 to 150 mm,and average body length was( 116. 4 ± 9. 9) mm,while body weight of reproductive stocks of Collichthys lucidus ranged from 12. 6 to 53. 3 g,and average body weight was( 27. 4 ± 7. 2) g.There was an increasing trend of average body length and body weight,and independent T-test displayed a significant difference in average body length and body weight between May and August. Sex ratio( female:male) of Collichthys lucidus was 2. 53 ∶ 1,the number of female was significantly higher than the number of male. According to chi-square test,sex ratio was not 1 ∶ 1. The gonad maturity stages of female was mainly from Ⅳ to Ⅴ,accounting for 78. 2%,and the gonad maturity stages of male was mainly from Ⅲ to Ⅳ,accounting for 97. 9%,and body length of individuals whose gonad maturity stages had achieved Ⅳ or above mainly ranged from 100 to 130 mm. The feeding levels of reproductive stocks of Collichthys lucidus was mainly0 and 1,accounting for 72. 8%,and the empty stomach ratio was 39. 8%. The research showed that Northern Hangzhou Bay was the feeding ground of Collichthys lucidus. Collichthys lucidus has become smaller,and management for protection of reproductive stocks of Collichthys lucidus in Northern Hangzhou Bay should be enhanced.
Based on the basic data of fishery resources by set-nets in Northern Hangzhou Bay from May to August,2017,a preliminary analysis of biological characteristics of reproductive stocks of Collichthys lucidus was carried out. The results indicated that body length of reproductive stocks of Collichthys lucidus ranged from 87 to 150 mm,and average body length was( 116. 4 ± 9. 9) mm,while body weight of reproductive stocks of Collichthys lucidus ranged from 12. 6 to 53. 3 g,and average body weight was( 27. 4 ± 7. 2) g.There was an increasing trend of average body length and body weight,and independent T-test displayed a significant difference in average body length and body weight between May and August. Sex ratio( female:male) of Collichthys lucidus was 2. 53 ∶ 1,the number of female was significantly higher than the number of male. According to chi-square test,sex ratio was not 1 ∶ 1. The gonad maturity stages of female was mainly from Ⅳ to Ⅴ,accounting for 78. 2%,and the gonad maturity stages of male was mainly from Ⅲ to Ⅳ,accounting for 97. 9%,and body length of individuals whose gonad maturity stages had achieved Ⅳ or above mainly ranged from 100 to 130 mm. The feeding levels of reproductive stocks of Collichthys lucidus was mainly0 and 1,accounting for 72. 8%,and the empty stomach ratio was 39. 8%. The research showed that Northern Hangzhou Bay was the feeding ground of Collichthys lucidus. Collichthys lucidus has become smaller,and management for protection of reproductive stocks of Collichthys lucidus in Northern Hangzhou Bay should be enhanced.
引文
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[4] CHUNG S W,KIM B G,KIM J H,et al. Feeding Ecology of Collichthys lucidus in the Han River Estuary,Korea[J].Korean Journal of Ichthyology,2014,26(4):303-309.
[5]王建锋,赵峰,宋超,等.长江口棘头梅童鱼食物组成和摄食习性的季节变化[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(1):291-298.WANG J F,ZHAO F,SONG C,et al. Diet composition and seasonal variation in feeding habits of Collichthy lucidus in Yangtze Estuary,China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(1):291-298.
[6]宋炜,孟永永,蒋科技,等.棘头梅童鱼七个野生群体遗传多样性的微卫星分析[J].水产学报,2017,41(1):31-39.SONG W,MENG Y Y,JIANG K J,et al. Analysis of genetic diversity among seven wild Collichthys lucidus populations by using microsatellite marker[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China,2017,41(1):31-39.
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[8]林能锋,苏永全,丁少雄,等.舟山近海棘头梅童鱼群体遗传多样性微卫星DNA分析[J].台湾海峡,2011,30(2):229-233.LIN N F,SU Y Q,DING S X,et al. Genetic diversity assessed using microsatellite DNA of spiny head croaker(Collichthys lucidus)from the Zhoushan offshore waters[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,2011,30(2):229-233.
[9]黄良敏,李军,谢仰杰,等.闽江口及其附近海域棘头梅童鱼资源的研究[J].台湾海峡,2010,29(2):250-256.HUANG L M,LI J,XIE Y J,et al. Study of the Collichthys lucidus fisheries resources of the Minjiang Estuary and its adjacent waters[J]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,2010,29(2):250-256.
[10]胡艳,张涛,杨刚,等.长江口近岸水域棘头梅童鱼资源现状的评估[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(9):2867-2873.HU Y,ZHANG T,YANG G,et al. Assessment of resource situation of Collichthys lucidus in coastal waters of the Yangtze estuary[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(9):2867-2873.
[11]何宝全,李辉泉.珠江河口棘头梅童鱼的资源评估[J].水产学报,1988,12(2):125-134.HE B Q,LI H Q. Stock assessment of Collichthys lucidus in Pearl River Esturary[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China,1988,12(2):125-134.
[12]黄良敏,谢仰杰,李军,等.闽江口及附近海域棘头梅童鱼的生物学特征[J].集美大学学报(自然科学版),2010,15(4):248-253.HUANG L M,XIE Y J,LI J,et al. Biological characteristics of Collichthys lucidus in Minjiang river estuary and its adjacent waters[J]. Journal of Jimei University(Natural Science),2010,15(4):248-253.
[13]张洪亮,王洋,梁君,等.中街山列岛海洋保护区棘头梅童鱼生物学特征与资源密度的季节变化[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2015,34(5):407-410.ZHANG H L,WANG Y,LIANG J,et al. Seasonal variations of the biological characteristics and abundance density of Collichthys lucidus in Zhongjieshan islands marine protected area[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Natural Science),2015,34(5):407-410.
[14]吴斌,方春林,张燕萍,等.鄱阳湖刀鲚繁殖群体生物学参数及生长特性的初步分析[J].水产科学,2016,35(2):142-146.WU B, FANG C L, ZHANG Y P, et al. Biological parameters and growth feature of reproductive population of Tapertail anchovy Coilia nasus in Poyang Lake[J]. Fisheries Science,2016,35(2):142-146.
[15]王英俊,叶振江,张弛,等.车牛山岛铠平鲉繁殖群体生物学研究[J].中国海洋大学学报,2011,41(12):46-52.WANG Y J,YE Z J,ZHANG C,et al. The fisheries biology of Sebastes hubbsi in Che-Niushan island[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China,2011,41(12):46-52.
[16]于晓.长江口凤鲚繁殖群体的生物学特性研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2014.YU X. The research of biological characteristics of anadromous spawning Coilia mystus in estuary of the Yangtze River[D]. Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2014.
[17] WILLIAMS A J,DAVIES C R,MAPSTONE B D. Regional patterns in reproductive biology of Lethrinus miniatus on the Great Barrier Reef[J]. Marine and Freshwater Research,2006,57(4):403-414.
[18] VAHABNEHAD A,KAYMARAM F,TAGHAVI M S A,et al. The reproductive biology and feeding habits of yellow fin seabream,Acanthopagrus latus(Houttuyn,1782),in the Northern Persian Gulf[J]. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences,2016,15(1):16-30.
[19] OKOCHI Y,ABE O,TANAKA S,et al. Reproductive biology of female Pacific Bluefin tuna,Thunnus orientalis,in the Sea of Japan[J]. Fisheries Research,2016,174:30-39.
[20]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. GB/T12763. 6-2007海洋调查规范第六部分:海洋生物调查[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China. GB/T 12763.6-2007 Specifications for oceanographic survey-Part 6:Marine biological survey[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2007.
[21]殷名称.鱼类生态学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:110-111.YIN M C. Fish ecology[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1995:110-111.
[22]李建生,严利平,胡芬.东海日本鲭繁殖群体生物学特征的年代际变化[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(6):1253-1259.LI J S,YAN L P,HU F. Inter-decadal changes in biological characteristics of reproductive stocks of chub mackerel,Scomber japonicus,in the East China Sea[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2015,22(6):1253-1259.
[23]陈峰,郭爱,朱文斌,等.南太平洋所罗门群岛海域黄鳍金枪鱼的渔业生物学特性[J].渔业科学进展,2013,34(3):12-20.CHEN F,GUO A,ZHU W B,et al. Preliminary study on fishery biology of yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares in the South Pacific Ocean near Solomon Islands[J]. Progress in Fishery Sciences,2013,34(3):12-20.
[24]吴振兴,吴常文,王伟洪,等.浙江近海棘头梅童鱼生长规律与群体组成的研究[J].水产科技情报,1990,17(6):170-174.WU Z X,WU C W,WANG W H,et al. Study on the growth rhythm and population composition of Collichthy lueidus in Zhejiang offshore[J]. Fisheries Science&Technology Information,1990,17(6):170-174.
[25]孔啸兰,江艳娥,龚玉艳,等.南海中北部尾明角灯鱼渔业生物学特性的初步研究[J].南方水产科学,2016,12(4):117-124.KONG X L,JIANG Y E,GONG Y Y,et al. A preliminary study on fishery biology of Ceratoscopelus warmingii in the central and northern South China Sea[J]. South China Fisheries Science,2016,12(4):117-124.
[26]曾祥玲,林小涛,夏新建,等.摄食水平对食蚊鱼生长、卵巢发育和能量收支的影响[J].中国水产科学,2011,18(4):828-835.ZENG X L,LIN X T,XIA X J,et al. Effects of food ration on growth and development of ovary and energy budgets of Gambusia affinis[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2011,18(4):828-835.
[27]林楠,姜亚洲,袁兴伟,等.象山港黄姑鱼的食物组成与摄食习性[J].中国水产科学,2013,20(6):1284-1292.LIN N,JIANG Y Z,YUAN X W,et al. Diet composition and feeding ecology of Nibea albiflora in Xiangshan Bay,east China Sea[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2013,20(6):1284-1292.
[2]贺舟挺,薛利建,金海卫.东海北部近海棘头梅童鱼食性及营养级的探讨[J].海洋渔业,2011,33(3):265-273.HE Z T,XUE L J,JIN H W. On feeding habits and trophic level of Collichthys lucidus in inshore waters of northern East China Sea[J]. Marine Fisheries,2011,33(3):265-273.
[3]贺舟挺,张亚洲,薛利建,等.东海北部近海棘头梅童鱼食物组成的季节变化及随发育的变化[J].海洋渔业,2012,34(3):270-276.HE Z T,ZHANG Y Z,XUE L J,et al. Seasonal and ontogenetic diet composition variation of Collichthys lucidus in inshore waters in the north of East China Sea[J]. Marine Fisheries,2012,34(3):270-276.
[4] CHUNG S W,KIM B G,KIM J H,et al. Feeding Ecology of Collichthys lucidus in the Han River Estuary,Korea[J].Korean Journal of Ichthyology,2014,26(4):303-309.
[5]王建锋,赵峰,宋超,等.长江口棘头梅童鱼食物组成和摄食习性的季节变化[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(1):291-298.WANG J F,ZHAO F,SONG C,et al. Diet composition and seasonal variation in feeding habits of Collichthy lucidus in Yangtze Estuary,China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(1):291-298.
[6]宋炜,孟永永,蒋科技,等.棘头梅童鱼七个野生群体遗传多样性的微卫星分析[J].水产学报,2017,41(1):31-39.SONG W,MENG Y Y,JIANG K J,et al. Analysis of genetic diversity among seven wild Collichthys lucidus populations by using microsatellite marker[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China,2017,41(1):31-39.
[7]郑德锋,赵金良,周文玉,等.我国沿海棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)群体遗传结构的AFLP分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2011,42(3):443-447.ZHENG D F,ZHAO J L,ZHOU W Y,et al. Genetic structure of Collichthys lucidus populations from China coastal areas by AFLP analysis[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2011,42(3):443-447.
[8]林能锋,苏永全,丁少雄,等.舟山近海棘头梅童鱼群体遗传多样性微卫星DNA分析[J].台湾海峡,2011,30(2):229-233.LIN N F,SU Y Q,DING S X,et al. Genetic diversity assessed using microsatellite DNA of spiny head croaker(Collichthys lucidus)from the Zhoushan offshore waters[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,2011,30(2):229-233.
[9]黄良敏,李军,谢仰杰,等.闽江口及其附近海域棘头梅童鱼资源的研究[J].台湾海峡,2010,29(2):250-256.HUANG L M,LI J,XIE Y J,et al. Study of the Collichthys lucidus fisheries resources of the Minjiang Estuary and its adjacent waters[J]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,2010,29(2):250-256.
[10]胡艳,张涛,杨刚,等.长江口近岸水域棘头梅童鱼资源现状的评估[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(9):2867-2873.HU Y,ZHANG T,YANG G,et al. Assessment of resource situation of Collichthys lucidus in coastal waters of the Yangtze estuary[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(9):2867-2873.
[11]何宝全,李辉泉.珠江河口棘头梅童鱼的资源评估[J].水产学报,1988,12(2):125-134.HE B Q,LI H Q. Stock assessment of Collichthys lucidus in Pearl River Esturary[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China,1988,12(2):125-134.
[12]黄良敏,谢仰杰,李军,等.闽江口及附近海域棘头梅童鱼的生物学特征[J].集美大学学报(自然科学版),2010,15(4):248-253.HUANG L M,XIE Y J,LI J,et al. Biological characteristics of Collichthys lucidus in Minjiang river estuary and its adjacent waters[J]. Journal of Jimei University(Natural Science),2010,15(4):248-253.
[13]张洪亮,王洋,梁君,等.中街山列岛海洋保护区棘头梅童鱼生物学特征与资源密度的季节变化[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2015,34(5):407-410.ZHANG H L,WANG Y,LIANG J,et al. Seasonal variations of the biological characteristics and abundance density of Collichthys lucidus in Zhongjieshan islands marine protected area[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Natural Science),2015,34(5):407-410.
[14]吴斌,方春林,张燕萍,等.鄱阳湖刀鲚繁殖群体生物学参数及生长特性的初步分析[J].水产科学,2016,35(2):142-146.WU B, FANG C L, ZHANG Y P, et al. Biological parameters and growth feature of reproductive population of Tapertail anchovy Coilia nasus in Poyang Lake[J]. Fisheries Science,2016,35(2):142-146.
[15]王英俊,叶振江,张弛,等.车牛山岛铠平鲉繁殖群体生物学研究[J].中国海洋大学学报,2011,41(12):46-52.WANG Y J,YE Z J,ZHANG C,et al. The fisheries biology of Sebastes hubbsi in Che-Niushan island[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China,2011,41(12):46-52.
[16]于晓.长江口凤鲚繁殖群体的生物学特性研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2014.YU X. The research of biological characteristics of anadromous spawning Coilia mystus in estuary of the Yangtze River[D]. Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2014.
[17] WILLIAMS A J,DAVIES C R,MAPSTONE B D. Regional patterns in reproductive biology of Lethrinus miniatus on the Great Barrier Reef[J]. Marine and Freshwater Research,2006,57(4):403-414.
[18] VAHABNEHAD A,KAYMARAM F,TAGHAVI M S A,et al. The reproductive biology and feeding habits of yellow fin seabream,Acanthopagrus latus(Houttuyn,1782),in the Northern Persian Gulf[J]. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences,2016,15(1):16-30.
[19] OKOCHI Y,ABE O,TANAKA S,et al. Reproductive biology of female Pacific Bluefin tuna,Thunnus orientalis,in the Sea of Japan[J]. Fisheries Research,2016,174:30-39.
[20]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. GB/T12763. 6-2007海洋调查规范第六部分:海洋生物调查[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China. GB/T 12763.6-2007 Specifications for oceanographic survey-Part 6:Marine biological survey[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2007.
[21]殷名称.鱼类生态学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:110-111.YIN M C. Fish ecology[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1995:110-111.
[22]李建生,严利平,胡芬.东海日本鲭繁殖群体生物学特征的年代际变化[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(6):1253-1259.LI J S,YAN L P,HU F. Inter-decadal changes in biological characteristics of reproductive stocks of chub mackerel,Scomber japonicus,in the East China Sea[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2015,22(6):1253-1259.
[23]陈峰,郭爱,朱文斌,等.南太平洋所罗门群岛海域黄鳍金枪鱼的渔业生物学特性[J].渔业科学进展,2013,34(3):12-20.CHEN F,GUO A,ZHU W B,et al. Preliminary study on fishery biology of yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares in the South Pacific Ocean near Solomon Islands[J]. Progress in Fishery Sciences,2013,34(3):12-20.
[24]吴振兴,吴常文,王伟洪,等.浙江近海棘头梅童鱼生长规律与群体组成的研究[J].水产科技情报,1990,17(6):170-174.WU Z X,WU C W,WANG W H,et al. Study on the growth rhythm and population composition of Collichthy lueidus in Zhejiang offshore[J]. Fisheries Science&Technology Information,1990,17(6):170-174.
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