杭州湾北部水域仔稚鱼种类组成和多样性研究
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摘要
2013年1月至12月,在杭州湾北部水域设置10个站点,按月用大型仔稚鱼网(口径1.3 m,网目0.5 mm)进行了12个航次的调查,共采集到鱼卵81粒,隶属于4科6种;仔稚鱼143 782尾,隶属于23科69种。其中河口型鱼类(34种)和海洋型鱼类(24种)多于洄游型鱼类(4种)和淡水型鱼类(7种)。鱼卵中以棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)居多,而仔稚鱼中个体数最多的是髭缟虾虎鱼(Tridentiger barbatus),占总渔获物的62.88%,其后依次为棘头梅童鱼(13.02%)、凤鲚(Coilia mystus,9.22%)、黄鳍刺虾虎鱼(Acanthogobius flavimanus,2.56%)、斑尾刺虾虎鱼(Acanthogobius ommaturus,2.32%)。前弯曲期仔鱼占总渔获物数量的89.12%,6月最多(85.31%)。春夏两季仔稚鱼物种数和密度要显著高于秋冬两季,6月密度急剧增高,达到13.50个/m3,7月物种数最多(18种)。Margalef丰富度指数(D)总体变化较大,月间变化相对剧烈,7月最高,Shannon-Wiener指数(H')和Pielou均匀度指数(J')变化幅度相对较小。
To clarify the species composition and diversity of fish larvae and juveniles in the north of Hangzhou Bay,monthly collections were held by a larva net( 1. 3 m mouth-diameter,0. 5 mm meshaperture) from January to December,2013. There are 10 sample stations in this study. A total of 81 eggs belonging to 6 species from 4 families and a total of 143,782 individuals of more than 69 species from 23 families were collected. The number of estuarine species and marine species was 34 and 24 respectively,greater than that of diadromous species( 4 species) and fresh water species( 7 species). Collichthys lucidus is in the majority among eggs. The most dominant species of them was Tridentiger barbatus,accounting for62. 88% of this total abundance, followed by C. lucidus for 13. 02%, Coilia mystus for 9. 22%,Acanthogobius flavimanus for 2. 56% and Acanthogobius ommaturus for 2. 32%. Fish larvae in preflexion stage accounted for 89. 12% of total abundance and were most in June( 85. 31%). Species number and density in spring and summer were significantly higher than those in autumn and winter. The density in June had a sharp increase( 13. 50 ind /m3) and the species number in July( species number =18) was the greatest of all months. The Margalef index changed greatly overall and sharply between months. The Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index had smaller changes between months.
To clarify the species composition and diversity of fish larvae and juveniles in the north of Hangzhou Bay,monthly collections were held by a larva net( 1. 3 m mouth-diameter,0. 5 mm meshaperture) from January to December,2013. There are 10 sample stations in this study. A total of 81 eggs belonging to 6 species from 4 families and a total of 143,782 individuals of more than 69 species from 23 families were collected. The number of estuarine species and marine species was 34 and 24 respectively,greater than that of diadromous species( 4 species) and fresh water species( 7 species). Collichthys lucidus is in the majority among eggs. The most dominant species of them was Tridentiger barbatus,accounting for62. 88% of this total abundance, followed by C. lucidus for 13. 02%, Coilia mystus for 9. 22%,Acanthogobius flavimanus for 2. 56% and Acanthogobius ommaturus for 2. 32%. Fish larvae in preflexion stage accounted for 89. 12% of total abundance and were most in June( 85. 31%). Species number and density in spring and summer were significantly higher than those in autumn and winter. The density in June had a sharp increase( 13. 50 ind /m3) and the species number in July( species number =18) was the greatest of all months. The Margalef index changed greatly overall and sharply between months. The Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index had smaller changes between months.
引文
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[14]国家海洋局908专项办公室.海洋生物生态调查技术规程[M].北京:海洋出版社,2006.
[15]马克平.生物多样性研究的原理与方法[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1994.
[16]马克平,刘灿然,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅱ.β多样性的测度方法[J].生物多样性,1995,3(1):38-43.
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[18]BELYANINA T N.Ichthyoplankton of the Gulf of Tonkin(Composition,distribution and seasonal changes in populations)[J].Voprosy Ikhtiologii,1986,6:930-936.
[19]WOODLAND R J,SECOR D H,FABRIZIO M C,et al.Comparing the nursery role of inner continental shelf and estuarine habitats for temperate marine fishes[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2012,99:61-73.
[20]FRANCA S,COSTA M J,HENRIQUE N C.Inter-and intra-estuarine fish assemblage variability patterns along the Portuguese coast[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2011,91:262-271.
[21]MUNK P,CARDINALE M,CASINI M,et al.The community structure of over-wintering larval and small juvenile fish in a large estuary[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2014,139:27-39.
[22]KELLNREITNER F,POCKBERGER M,ASMUS H.Seasonal variation of assemblage and feeding guild structure of fish species in a boreal tidal[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2012,108:97-108.
[23]RAMOS S,COWEN R K,RE P,et al.Temporal and spatial distributions of larval fish assemblages in the Lima estuary(Portugal)[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2006,66:303-314.
[24]HARRIS S A,CYRUS D P,BECKLEY L E.The Larval Fish Assemblage in Nearshore Coastal Waters off the St Lucia Estuary,South[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,1999,49:789-811.
[25]ABLE K W,FAHAY M P,WITTING D A,et al.Fish settlement in the ocean vs.estuary:Comparison of pelagic larval and settled juvenile composition and abundance from southern New Jersey,U.S.A.[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2006,66:280-290.
[26]CLARIDGE P N,POTTER I C,HARDISY M W.Seasonal changes in movements,abundance,size composition and diversity of the fish fauna of the Severn estuary[J].Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom,1986(66):229-258.
[27]DRAKE P,ARIAS A M.Composition and seasonal fluctuations of the ichthyoplankton community in a shallow tidal channel of Cadiz bay(S.W.Spain)[J].Fish Biology,1991(39):245-263.
[28]凌建忠,李圣法,严利平.东海区主要渔业资源利用状况的分析[J].海洋渔业,2006,28(2):111-116.
[29]徐开达,刘子藩.东海区大黄鱼渔业资源及资源衰退原因分析[J].大连水产学院学报,2007,22(5):392-396.
[30]沈新强,袁骐,王云龙,等.长江口、杭州湾附近渔业水域生态环境质量评价研究[J].水产学报,2003,27(s):76-81.
[2]倪勇.长江口区凤鲚的渔业及其资源保护[J].中国水产科学,1999,6(5):75-77.
[3]周永东,薛利建,徐开达.舟山近海凤鲚Coilia mystus(Linnaeus)的生物学特性研究[J].现代渔业信息,2004,19(8):19-21.
[4]周永东,金海卫,蒋日进,等.浙江中北部沿岸春、夏季鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类组成与数量分布[J].水产学报,2011,35(6):880-889.
[5]CAMPANA S E,FRANK K T,HURLEY P C F,et al.Survivaland abundance of young Atlantic cod Gadus morhus and haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus as indicators of year class strength[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1989,46:171-182.
[6]COOMBS S H,NICHOLS J H,FOSH C A.Placie eggs(Pleuronectes platessa L.)in the southern North Sea:abundance,spawning area,vertical distribution,and buoyancy[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,1990,47:133-139.
[7]蒋玫,王云龙,林钦,等.洋山深水港水域鱼卵仔鱼分布特征[J].海洋环境科学,2008(1):43-46.
[8]魏永杰,王晓波,张海波,等.2004~2010年夏季杭州湾鱼类浮游生物种类组成与数量分布[J].台湾海峡,2012,31(4):501-508.
[9]谢旭,俞存根,周青松,等.杭州湾海域春、秋季鱼类种类组成和数量分布[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(3):656-663.
[10]陈渊戈,张宇,钟俊生,等.长江口南支和杭州湾北岸碎波带水域仔稚鱼群聚的比较[J].上海海洋大学学报,2011,20(5):688-696.
[11]KENDALL A W J,AHLSTROM E H,MOSER H G.Early life history stages of fishes and their characters[M]//Ontogeny and Systematic of Fishes.Lawrence:The American Society of Ichthyologists Herpetologists,Spec Publ,1984.
[12]NELSON J S.Fishes of the World[M].Hoboken N J:John Wiley,2006.
[13]伍汉霖,邵广昭,赖春福.拉汉世界鱼类名典[M].基隆:水产出版社,1999.
[14]国家海洋局908专项办公室.海洋生物生态调查技术规程[M].北京:海洋出版社,2006.
[15]马克平.生物多样性研究的原理与方法[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1994.
[16]马克平,刘灿然,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅱ.β多样性的测度方法[J].生物多样性,1995,3(1):38-43.
[17]KINGSFORD M J.The early life history of fish in coastal waters of northern New Zealand:a review[J].New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research,1988,22:463-479.
[18]BELYANINA T N.Ichthyoplankton of the Gulf of Tonkin(Composition,distribution and seasonal changes in populations)[J].Voprosy Ikhtiologii,1986,6:930-936.
[19]WOODLAND R J,SECOR D H,FABRIZIO M C,et al.Comparing the nursery role of inner continental shelf and estuarine habitats for temperate marine fishes[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2012,99:61-73.
[20]FRANCA S,COSTA M J,HENRIQUE N C.Inter-and intra-estuarine fish assemblage variability patterns along the Portuguese coast[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2011,91:262-271.
[21]MUNK P,CARDINALE M,CASINI M,et al.The community structure of over-wintering larval and small juvenile fish in a large estuary[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2014,139:27-39.
[22]KELLNREITNER F,POCKBERGER M,ASMUS H.Seasonal variation of assemblage and feeding guild structure of fish species in a boreal tidal[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2012,108:97-108.
[23]RAMOS S,COWEN R K,RE P,et al.Temporal and spatial distributions of larval fish assemblages in the Lima estuary(Portugal)[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2006,66:303-314.
[24]HARRIS S A,CYRUS D P,BECKLEY L E.The Larval Fish Assemblage in Nearshore Coastal Waters off the St Lucia Estuary,South[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,1999,49:789-811.
[25]ABLE K W,FAHAY M P,WITTING D A,et al.Fish settlement in the ocean vs.estuary:Comparison of pelagic larval and settled juvenile composition and abundance from southern New Jersey,U.S.A.[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2006,66:280-290.
[26]CLARIDGE P N,POTTER I C,HARDISY M W.Seasonal changes in movements,abundance,size composition and diversity of the fish fauna of the Severn estuary[J].Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom,1986(66):229-258.
[27]DRAKE P,ARIAS A M.Composition and seasonal fluctuations of the ichthyoplankton community in a shallow tidal channel of Cadiz bay(S.W.Spain)[J].Fish Biology,1991(39):245-263.
[28]凌建忠,李圣法,严利平.东海区主要渔业资源利用状况的分析[J].海洋渔业,2006,28(2):111-116.
[29]徐开达,刘子藩.东海区大黄鱼渔业资源及资源衰退原因分析[J].大连水产学院学报,2007,22(5):392-396.
[30]沈新强,袁骐,王云龙,等.长江口、杭州湾附近渔业水域生态环境质量评价研究[J].水产学报,2003,27(s):76-81.