空军飞行人员远程飞行自觉症状和航卫保障需求调查
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摘要
目的了解预警机及运输机飞行人员远程飞行自觉症状、主要不利因素及疲劳缓解措施,为制定有针对性的航空卫生保障措施提供依据。方法采用自行设计的《空军飞行人员远程飞行卫生保障调查表》对预警机飞行人员160名及运输机飞行人员60名进行调查,内容涉及远程飞行的基本情况、飞行中的自觉症状、引起身体不适症状的原因、飞行中和飞行后的疲劳缓解措施以及卫生保障需求建议等。在航空军医的主持下举行飞行人员座谈会。结果远程飞行中多发自觉症状有困倦、腰背疼痛、口干、眼睛干涩、颈部痛,主要不利因素有噪音、颠簸、振动、留空时间、电磁辐射、机上饮食;飞行中的疲劳缓解措施主要包括肢体活动、交替飞行、小睡、饮用咖啡因饮料、聊天等,飞行结束后的疲劳缓解主要措施包括充分睡眠、热水浴、理疗、锻炼和听音乐等。座谈中预警机飞行人员反映的主要问题是电磁辐射的防护和长时间飞行后身体不适等,运输机飞行人员反映的主要问题是机上的休息设施缺乏和执行突发任务时的饮食保障等。结论空军远程飞行中多发自觉症状是困倦、腰背疼痛和视力疲劳,建议有针对性地制定预防措施。
Objective To find out more about the multiple spontaneous symptoms,adverse factors,fatigue countermeasures of early warning aircraft( EWA) pilots and military transport aircraft( MTA) pilots so as to provide reference for aviation health services.Methods Besides talks with pilots,self-designed questionnaires about aviation health services for air force pilots during long-haul flight missions were used among 220 long-haul flight pilots to investigate theirspontaneous symptoms during flight,causes of physical discomfort,in-flight and after-flight fatigue countermeasures,and suggestions about medical services Results The main spontaneous symptoms during long-haul flight were drowsiness,back pain,dry mouth,dry eyes and neck pain. The major complaints of pilots were noise,vibration,long duty hours,electromagnetic radiation and diet. Fatigue countermeasures during flight included small talk,limb-exercise,alternate flight,naps,and drinking of caffeinated beverages. Post-flight fatigue countermeasures included adequate sleep,a hot water bath,physical therapy,moderate physical exercise and listening to music. During the talk,the main problems that EWA pilots listed were electromagnetic radiation protection and physical discomfort after long flight,while the main complaints of MTA pilots were the lack of rest facilities and diet support during emergency missions. Conclusion The main spontaneous symptoms during long-haul flight are drowsiness,back pain and visual fatigue,making corresponding countermeasures necessary.
Objective To find out more about the multiple spontaneous symptoms,adverse factors,fatigue countermeasures of early warning aircraft( EWA) pilots and military transport aircraft( MTA) pilots so as to provide reference for aviation health services.Methods Besides talks with pilots,self-designed questionnaires about aviation health services for air force pilots during long-haul flight missions were used among 220 long-haul flight pilots to investigate theirspontaneous symptoms during flight,causes of physical discomfort,in-flight and after-flight fatigue countermeasures,and suggestions about medical services Results The main spontaneous symptoms during long-haul flight were drowsiness,back pain,dry mouth,dry eyes and neck pain. The major complaints of pilots were noise,vibration,long duty hours,electromagnetic radiation and diet. Fatigue countermeasures during flight included small talk,limb-exercise,alternate flight,naps,and drinking of caffeinated beverages. Post-flight fatigue countermeasures included adequate sleep,a hot water bath,physical therapy,moderate physical exercise and listening to music. During the talk,the main problems that EWA pilots listed were electromagnetic radiation protection and physical discomfort after long flight,while the main complaints of MTA pilots were the lack of rest facilities and diet support during emergency missions. Conclusion The main spontaneous symptoms during long-haul flight are drowsiness,back pain and visual fatigue,making corresponding countermeasures necessary.
引文
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[15]韩厉平,吴兴裕,李学义,等.噪声对人思维能力的影响[J].航天医学与医学工程,1999,12(1):28.
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[2]沈四新,王军,张荣健,等.军事飞行人员健康管理现况分析[J].解放军医院管理杂志,2015,22(4):372.
[3]张霞,谌章林.在新的起点上推进空军卫生建设科学发展-访空军后勤部卫生部罗永昌部长[J].航空军医,2009,37(1):1.
[4]陈岩,王军,谢满江,等.多机种海训航卫保障的做法及建议[J].空军医学杂志,2015(3):194.
[5]于洪湘,蒋一平.预警机与运输机空勤人员疲劳因素调查[J].中国疗养医学,2014,23(6):550.
[6]李含荣.军事飞行人员正常高值血压的管理策略[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2015,33(4):45.
[7](俄)诺维科夫B C.陈炎琰译.飞行劳动生理学[M].北京:蓝天出版社,2009:87-98.
[8]张清俊,杨昌林,辛益妹,等.雷达兵对自觉症状及工作环境的评价[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2010,28(6):437.
[9]韩文强,胡文东,文治洪,等.飞行疲劳的生理心理因素及对策[J].第四军医大学学报,2008,29(4):379.
[10]董燕,陈虹汝,马金鹏,等.不同地域高性能战斗机飞行员疾病调查分析[J].第三军医大学学报,2015,37(22):2313.
[11]李永峰,季一鑫,沈根兴.以"六种能力"为引领全面提升空军部队卫生工作水平[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2015,33(1):61.
[12]岳茂兴,刘志国,周雪峰,等.神舟五、六号航天员医疗卫生应急保障的创新点及其救护对策研究[J].中华卫生应急电子杂志,2015(2):92.
[13]郭华,李侠,景百胜,等.两型大型运输机飞行人员健康状况比较[J].西南国防医药,2011,21(9):1044.
[14]王永生."和平"号空间站航天员卫生保健保障--飞行中航天员微生物群落的优化途径[J].载人航天信息,2015(1):40.
[15]韩厉平,吴兴裕,李学义,等.噪声对人思维能力的影响[J].航天医学与医学工程,1999,12(1):28.
[16]王善雨,高春玉,谢宁.军事作业环境的电磁辐射及防护[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2009,27(3):230.