多辐射器航天器热控流体回路布局的(火积)耗散分析
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摘要
为了优化多辐射器航天器热控流体回路布局,提高流体回路的散热效率,降低流体回路温度,本文基于(火积)理论,分别对多个辐射器串联和并联的流体回路布局的散热进行了分析。结果表明,排散相同热量时,流体回路的流体与管路壁面之间的温差均匀性越好,流体回路散热过程(火积)耗散越小,系统散热过程越优。进一步,对于2个辐射器的情况,分别对辐射器设置了不同的空间辐射加热热流,对辐射器的流体回路布局方式进行了比较。结果表明,辐射器与流体回路串联时,系统散热性能要优于两者并联,系统的流体温度水平最低,结果与(火积)理论分析的预测完全一致。研究结论对多辐射器的航天器热控流体回路设计具有指导意义。
In order to optimize the layout of the spacecraft thermal control fluid loop with multiple radiators, improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the fluid loop, and reduce the fluid loop temperature, based on entranspy dissipation theory, this paper analyzes the heat-dissipation process of the fluid loop layout in series and in parallel with multiple radiators. The results show that when the same amount of heat is dissipated, the uniformity of the temperature difference between the fluid and the wall of the pipeline is better, and the smaller the entranspy dissipation of the heat dissipation process of the fluid loop is, the better the cooling process of the system is. Further, for the case of two radiators, the radiators are respectively provided with different space heat fluxes, and the radiators are compared with different fluid loop layout patterns. The results show that when the radiators are connected in series with the fluid loop, the heat dissipation performance of the system is better than the parallel connection of the radiators and the fluid loop. At the same time the fluid temperature level of the system is the lowest. The result is completely consistent with the prediction of the entranspy theory. The conclusion of the study has guiding significance for the design of the spacecraft thermal control fluid loop with multiple radiators.
In order to optimize the layout of the spacecraft thermal control fluid loop with multiple radiators, improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the fluid loop, and reduce the fluid loop temperature, based on entranspy dissipation theory, this paper analyzes the heat-dissipation process of the fluid loop layout in series and in parallel with multiple radiators. The results show that when the same amount of heat is dissipated, the uniformity of the temperature difference between the fluid and the wall of the pipeline is better, and the smaller the entranspy dissipation of the heat dissipation process of the fluid loop is, the better the cooling process of the system is. Further, for the case of two radiators, the radiators are respectively provided with different space heat fluxes, and the radiators are compared with different fluid loop layout patterns. The results show that when the radiators are connected in series with the fluid loop, the heat dissipation performance of the system is better than the parallel connection of the radiators and the fluid loop. At the same time the fluid temperature level of the system is the lowest. The result is completely consistent with the prediction of the entranspy theory. The conclusion of the study has guiding significance for the design of the spacecraft thermal control fluid loop with multiple radiators.
引文
[1] 黄家荣.飞船单相流体回路热设计[J]. 航天器工程, 2002, 11(4):15-21. [Huang Jia-rong. Thermal design of spacecraft single-phase fluid loop[J]. Spacecraft Engineering, 2002,11(4):15-21.]
[2] 张立,范含林.单相流体回路系统的性能集成分析[J].中国空间科学技术, 2004,24(4):47-53. [Zhang Li, Fan Han-lin. Integrative analysis on thermal and flow performance of single-phase fluid loop system[J]. Chinese Space Science and Technology, 2004, 24(4): 47-53.]
[3] 张立,范含林. 单相流体回路工质的优选研究[J].航天器工程, 2007,16(3):69-73. [Zhang Li, Fan Han-lin. Study on selecting the working fluid for single-phase fluid loop system, Spacecraft Engineering, 2007,16(3): 69-73.]
[4] 范宇峰,黄家荣. 工质粘度对单相流体回路工作性能的影响[J]. 低温工程,2007(3):20-24. [Fan Yu-feng, Huang Jia-rong. Operational performance influence of fluid viscosity on single-phase fluid loop[J]. Cryogenics,2007(3):20-24.]
[5] 宁献文,张加迅,赵欣. 卫星单相流体回路热控系统前馈PID控制[J]. 中国空间科学技术, 2008, 28(4):1-6. [Ning Xian-wen, Zhang Jia-xun, Zhao Xin. Feed forward PID control of satellite single-phase fluid loop thermal control system[J].Chinese Space Science and Technology, 2008, 28(4):1-6.]
[6] 宁献文,张加迅,赵欣. 卫星流体回路技术的动态热模型与仿真[J]. 航天器工程,2007, 16(6):51-56. [Ning Xian-wen, Zhang Jia-xun, Zhao Xin. Dynamical thermal model and simulation of satellite fluid loop spacecraft engineering[J]. 2007, 16(6):51-56. ]
[7] 张学学,刘静,张超. 管肋式空间辐射器强化传热分析与优化设计[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版), 1998(5):32-34.[ Zhang Xue-xue, Liu Jing, Zhang Chao. Study on the heat transfer enhancement and the optimization of a fin-tube radiator of aircraft[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Sci. &Tech.), 1998(5):32-34.]
[8] 李明海,任建勋,梁新刚. 管肋式辐射器排热特性的数值分析与优化设计[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2002, 23(1):88-90. [Li Ming-hai, Ren Jian-xun, Liang Xin-gang. Numerical analysis of heat rejection characteristics and optimum design of fin-tuber radiators[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2002, 23(1):88-90.]
[9] 徐向华,程雪涛,梁新刚. 载人航天器主动热控制系统流体回路的优化设计[J].宇航学报, 2011, 32(10): 2285-2292. [Xu Xiang-hua, Cheng Xue-tao, Liang Xin-gang. Design and optimization for fluid loops of active thermal control system in manned spacecraft[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2011,32(10):2285-2292.]
[10] 彭灿,徐向华,梁新刚. 载人航天器主动热控系统热负荷布局优化[J]. 宇航学报, 2015, 38(8): 974-980. [Peng Can, Xu Xiang-hua, Liang Xin-gang. Optimization on heat load arrangement for active thermal control system of manned spacecraft[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2015,38(8):974- 980.]
[11] Guo Z Y, Zhu H Y, Liang X G. Entransy—A physical quantity describing heat transfer ability[J]. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 2007, 50(13): 2545-2556.
[12] 程雪涛,梁新刚,过增元. 孤立系统内传热过程的(火积)减原理[J]. 科学通报, 2011, 56(3):222-230. [Cheng Xue-tao, Liang Xin-gang, Guo Zeng-yuan. potential entransy decrease principle of heat transfer in isolated systems[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2011,56(3):222- 230.]
[13] 程雪涛,徐向华,梁新刚.(火积)在航天器热控系统并联热网络优化中的应用[J].中国科学E辑:技术科学, 2011(41)4:507-514.[Cheng Xue-tao, Xu Xiang-hua. Application of entransy in parallel connection thermal network of thermal control system[J]. Science in China (Series E:Technological Sciences), 2011(41)4:507-514.]
[14] 过增元,程新广,夏再忠.最小热量传递势容耗散原理及其在导热优化中的应用[J].科学通报,2003,48:21-25.[Guo Zeng-yuan, Cheng Xin-guang, Xia Zai-zong. Least dissipation principle of heat transport potential capacity and its applications in heat conduction optimization[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2003,48: 21-25.]
[15] Cheng X T, Liang X G. Entransy flux of thermal radiation and its application to enclosures with opaque surfaces[J]. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 2011,54(1-3): 269-278.
[16] Chen Q, Wang M R, Pan N, et al. Optimization principles for convective heat transfer[J]. Energy, 2009, 34(9): 1199-1206.
[17] 程新广.(火积)及其在传热优化中的应用[D].北京:清华大学,2004.[Cheng Xin-Guang. Entranspy and its applications in heat transfer optimization[D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2004.]
[18] 吴晶,梁新刚.(火积)耗散极值原理在辐射换热优化中的应用[J].中国科学E辑:技术科学, 2009,39(2):272-277. [Wu Jing, Liang Xin-gang. Application of entransy extreme principle in radiation transfer optimization[J]. Science in China (Series E:Technological Sciences), 2009,39(2): 272-277.]
[19] 程雪涛,徐向华,梁新刚.空间辐射器的等温化设计[J].工程热物理学报,2010,31(6):1031-1033.[Cheng Xue-tao, Xu Xiang-hua, Liang Xin-gang. Homogenization of temperature field for thermal radiator in space[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2010, 31(6):1031-1033.]
[20] 刘欣,梁新刚. 太空辐射器传热优化设计及分析[J]. 宇航学报,2016, 37(5): 605-611. [ Liu Xin, Liang Xin-gang. Optimization design and analysis of heat transfer for thermal radiator in space[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2016, 37(5):605-611.]
[21] 程雪涛,徐向华,任建勋. 用Lagrange乘子法优化并联液体冷却网络系统[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2008,48(8):1359-1361.[ Cheng Xue-tao, Xu Xiang-hua, Ren Jian-xun. Optimization of liquid cooling networks with couple parallel connections using Lagrange multipliers[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Sci. &Tech.), 2008,48(8):1359-1361.]
[22] 程雪涛,徐向华,梁新刚.(火积)在航天器热控系统并联热网络优化中的应用[J]. 中国科学:技术科学, 2011, 41(4): 507-514.[ Cheng Xue-tao, Xu Xiang-hua, Liang Xin-gang. Application of entransy to optimization design of parallel thermal network of thermal control system in spacecraft[J].Science China: Technological Science, 2011, 41(4): 507- 514.]
[23] 侯增祺,胡金刚.航天器热控制技术[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2007.
[2] 张立,范含林.单相流体回路系统的性能集成分析[J].中国空间科学技术, 2004,24(4):47-53. [Zhang Li, Fan Han-lin. Integrative analysis on thermal and flow performance of single-phase fluid loop system[J]. Chinese Space Science and Technology, 2004, 24(4): 47-53.]
[3] 张立,范含林. 单相流体回路工质的优选研究[J].航天器工程, 2007,16(3):69-73. [Zhang Li, Fan Han-lin. Study on selecting the working fluid for single-phase fluid loop system, Spacecraft Engineering, 2007,16(3): 69-73.]
[4] 范宇峰,黄家荣. 工质粘度对单相流体回路工作性能的影响[J]. 低温工程,2007(3):20-24. [Fan Yu-feng, Huang Jia-rong. Operational performance influence of fluid viscosity on single-phase fluid loop[J]. Cryogenics,2007(3):20-24.]
[5] 宁献文,张加迅,赵欣. 卫星单相流体回路热控系统前馈PID控制[J]. 中国空间科学技术, 2008, 28(4):1-6. [Ning Xian-wen, Zhang Jia-xun, Zhao Xin. Feed forward PID control of satellite single-phase fluid loop thermal control system[J].Chinese Space Science and Technology, 2008, 28(4):1-6.]
[6] 宁献文,张加迅,赵欣. 卫星流体回路技术的动态热模型与仿真[J]. 航天器工程,2007, 16(6):51-56. [Ning Xian-wen, Zhang Jia-xun, Zhao Xin. Dynamical thermal model and simulation of satellite fluid loop spacecraft engineering[J]. 2007, 16(6):51-56. ]
[7] 张学学,刘静,张超. 管肋式空间辐射器强化传热分析与优化设计[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版), 1998(5):32-34.[ Zhang Xue-xue, Liu Jing, Zhang Chao. Study on the heat transfer enhancement and the optimization of a fin-tube radiator of aircraft[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Sci. &Tech.), 1998(5):32-34.]
[8] 李明海,任建勋,梁新刚. 管肋式辐射器排热特性的数值分析与优化设计[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2002, 23(1):88-90. [Li Ming-hai, Ren Jian-xun, Liang Xin-gang. Numerical analysis of heat rejection characteristics and optimum design of fin-tuber radiators[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2002, 23(1):88-90.]
[9] 徐向华,程雪涛,梁新刚. 载人航天器主动热控制系统流体回路的优化设计[J].宇航学报, 2011, 32(10): 2285-2292. [Xu Xiang-hua, Cheng Xue-tao, Liang Xin-gang. Design and optimization for fluid loops of active thermal control system in manned spacecraft[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2011,32(10):2285-2292.]
[10] 彭灿,徐向华,梁新刚. 载人航天器主动热控系统热负荷布局优化[J]. 宇航学报, 2015, 38(8): 974-980. [Peng Can, Xu Xiang-hua, Liang Xin-gang. Optimization on heat load arrangement for active thermal control system of manned spacecraft[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2015,38(8):974- 980.]
[11] Guo Z Y, Zhu H Y, Liang X G. Entransy—A physical quantity describing heat transfer ability[J]. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 2007, 50(13): 2545-2556.
[12] 程雪涛,梁新刚,过增元. 孤立系统内传热过程的(火积)减原理[J]. 科学通报, 2011, 56(3):222-230. [Cheng Xue-tao, Liang Xin-gang, Guo Zeng-yuan. potential entransy decrease principle of heat transfer in isolated systems[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2011,56(3):222- 230.]
[13] 程雪涛,徐向华,梁新刚.(火积)在航天器热控系统并联热网络优化中的应用[J].中国科学E辑:技术科学, 2011(41)4:507-514.[Cheng Xue-tao, Xu Xiang-hua. Application of entransy in parallel connection thermal network of thermal control system[J]. Science in China (Series E:Technological Sciences), 2011(41)4:507-514.]
[14] 过增元,程新广,夏再忠.最小热量传递势容耗散原理及其在导热优化中的应用[J].科学通报,2003,48:21-25.[Guo Zeng-yuan, Cheng Xin-guang, Xia Zai-zong. Least dissipation principle of heat transport potential capacity and its applications in heat conduction optimization[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2003,48: 21-25.]
[15] Cheng X T, Liang X G. Entransy flux of thermal radiation and its application to enclosures with opaque surfaces[J]. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 2011,54(1-3): 269-278.
[16] Chen Q, Wang M R, Pan N, et al. Optimization principles for convective heat transfer[J]. Energy, 2009, 34(9): 1199-1206.
[17] 程新广.(火积)及其在传热优化中的应用[D].北京:清华大学,2004.[Cheng Xin-Guang. Entranspy and its applications in heat transfer optimization[D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2004.]
[18] 吴晶,梁新刚.(火积)耗散极值原理在辐射换热优化中的应用[J].中国科学E辑:技术科学, 2009,39(2):272-277. [Wu Jing, Liang Xin-gang. Application of entransy extreme principle in radiation transfer optimization[J]. Science in China (Series E:Technological Sciences), 2009,39(2): 272-277.]
[19] 程雪涛,徐向华,梁新刚.空间辐射器的等温化设计[J].工程热物理学报,2010,31(6):1031-1033.[Cheng Xue-tao, Xu Xiang-hua, Liang Xin-gang. Homogenization of temperature field for thermal radiator in space[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2010, 31(6):1031-1033.]
[20] 刘欣,梁新刚. 太空辐射器传热优化设计及分析[J]. 宇航学报,2016, 37(5): 605-611. [ Liu Xin, Liang Xin-gang. Optimization design and analysis of heat transfer for thermal radiator in space[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2016, 37(5):605-611.]
[21] 程雪涛,徐向华,任建勋. 用Lagrange乘子法优化并联液体冷却网络系统[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2008,48(8):1359-1361.[ Cheng Xue-tao, Xu Xiang-hua, Ren Jian-xun. Optimization of liquid cooling networks with couple parallel connections using Lagrange multipliers[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Sci. &Tech.), 2008,48(8):1359-1361.]
[22] 程雪涛,徐向华,梁新刚.(火积)在航天器热控系统并联热网络优化中的应用[J]. 中国科学:技术科学, 2011, 41(4): 507-514.[ Cheng Xue-tao, Xu Xiang-hua, Liang Xin-gang. Application of entransy to optimization design of parallel thermal network of thermal control system in spacecraft[J].Science China: Technological Science, 2011, 41(4): 507- 514.]
[23] 侯增祺,胡金刚.航天器热控制技术[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2007.