应用多级低通滤波法增强深部采空区有效电性特征——以可控源音频大地电磁法在潍日高速公路测区应用为例
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摘要
为了提高潍日高速公路下伏深部煤矿采空区探测精度,采用可控源音频大地电磁法(controlled source audio magnetotellurics,CSAMT)对测区进行探测,并应用"多级"低通滤波法对因多干扰因素影响所产生的不合理电性异常进行滤除,以提高测区采空区探测精度。针对不同异常特点,分步实施"多级"低通滤波。首先对在强干扰背景下获得的原始数据进行异常点剔除;然后,采用中值空间滤波法消除静态效应;最后,利用均值阈值分割法和幂函数法分别去除浅部和深部低阻异常。相比于原始电性特征图,经过"多级"低通滤波处理后的深部采空区有效电性特征得到了明显增强,所刻画的采空区边界更加清晰。依此布设钻孔并实施了钻探,结果表明,物探异常与实际采空区埋深等具有很高的吻合度。方案的有效实施为潍日高速公路施工建设的安全评价提供了可靠的物探依据。
In order to improve the detection accuracy of goaf in deep coal mine under Weiri Expressway,the"multi-stage"low-pass filtering,based on controlled source audiomagnetotellurics (CSAMT),was used to filter out the irrational electrical anomalies caused by multi-interference factors. According to different abnormal characteristics,multi-stage low-pass filtering was implemented step by step. Firstly,outliers from the original data obtained under strong interference background were removed. Secondly,the static effects were eliminated by using the median filter space method. Finally,the shallow and deep low resistivity anomalies respectively by means of mean threshold segmentation and power function were filtered. Compared with the original electrical characteristic map,the effective electrical characteristics of the deep goaf after "multi-stage"low-pass filtering were significantly enhanced,and the boundary of goaf was more clearly. The results show that the geophysical anomalies are in good agreement with the actual goaf depth. Therefore,the effective implementation of this scheme provides a reliable geophysical basis for the safety evaluation of Weiri Expressway construction.
In order to improve the detection accuracy of goaf in deep coal mine under Weiri Expressway,the"multi-stage"low-pass filtering,based on controlled source audiomagnetotellurics (CSAMT),was used to filter out the irrational electrical anomalies caused by multi-interference factors. According to different abnormal characteristics,multi-stage low-pass filtering was implemented step by step. Firstly,outliers from the original data obtained under strong interference background were removed. Secondly,the static effects were eliminated by using the median filter space method. Finally,the shallow and deep low resistivity anomalies respectively by means of mean threshold segmentation and power function were filtered. Compared with the original electrical characteristic map,the effective electrical characteristics of the deep goaf after "multi-stage"low-pass filtering were significantly enhanced,and the boundary of goaf was more clearly. The results show that the geophysical anomalies are in good agreement with the actual goaf depth. Therefore,the effective implementation of this scheme provides a reliable geophysical basis for the safety evaluation of Weiri Expressway construction.
引文
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3 Yan-Ku S,Ru-Yi S.Application of transient electr-omagnetic method in complex coal mine goaf[J].Inner Mongolia Coal Economy,2013,69(6):1541-1552
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6程久龙,潘冬明,李伟,等.强电磁干扰区灾害性采空区探地雷达精细探测研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(2):227-231Cheng Jiulong,Pan Dongming,Li Wei,et al.Study on the detecting of hazard abandoned workings by ground penetrating radar on strong electromagnetic interference area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(2):227-231
7 Unsworth M J,Lu X,Watts M D.CSAMT exploration at Sellafield:characterization of a potential radioactive waste disposal site[J].Geophysics,2000,65(4):1070-1079
8 Hamdi H,Qausar A M,Srigutomo W.CSAMT data processing with source effect and static corrections,application of occam's inversion,and its application in geothermal system[J].Journal of Physics:Conference Series,2016,739:012057
9umanovac F,Ore2kovi C'.Exploration of buried carbonate aquifers by the inverse and forward modelling of the controlled source audiomagnetotelluric data[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2018,153:47-63
10底青云,石昆法,王妙月,等.CSAMT法和高密度电法探测地下水资源[J].地球物理学进展,2001(3):53-57,127Di Qingyun,Shi Kunfa,Wang Miaoyue,et al.Water resources exploration with CSAMT and high density electric resistivity method[J].Progress in Geophysics,2001(3):53-57,127
11卢鸿飞,王志福,王恒,等.CSAMT测深和重力测量技术在哈密白山钼矿深部找矿和远景评价中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2013,28(3):1547-1556Lu Hongfei,Wang Zhifu,Wang Heng,et al.The aoolication of CSAMT and GS on prospecting and evaluation in Baishan molybdenum deposit,Hami,Xinjiang[J].Progress in Geophysics,2013,28(3):1547-1556
12程辉,李帝铨,底青云,等.基于CSAMT法的地基基础评价[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2010,41(4):1561-1568Cheng Hui,Li Diquan,Di Qingyun,et al.Foundation evaluation based on CSAMT method[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2010,41(4):1561-1568
13王伟,高静怀,陈文超,等.基于结构自适应中值滤波器的随机噪声衰减方法[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(5):1732-1741Wang Wei,Gao Jinghuai,Chen Wenchao,et al.Random seismic noise suppression via structure-adaptive median filter[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(5):1732-1741
14康传利,时满星,陈洋,等.一种考虑多尺度噪声的平滑去造方法[J].2018,18(11):110-116Kang Chuanli,Shi Manxing,Chen Yang,et al.A smoothing denoising method considering multi-scale noise[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(11):110-116
15 Bhadouria V S,Ghoshal D,Siddiqi A H.A new approach for high density saturated impulse noise removal using decision-based coupled windowmedian filter[J].Signal Image&Video Processing,2014,8(1):71-84
16林年添,刘洪,李桂花,等.用于速度自动拾取的路径积分优化法与光顺处理技术[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(1):246-254Lin Niantian,Liu Hong,Li Guihua,et al.Auto-picking velocity by path-integral optimization and surface fairing[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(1):246-254
17林年添,柴辉婵,魏立杰,等.速度谱曲面的光顺处理及其作用[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(3):1015-1020Lin Niantian,Chai Huichan,Wei Lijie,et al.Surface fairing with its action on the velocity spectrum[J].Progress in Geophysics,2011,26(3):1015-1020
18赵庆平,陈得宝,姜恩华,等.一种改进权重的非局部均值图像去噪算法[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2014,28(3):334-339Zhao Qingping,Chen Debao,Jiang Enhua,et al.Improved weighted non-local mean algorithm filter for image denoising[J].Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrument,2014,28(3):334-339
19彭建亮,彭真明,张杰,等.基于分数域自适应滤波的地震信号去噪方法[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(4):1730-1737Peng Jianliang,Peng Zhenming,Zhang Jie,et al.Denoising method of seismic signal based on adaptive filtering in fractional domain[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(4):1730-1737
20黄源,徐杜,蒋永平.气门几何尺寸的多种边缘高精度检测[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(2):93-96,103Huang Yuan,Xu Du,Jiang Yongping.Design and implementation of multiple interfaces system based on FPGA[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(2):93-96,103
21李宝顺,王玮,包亚萍,等.一种邻域均值加权最大类间方差的阈值分割法[J].小型微型计算机系统,2014,35(6):1368-1372Li Baoshun,Wang Wei,Bao Yaping,et al.A thresholding segmentation method of neighborhood-mean weighed otsu[J].Journal of Chinese Computer Systems,2014,35(6):1368-1372
22侯彦威,王信文,张卜文,等.中值空间滤波去噪技术研究[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(1):55-57,84Hou Yanwei,Wang Xinwen,Zhang Buwen,et al.Denoising based on median spatial filtering method[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2009,32(1):55-57,84
23杨婧,肖宏跃,蒋亚东,等.几种大地电磁测深资料静态位移校正方法的研究与应用[J].物探化探计算机技术,2015,37(2):187-192Yang Jing,Xiao Hongyue,Jiang Yadong,et al.The study and application of static displacement correction for magnetotelluric sounding data processing[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2015,37(2):187-192
2戴前伟,侯智超,柴新朝,等.瞬变电磁法及EH-4在钼矿采空区探测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2013,28(3):1541-1546Dai Qianwei,Hou Zhichao,Chai Xinchao,et al.Application of transient electromagnetic method and EH-4 to investigation of mined-out areas of molybdenum deposits[J].Progress in Geophysics,2013,28(3):1541-1546
3 Yan-Ku S,Ru-Yi S.Application of transient electr-omagnetic method in complex coal mine goaf[J].Inner Mongolia Coal Economy,2013,69(6):1541-1552
4肖川,张义平,刘超,等.高密度电法在探测煤矿采空区赋水情况的应用研究[J].科学技术与工程,2012,12(30):7999-8003Xiao Chuan,Zhang Yiping,Liu Chao,et al.Research of high-density resistivity method in detection of coal-mine gob water-bearing condition[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2012,12(30):7999-8003
5尹德强,张宏兵,燕柯.高密度电法在工程勘察中实测效果分析[J].科学技术与工程,2012,12(19):4737-4741Yin Deqiang,Zhang Hongbing,Yan Ke.Analysis on measurement result of high-density resistivity method in engineering exploration[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2012,12(19):4737-4741
6程久龙,潘冬明,李伟,等.强电磁干扰区灾害性采空区探地雷达精细探测研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(2):227-231Cheng Jiulong,Pan Dongming,Li Wei,et al.Study on the detecting of hazard abandoned workings by ground penetrating radar on strong electromagnetic interference area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(2):227-231
7 Unsworth M J,Lu X,Watts M D.CSAMT exploration at Sellafield:characterization of a potential radioactive waste disposal site[J].Geophysics,2000,65(4):1070-1079
8 Hamdi H,Qausar A M,Srigutomo W.CSAMT data processing with source effect and static corrections,application of occam's inversion,and its application in geothermal system[J].Journal of Physics:Conference Series,2016,739:012057
9umanovac F,Ore2kovi C'.Exploration of buried carbonate aquifers by the inverse and forward modelling of the controlled source audiomagnetotelluric data[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2018,153:47-63
10底青云,石昆法,王妙月,等.CSAMT法和高密度电法探测地下水资源[J].地球物理学进展,2001(3):53-57,127Di Qingyun,Shi Kunfa,Wang Miaoyue,et al.Water resources exploration with CSAMT and high density electric resistivity method[J].Progress in Geophysics,2001(3):53-57,127
11卢鸿飞,王志福,王恒,等.CSAMT测深和重力测量技术在哈密白山钼矿深部找矿和远景评价中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2013,28(3):1547-1556Lu Hongfei,Wang Zhifu,Wang Heng,et al.The aoolication of CSAMT and GS on prospecting and evaluation in Baishan molybdenum deposit,Hami,Xinjiang[J].Progress in Geophysics,2013,28(3):1547-1556
12程辉,李帝铨,底青云,等.基于CSAMT法的地基基础评价[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2010,41(4):1561-1568Cheng Hui,Li Diquan,Di Qingyun,et al.Foundation evaluation based on CSAMT method[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2010,41(4):1561-1568
13王伟,高静怀,陈文超,等.基于结构自适应中值滤波器的随机噪声衰减方法[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(5):1732-1741Wang Wei,Gao Jinghuai,Chen Wenchao,et al.Random seismic noise suppression via structure-adaptive median filter[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(5):1732-1741
14康传利,时满星,陈洋,等.一种考虑多尺度噪声的平滑去造方法[J].2018,18(11):110-116Kang Chuanli,Shi Manxing,Chen Yang,et al.A smoothing denoising method considering multi-scale noise[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(11):110-116
15 Bhadouria V S,Ghoshal D,Siddiqi A H.A new approach for high density saturated impulse noise removal using decision-based coupled windowmedian filter[J].Signal Image&Video Processing,2014,8(1):71-84
16林年添,刘洪,李桂花,等.用于速度自动拾取的路径积分优化法与光顺处理技术[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(1):246-254Lin Niantian,Liu Hong,Li Guihua,et al.Auto-picking velocity by path-integral optimization and surface fairing[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(1):246-254
17林年添,柴辉婵,魏立杰,等.速度谱曲面的光顺处理及其作用[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(3):1015-1020Lin Niantian,Chai Huichan,Wei Lijie,et al.Surface fairing with its action on the velocity spectrum[J].Progress in Geophysics,2011,26(3):1015-1020
18赵庆平,陈得宝,姜恩华,等.一种改进权重的非局部均值图像去噪算法[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2014,28(3):334-339Zhao Qingping,Chen Debao,Jiang Enhua,et al.Improved weighted non-local mean algorithm filter for image denoising[J].Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrument,2014,28(3):334-339
19彭建亮,彭真明,张杰,等.基于分数域自适应滤波的地震信号去噪方法[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(4):1730-1737Peng Jianliang,Peng Zhenming,Zhang Jie,et al.Denoising method of seismic signal based on adaptive filtering in fractional domain[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(4):1730-1737
20黄源,徐杜,蒋永平.气门几何尺寸的多种边缘高精度检测[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(2):93-96,103Huang Yuan,Xu Du,Jiang Yongping.Design and implementation of multiple interfaces system based on FPGA[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(2):93-96,103
21李宝顺,王玮,包亚萍,等.一种邻域均值加权最大类间方差的阈值分割法[J].小型微型计算机系统,2014,35(6):1368-1372Li Baoshun,Wang Wei,Bao Yaping,et al.A thresholding segmentation method of neighborhood-mean weighed otsu[J].Journal of Chinese Computer Systems,2014,35(6):1368-1372
22侯彦威,王信文,张卜文,等.中值空间滤波去噪技术研究[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(1):55-57,84Hou Yanwei,Wang Xinwen,Zhang Buwen,et al.Denoising based on median spatial filtering method[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2009,32(1):55-57,84
23杨婧,肖宏跃,蒋亚东,等.几种大地电磁测深资料静态位移校正方法的研究与应用[J].物探化探计算机技术,2015,37(2):187-192Yang Jing,Xiao Hongyue,Jiang Yadong,et al.The study and application of static displacement correction for magnetotelluric sounding data processing[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2015,37(2):187-192