无人机信息安全研究综述
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摘要
随着科技的进步和制造成本的不断降低,无人机已经从军用领域开始走进工业生产和人们的日常生活.如今,无人机已经广泛应用于影视拍摄、农业监测、电力巡检、个人航拍、气象监测、森林火灾探测、交通控制、货物运输及应急救援等领域.然而,无人机在给我们的生产生活带来各种便利的同时,其所面临的安全问题也逐渐暴露出来.该文首先介绍了当前无人机的发展现状,然后介绍了无人机的组成结构和应用,之后分别从保密性、完整性和可用性方面系统地阐述了当前无人机所面临的信息安全威胁.接着,该文着重从传感器、通信、软件和网络四个方面对无人机所面临的安全威胁、现有安全防护措施以及国内外的研究现状进行了详细的阐述和分析.其中,结合当前国内外最新的研究成果和我们实验室的研究和实验,重点对针对无人机的卫星导航信号的欺骗攻击和针对无人机通讯安全的攻击及其应对措施进行了阐述和分析.最后,对无人机的安全和管理的未来研究方向进行了展望.
With the rapid advancements of technology and the decreasing of the manufacturing cost,unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),also commonly known as drones,are spreading from military areas to industrial production and people's daily lives,during the past few decades.Nowadays,UAVs are now more easily accessible to the public and thus numerous new applications in civilian and commercial domains have emerged,with typical examples including film shooting,agricultural inspection,electrical inspection,personal photography,weather monitoring,forest fire detection,traffic control,cargo transport,emergency search and rescue.However,while a UAV gives people all kinds of conveniences,the cyber security problem of the UAV is gradually exposed.That is,cyber security is critically important for the success of the UAVs.In this article,we first give a state-of-the-art overview of UAV development,introduces the composition structure and various applications of the UAVs,and discuss the cyber security threats faced by the UAVs from the aspects of confidentiality,integrity and availability.In particular,this paper presents the cyber security threats,existing security protection measures,and the current research progress at home and abroad on the UAVs from the four aspects(i.e.,sensor node,communication link,software and network)in details.Here we consider the sensor security of the UAVs as an example.Firstly,multiple sensor devices such as gyroscopes,accelerometers,magnetometers and barometers are often used in the design of the UAVs in order to achieve various functions.The erroneous data collected by a sensor node may make the UAV to make a wrong decision,which affects the flight safety of the UAV and even lead to its crash.The traditional sensor security research generally focuses on the security of data transmission in the sensor networks,but often ignores the security threat analysis and protection of the sensor node itself.In addition,due to technical or cost constraints,commercial sensors in a UAV are usually unable to distinguish normal and abnormal information.We have summarized and analyzed the current situation of the research on the sensors used in the UAVs.At present,there are two kinds of cyber security attacks for the UAVs,which are ultrasonic jamming on gyroscope and GPS deception.we have developed a low-cost record-and-replay system based on a software defined radio device.Also,this article reports the experimental results of some cyber security attacks and defense mechanisms on the UAVs.Especially,global positioning system(GPS)spoofing attack and defense on the UAVs are described in details.Moreover,our proposed UAV control system and its experimental results are described.This system does not need any physical contact or other electronic intrusion of the UAV system,and this method is applicable to most of the UAV models based on satellite navigation signal for navigation.The system can avoid the weaknesses of other UAV control methods such as resulting in UAV falling out of control and causing secondary disasters.Finally,the future research directions of the UAV security and management are discussed.Work in this direction is still in its early stages,and thus we hope this paper will stimulate further interest from researchers and engineers.
With the rapid advancements of technology and the decreasing of the manufacturing cost,unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),also commonly known as drones,are spreading from military areas to industrial production and people's daily lives,during the past few decades.Nowadays,UAVs are now more easily accessible to the public and thus numerous new applications in civilian and commercial domains have emerged,with typical examples including film shooting,agricultural inspection,electrical inspection,personal photography,weather monitoring,forest fire detection,traffic control,cargo transport,emergency search and rescue.However,while a UAV gives people all kinds of conveniences,the cyber security problem of the UAV is gradually exposed.That is,cyber security is critically important for the success of the UAVs.In this article,we first give a state-of-the-art overview of UAV development,introduces the composition structure and various applications of the UAVs,and discuss the cyber security threats faced by the UAVs from the aspects of confidentiality,integrity and availability.In particular,this paper presents the cyber security threats,existing security protection measures,and the current research progress at home and abroad on the UAVs from the four aspects(i.e.,sensor node,communication link,software and network)in details.Here we consider the sensor security of the UAVs as an example.Firstly,multiple sensor devices such as gyroscopes,accelerometers,magnetometers and barometers are often used in the design of the UAVs in order to achieve various functions.The erroneous data collected by a sensor node may make the UAV to make a wrong decision,which affects the flight safety of the UAV and even lead to its crash.The traditional sensor security research generally focuses on the security of data transmission in the sensor networks,but often ignores the security threat analysis and protection of the sensor node itself.In addition,due to technical or cost constraints,commercial sensors in a UAV are usually unable to distinguish normal and abnormal information.We have summarized and analyzed the current situation of the research on the sensors used in the UAVs.At present,there are two kinds of cyber security attacks for the UAVs,which are ultrasonic jamming on gyroscope and GPS deception.we have developed a low-cost record-and-replay system based on a software defined radio device.Also,this article reports the experimental results of some cyber security attacks and defense mechanisms on the UAVs.Especially,global positioning system(GPS)spoofing attack and defense on the UAVs are described in details.Moreover,our proposed UAV control system and its experimental results are described.This system does not need any physical contact or other electronic intrusion of the UAV system,and this method is applicable to most of the UAV models based on satellite navigation signal for navigation.The system can avoid the weaknesses of other UAV control methods such as resulting in UAV falling out of control and causing secondary disasters.Finally,the future research directions of the UAV security and management are discussed.Work in this direction is still in its early stages,and thus we hope this paper will stimulate further interest from researchers and engineers.
引文
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(1)http://www.iresearch.com.cn/report/2588.html
(1)https://security.tencent.com/index.php/blog/msg/103
(2)http://www.aircrack-ng.org/
(3)Crook J.Infamous Hacker Creates SkyJack To Hunt,Hack,And Control Other Drones?Internet:http://techcrunch.com/2013/12/04/infamoushacker-creates-skyjackto-hunt-hack-and-control-other-drones/
(1)How to remotely hijack drones?Secret the first UAV back door http://www.freebuf.com/news/57690.html
(2)Watch Black Hat Asia black hat Asia Summit:UAV and fly away http://www.freebuf.com/news/100625.html
(3)The security challenges facing the human computer-who moved my drones?http://www.360doc.cn/article/633076_168061138.html
(4)NoFlyZone to help you set up a no fly zone over your house.http://techcrunch.cn/2015/02/23/noflyzone-lets-you-establish-a-no-fly-zone-over-your-property/
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[5]Grenzd9rffer G,Engel A,Teichert B.The photogrammetric potential of low-cost UAVs in forestry and agriculture//Proceedings of the International Archives of the Photogrammetry,Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences.Beijing,China,2008,37(B1):1207-1213
[6]Caris M,Stanko S,Sommer R,Wahlen A.SAPape-Synthetic aperture radar for all weather penetrating UAV application//Proceedings of the 14th International Radar Symposium(IRS).Dresden,Germany,2013:41-46
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(1)http://www.iresearch.com.cn/report/2588.html
(1)https://security.tencent.com/index.php/blog/msg/103
(2)http://www.aircrack-ng.org/
(3)Crook J.Infamous Hacker Creates SkyJack To Hunt,Hack,And Control Other Drones?Internet:http://techcrunch.com/2013/12/04/infamoushacker-creates-skyjackto-hunt-hack-and-control-other-drones/
(1)How to remotely hijack drones?Secret the first UAV back door http://www.freebuf.com/news/57690.html
(2)Watch Black Hat Asia black hat Asia Summit:UAV and fly away http://www.freebuf.com/news/100625.html
(3)The security challenges facing the human computer-who moved my drones?http://www.360doc.cn/article/633076_168061138.html
(4)NoFlyZone to help you set up a no fly zone over your house.http://techcrunch.cn/2015/02/23/noflyzone-lets-you-establish-a-no-fly-zone-over-your-property/