1654年甘肃天水南8级地震补充考证
|
摘要
简要回顾了1654年天水南8级地震的研究历史,结合原有史料和新补充调查所获得的资料,核定了各破坏点的地震烈度,进而改绘了地震等震线图,其长轴方向为NE向。此次地震除造成大范围的城垣毁坏、房屋倒塌和人员伤亡之外,滑坡、山崩和堰塞湖等地震地质灾害也非常严重。其极震区位于礼县以东的西汉水河谷永兴镇—罗家堡—天水镇一带。该区发育了全新世活动的礼县—罗家堡断裂,其性质为左旋走滑兼正断。根据最新调查结果,该断裂沿礼县—盐关—罗家堡一带保存了地震陡坎、纹沟左旋和地震沟槽等地震地表破裂带形迹,其地理位置与历史资料考证所确定的极震区范围一致,印证了二者结论的可靠性和合理性。
A large earthquake occurred at Luojiabu town,between the two cities of Tianshui and Lixian in the south of Gansu Province on July 21,1654,that is,June 8-the eleventh year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty.It is called the Southern Tianshui earthquake with magnitude about8.This paper simply reviews the research history of the Southern Tianshui M8 earthquake in1654.Then,according to the original historical earthquake data and new data by additional investigation in recent years,we check the intensities of the destoried sites,and then modify the seismic isoseismal line again,where the long axis is about the NE direction.This earthquake caused a large area of the town wall to collapse,civilian houses were ruined,and a large number of people died or were injured.It also caused serious seismic-geological disasters,such as landslips,rock collapses,and sag lakes.The epicenter area was located in the area from Yongxing,Luojiabu to Tianshui town along the valley of the western Hanshui River,west of Lixian county city.This area developed an active fault in Holocene,the Lixian-Luojiabu fault,which is characterized by left-lateral strike-slip faulting by normal components.According to recent field investigations,there are some earthquake rupture traces,such as seismic fault scarps,small valley left-lateral offsets,and seismic fault grooves along the Lixian-Yanguan-Luojiabu segment of the fault.The location of the earthquake rupture is consistent with the heavily-damaged area affirmed by historical textual criticism data,and confirmed both of them the reliability and rationality of the results.
A large earthquake occurred at Luojiabu town,between the two cities of Tianshui and Lixian in the south of Gansu Province on July 21,1654,that is,June 8-the eleventh year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty.It is called the Southern Tianshui earthquake with magnitude about8.This paper simply reviews the research history of the Southern Tianshui M8 earthquake in1654.Then,according to the original historical earthquake data and new data by additional investigation in recent years,we check the intensities of the destoried sites,and then modify the seismic isoseismal line again,where the long axis is about the NE direction.This earthquake caused a large area of the town wall to collapse,civilian houses were ruined,and a large number of people died or were injured.It also caused serious seismic-geological disasters,such as landslips,rock collapses,and sag lakes.The epicenter area was located in the area from Yongxing,Luojiabu to Tianshui town along the valley of the western Hanshui River,west of Lixian county city.This area developed an active fault in Holocene,the Lixian-Luojiabu fault,which is characterized by left-lateral strike-slip faulting by normal components.According to recent field investigations,there are some earthquake rupture traces,such as seismic fault scarps,small valley left-lateral offsets,and seismic fault grooves along the Lixian-Yanguan-Luojiabu segment of the fault.The location of the earthquake rupture is consistent with the heavily-damaged area affirmed by historical textual criticism data,and confirmed both of them the reliability and rationality of the results.
引文
[1]袁道阳,张培震,刘百篪,等.青藏高原东北缘晚第四纪活动构造的几何图像与构造转换[J].地质学报,2004,78(2):270-278.YUAN Dao-yang,ZHANG Pei-zhen,LIU Bai-chi,et al.Geometrical imagery and transformation of late Quaternary active tectonics in northeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang plateau[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2004,78(2):270-278.(in Chinese)
[2]郑文俊,袁道阳,何文贵,等.甘肃东南地区构造活动与2013年岷县—漳县MS6.6级地震孕震机制[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(12):4058-4071.doi:10.6038/cjg20131211.ZHENG Wen-jun,YUAN Dao-yang,HE Wen-gui,et al.Geometric Pattern and Active Tectonics in Southeastern Gansu Province:Discussion on Seismogenic Mechanism of the Minxian-Zhangxian MS6.6Earthquake on July 22,2013[J].Chinese Journal Geophysics,2013,56(12):4058-4071.doi:10.6038/cjg20131211.(in Chinese)
[3]郑文俊,闵伟,何文贵,等.2013年甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震震害分布特征及发震构造分析[J].地震地质,2013,35(3):604-615.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2013.03.014.ZHENG Wen-jun,MIN Wei,HE Wen-gui,et al.Distribution of the Related Disaster and the Causative Tectonic of the Minxian-Zhangxian MS6.6Earthquake on July 22,2013,Gansu,China[J].Seismology and Geology,2013,35(3):604-615.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2013.03.014.(in Chinese)
[4]袁道阳,雷中生,葛伟鹏,等.对143年甘谷西7级地震史料的新见解[J].西北地震学报,2007,29(1):58-63.YUAN Dao-yang,LEI Zhong-sheng,GE Wei-peng,et al.A New Opinion About the 143 West of Gangu M7.0Earthquake in Gansu Province[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2007,29(1):58-63.(in Chinese)
[5]袁道阳,雷中生,何文贵,等.公元前186年武都地震考证与发震构造分析[J].地震学报,2007,29(6):654-663.YUAN Dao-yang,LEI Zhong-sheng,HE Wen-gui,et al.Textual Research of Wudu Earthquake in 186B.C.in Gansu Province,China and Discussion on Its Causative Structure[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2007,29(6):654-663.(in Chinese)
[6]袁道阳,雷中生,刘兴旺,等.公元842年甘肃碌曲地震考证与发震构造探讨[J].地震地质,2014,36(3):509-624.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2014.03.YUAN Dao-yang,LEI Zhong-sheng,LIU Xing-wang,et al.Textural research of Luqu Earthquake in 842 AD in Gansu Province and Analysis of its Causative Structure[J].Seismology and Geology,2014,36(3):509-624.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2014.03.(in Chinese)
[7]袁道阳,雷中生,杨青云,等.1879年甘肃武都南8级地震的震灾特征[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2014,50(5):611-621.YUAN Dao-yang,LEI Zhong-sheng,YANG Qing-yun,et al.Seismic Disaster Features of the 1879 Southern Wudu M8Earthquake in Gansu Province[J].Journal of Lanzhou University:Natural Sciences,2014,50(5):611-621.(in Chinese)
[8]袁道阳,杨青云,雷中生,等.四川北部地区三次中强历史地震补充考证[J].地震工程学报,2016,38(2):226-235.YUAN Dao-yang,YANG Qing-yun,LEI Zhong-sheng,et al.Additional Textural Criticism of Three Moderate-strong Historical Earthquake in the Northern Region of Sichuan Province[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2016,38(2):226-235.(in Chinese)
[9]中央地震工作小组办公室.中国地震目录(第一、二册合订本)[M].北京:科学出版社,1971.China Central Earthquake Working Group Office.Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes(The First and Second Volumes of Bound Edition)[M].Beijing:Science Press,1971.(in Chinese)
[10]国家地震局兰州地震研究所.陕甘宁青四省(区)强震目录[MJ].西安:陕西科技出版社,1985.Lanzhou Institute of Seismology,SSB.Catalogue of Shanxi,Gansu,Ningxia and Qinghai four provinces or Municipality Strong Earthquakes[M].Xi’an:Shaanxi Scientific and Technological Press,1985.(in Chinese).
[11]顾功叙.中国地震目录[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.GU Gong-xu.Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes[M].Beijing:Science Press,1983.(in Chinese)
[12]国家地震局震害防御司.中国历史强地震目录[M].北京:地震出版社,1995.Earthquake Disaster Recovery Department,SSB.Catalogue of Chinese Strong Historical Earthquakes[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1995.(in Chinese)
[13]韩竹军,向宏发,冉勇康.青藏高原东缘礼县—罗家堡断裂带晚更新世以来的活动性分析[J].地震地质,2001,23(1):43-48.HAN Zhu-jun,XIANG Hong-fa,RAN Yong-kang.Activity Analysis of Lixian-Luojiabu Fault Zone in the East Boundary of Tibetan Plateau since the Late Pleistocene[J].Seismology and Geology,2001,23(1)43-48.(in Chinese)
[14]杨晓平,冯希杰,黄雄南,等.礼县—罗家堡断裂晚第四纪活动特征:兼论1654年礼县8级地震孕震机制[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(2):504-519.doi:10.6038/cjg20150214.YANG Xiao-ping,FENG Xi-jie,HUANG Xiong-nan,et al.The late Quaternary Activity Characteristics of the LixianLuojiabu Fault:A Discussion on the Seismogenic Mechanism of the Lixian M8Earthquake in 1654[J].Chinese J Geophys.2015,59(7):2528-2538.doi:10.6038/cjg20160718.(in Chinese)
[15]谢毓寿,蔡美彪.中国地震历史资料汇编[M].第三卷上册.北京:科学出版社,1987.XIE Yu-shou,CAI Mei-biao.Summary of the Chinese Historical Earthquake Records[M].(the First Volume of No.3).Beijing:Science Press,1987.(in Chinese)
[16]国家地震局兰州地震研究所.甘肃省地震资料汇编[M].北京:地震出版社,1989.Lanzhou Institute of Seismology,SSB.Summary of the Gansu Historical Earthquake Records[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1989.(in Chinese)
[17]程平.陕西古塔[M].西安:陕西科技出版社,1994.CHENG Ping.Ancient Towers in Shaanxi Province[M].Xi’an:Shaanxi Science and Technology Press,1994.(in Chinese)
[18]扶风县志编纂委员会.扶风县志[M].西安:陕西人民出版社,1993.Compiling Committee of Annals of Fufeng County.Annals of Fufeng County[M].Xi’an:Shaanxi People’s Publishing House,1993.(in Chinese)
[19]长武县志编纂委员会.长武县志[M].西安:陕西人民出版社,2000.Compiling Committee of Annals of Changwu County.Annals of Changwu County[M].Xi’an:Shaanxi People’s Publishing House,2000.(in Chinese)
[20]张如锦.淳化县志[M].康熙四十年刊本.ZHANG Ru-jin.Annals of Zhunhua County[M].The Annal of Empiror Kangxi Forty Year in Qing Dynasity.(in Chinese)
[21]咸阳市地方志编纂委员会.咸阳市志[M].西安:陕西人民出版社,1996.Compiling Committee of Annals of Xianyang City.Annals of Xianyang City[M].Xi’an:Shaanxi People’s Publishing House,1996.(in Chinese)
[22]泾川县志编纂委员会.泾川县志[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1996.Compiling Committee of Annals of Jingchuan County.Annals of Jingchuan County[M].Lanzhou:Gansu People’s Publishing House,1996.(in Chinese)
[23](清)许容,李迪.甘肃通志[M].XU Rong,LI Di(Qing Dynasty).General Annals of Gansu Province[M].(in Chinese)
[24]武功县志编纂委员会.武功县志[M].西安:陕西人民出版社,2001.Compiling Committee of Annals of Wugong County.Annals of Wugong County[M].Xi’an:Shaanxi People’s Publishing House,2001.(in Chinese)
[25]安康地区志编纂委员会.安康地区志[M].西安:陕西人民出版社,2004.Compiling Committee of Annals of Ankang Region.Annals of Ankang Region[M].Xi’an:Shaanxi People’s Publishing House,2004.(in Chinese)
[26]甘肃省地方史志编纂委员会,甘肃省民政志编委会.甘肃省志.民政志[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1994.Local Chronicles Compilation Committee of Gansu Province,Compiling Committee of Civil Administration of Gansu Province.Annals of Civil Administration of Gansu Province[M].Lanzhou:Gansu People’s Publishing House,1994.(in Chinese)
[27]临洮县志编纂委员会.临洮县志[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1990.Compiling Committee of Annals of Lintao County.Annals of Lintao County[M].Lanzhou:Gansu People’s Publishing House,1990.(in Chinese)
[28]天水市地方志编纂委员会.天水市志[M].北京:方志出版社,2004.Local Chronicles Compilation Committee of Tianshui.Annals of Tianshui[M].Beijing:Local Press,2004.(in Chinese)
[29]闫虎林,安培玉.木门道[M].北京:中国文史出版社,2014.YAN Hu-lin,AN Pei-yu.Mumen Dao[M].Beijing:Chinese Literature Press,2014.(in Chinese)
[30]刘百篪,周俊喜,李秦梅,等.1718年通渭地震和1654年天水地震地区航空照片判读[J].地震科学研究,1984(1):3-4.LIU Bai-chi,ZHOU Jun-xi,LI Qin-mei,et al.Air-photoes Interpretation of the Tongwei Earthquake in 1718and Tianshui Earthquake in 1654[J].Research on Earthquake Science,1984(1):3-4.(in Chinese)
[31]乾隆通渭县志书[M].卷4.Annals of Tongwei in Emperior Qianlong in Qing Dynasty[M].No.4.(in Chinese)
[32]康县志志编纂委员会.康县志[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1989.Compiling Committee of Annals of Kang County.Annals of Kang County[M].Lanzhou:Gansu People’s Publishing House,1989.(in Chinese)
[33]国家质量技术监督局.GB/T17742-1999,中国地震烈度表[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1999.China State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision.(GB/T17742-1999),China Earthquake Intensity Table[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,1999.(in Chinese)
[34]李志强,袁一凡,李晓丽,等.汶川MS8.0级特大地震破坏特征初步研究[J].地震地质,2008,30(4):855-876.LI Zhi-qiang,YUAN Yi-fang,LI Xiao-li,et al.Preliminary Research on the Characteristics of the MS8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake Hazard[J].Seismolgy and Geology,2008,30(4):855-876.(in Chinese)
[35]郭增建,秦保燕,徐文耀,等.震源孕育模式的初步讨论[J].地球物理学报,1973,16(1):43-48.GUO Zhen-jian,QIN Bao-yan,XU Wen-yao,et al.Preliminary Study on a Model for the Development of the Focus of an Earthquake[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,1973,16(1):43-48.(in Chinese)
[36]蒋梅,董治平,侯远文.甘宁青地区地震震级与烈度和有感距离的关系[J].西北地震学报,1997,19(增刊):133-137.JIANG Mei,DONG Zhi-ping,HOU Yuan-wen.The Relationship of Earthquake Magnitude,Intensity and Felling Distance in Gansu,Ningxia and Qinghai Regions[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,1997,19(Supp):133-137.(in Chinese)
[37]徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):597-629.XU Xi-wei,WEN Xue-ze,YE Jian-qing,et al.The MS8.0Wenchuan Earthquake Surface Ruptures and Its Seismogenic Structure[J].Seismolgy and Geology,2008,30(3):597-629.(in Chinese)
[38]张培震,闻学泽,徐锡伟,等.2008年汶川8.0级特大地震孕震和发生的多单元组合模式[J].科学通报,2009,54(7):944-953.ZHANG Pei-zhen,WEN Xue-ze,XU Xi-wei,et al.Tectonic Model of the Great Wenchuan Earthquake of May 12,2008,Sichuan,China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2009,54(7):944-953.(in Chinese)
(1)李善邦,中国地震目录.1960.
(2)中国科学院兰州地球物理研究所.天水地区地震调查报告.1966.
(3)平凉市档案局.平凉市(县)自然灾害记实录,2000.
(4)(清)张晋.四灾异词·纪震.
(5)冯学才.我国地震滑坡.1985.
(6)何治民.秦州道教胜寺·云雾山岱嶽庙,2010:1-3,34-35.
[2]郑文俊,袁道阳,何文贵,等.甘肃东南地区构造活动与2013年岷县—漳县MS6.6级地震孕震机制[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(12):4058-4071.doi:10.6038/cjg20131211.ZHENG Wen-jun,YUAN Dao-yang,HE Wen-gui,et al.Geometric Pattern and Active Tectonics in Southeastern Gansu Province:Discussion on Seismogenic Mechanism of the Minxian-Zhangxian MS6.6Earthquake on July 22,2013[J].Chinese Journal Geophysics,2013,56(12):4058-4071.doi:10.6038/cjg20131211.(in Chinese)
[3]郑文俊,闵伟,何文贵,等.2013年甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震震害分布特征及发震构造分析[J].地震地质,2013,35(3):604-615.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2013.03.014.ZHENG Wen-jun,MIN Wei,HE Wen-gui,et al.Distribution of the Related Disaster and the Causative Tectonic of the Minxian-Zhangxian MS6.6Earthquake on July 22,2013,Gansu,China[J].Seismology and Geology,2013,35(3):604-615.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2013.03.014.(in Chinese)
[4]袁道阳,雷中生,葛伟鹏,等.对143年甘谷西7级地震史料的新见解[J].西北地震学报,2007,29(1):58-63.YUAN Dao-yang,LEI Zhong-sheng,GE Wei-peng,et al.A New Opinion About the 143 West of Gangu M7.0Earthquake in Gansu Province[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2007,29(1):58-63.(in Chinese)
[5]袁道阳,雷中生,何文贵,等.公元前186年武都地震考证与发震构造分析[J].地震学报,2007,29(6):654-663.YUAN Dao-yang,LEI Zhong-sheng,HE Wen-gui,et al.Textual Research of Wudu Earthquake in 186B.C.in Gansu Province,China and Discussion on Its Causative Structure[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2007,29(6):654-663.(in Chinese)
[6]袁道阳,雷中生,刘兴旺,等.公元842年甘肃碌曲地震考证与发震构造探讨[J].地震地质,2014,36(3):509-624.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2014.03.YUAN Dao-yang,LEI Zhong-sheng,LIU Xing-wang,et al.Textural research of Luqu Earthquake in 842 AD in Gansu Province and Analysis of its Causative Structure[J].Seismology and Geology,2014,36(3):509-624.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2014.03.(in Chinese)
[7]袁道阳,雷中生,杨青云,等.1879年甘肃武都南8级地震的震灾特征[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2014,50(5):611-621.YUAN Dao-yang,LEI Zhong-sheng,YANG Qing-yun,et al.Seismic Disaster Features of the 1879 Southern Wudu M8Earthquake in Gansu Province[J].Journal of Lanzhou University:Natural Sciences,2014,50(5):611-621.(in Chinese)
[8]袁道阳,杨青云,雷中生,等.四川北部地区三次中强历史地震补充考证[J].地震工程学报,2016,38(2):226-235.YUAN Dao-yang,YANG Qing-yun,LEI Zhong-sheng,et al.Additional Textural Criticism of Three Moderate-strong Historical Earthquake in the Northern Region of Sichuan Province[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2016,38(2):226-235.(in Chinese)
[9]中央地震工作小组办公室.中国地震目录(第一、二册合订本)[M].北京:科学出版社,1971.China Central Earthquake Working Group Office.Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes(The First and Second Volumes of Bound Edition)[M].Beijing:Science Press,1971.(in Chinese)
[10]国家地震局兰州地震研究所.陕甘宁青四省(区)强震目录[MJ].西安:陕西科技出版社,1985.Lanzhou Institute of Seismology,SSB.Catalogue of Shanxi,Gansu,Ningxia and Qinghai four provinces or Municipality Strong Earthquakes[M].Xi’an:Shaanxi Scientific and Technological Press,1985.(in Chinese).
[11]顾功叙.中国地震目录[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.GU Gong-xu.Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes[M].Beijing:Science Press,1983.(in Chinese)
[12]国家地震局震害防御司.中国历史强地震目录[M].北京:地震出版社,1995.Earthquake Disaster Recovery Department,SSB.Catalogue of Chinese Strong Historical Earthquakes[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1995.(in Chinese)
[13]韩竹军,向宏发,冉勇康.青藏高原东缘礼县—罗家堡断裂带晚更新世以来的活动性分析[J].地震地质,2001,23(1):43-48.HAN Zhu-jun,XIANG Hong-fa,RAN Yong-kang.Activity Analysis of Lixian-Luojiabu Fault Zone in the East Boundary of Tibetan Plateau since the Late Pleistocene[J].Seismology and Geology,2001,23(1)43-48.(in Chinese)
[14]杨晓平,冯希杰,黄雄南,等.礼县—罗家堡断裂晚第四纪活动特征:兼论1654年礼县8级地震孕震机制[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(2):504-519.doi:10.6038/cjg20150214.YANG Xiao-ping,FENG Xi-jie,HUANG Xiong-nan,et al.The late Quaternary Activity Characteristics of the LixianLuojiabu Fault:A Discussion on the Seismogenic Mechanism of the Lixian M8Earthquake in 1654[J].Chinese J Geophys.2015,59(7):2528-2538.doi:10.6038/cjg20160718.(in Chinese)
[15]谢毓寿,蔡美彪.中国地震历史资料汇编[M].第三卷上册.北京:科学出版社,1987.XIE Yu-shou,CAI Mei-biao.Summary of the Chinese Historical Earthquake Records[M].(the First Volume of No.3).Beijing:Science Press,1987.(in Chinese)
[16]国家地震局兰州地震研究所.甘肃省地震资料汇编[M].北京:地震出版社,1989.Lanzhou Institute of Seismology,SSB.Summary of the Gansu Historical Earthquake Records[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1989.(in Chinese)
[17]程平.陕西古塔[M].西安:陕西科技出版社,1994.CHENG Ping.Ancient Towers in Shaanxi Province[M].Xi’an:Shaanxi Science and Technology Press,1994.(in Chinese)
[18]扶风县志编纂委员会.扶风县志[M].西安:陕西人民出版社,1993.Compiling Committee of Annals of Fufeng County.Annals of Fufeng County[M].Xi’an:Shaanxi People’s Publishing House,1993.(in Chinese)
[19]长武县志编纂委员会.长武县志[M].西安:陕西人民出版社,2000.Compiling Committee of Annals of Changwu County.Annals of Changwu County[M].Xi’an:Shaanxi People’s Publishing House,2000.(in Chinese)
[20]张如锦.淳化县志[M].康熙四十年刊本.ZHANG Ru-jin.Annals of Zhunhua County[M].The Annal of Empiror Kangxi Forty Year in Qing Dynasity.(in Chinese)
[21]咸阳市地方志编纂委员会.咸阳市志[M].西安:陕西人民出版社,1996.Compiling Committee of Annals of Xianyang City.Annals of Xianyang City[M].Xi’an:Shaanxi People’s Publishing House,1996.(in Chinese)
[22]泾川县志编纂委员会.泾川县志[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1996.Compiling Committee of Annals of Jingchuan County.Annals of Jingchuan County[M].Lanzhou:Gansu People’s Publishing House,1996.(in Chinese)
[23](清)许容,李迪.甘肃通志[M].XU Rong,LI Di(Qing Dynasty).General Annals of Gansu Province[M].(in Chinese)
[24]武功县志编纂委员会.武功县志[M].西安:陕西人民出版社,2001.Compiling Committee of Annals of Wugong County.Annals of Wugong County[M].Xi’an:Shaanxi People’s Publishing House,2001.(in Chinese)
[25]安康地区志编纂委员会.安康地区志[M].西安:陕西人民出版社,2004.Compiling Committee of Annals of Ankang Region.Annals of Ankang Region[M].Xi’an:Shaanxi People’s Publishing House,2004.(in Chinese)
[26]甘肃省地方史志编纂委员会,甘肃省民政志编委会.甘肃省志.民政志[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1994.Local Chronicles Compilation Committee of Gansu Province,Compiling Committee of Civil Administration of Gansu Province.Annals of Civil Administration of Gansu Province[M].Lanzhou:Gansu People’s Publishing House,1994.(in Chinese)
[27]临洮县志编纂委员会.临洮县志[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1990.Compiling Committee of Annals of Lintao County.Annals of Lintao County[M].Lanzhou:Gansu People’s Publishing House,1990.(in Chinese)
[28]天水市地方志编纂委员会.天水市志[M].北京:方志出版社,2004.Local Chronicles Compilation Committee of Tianshui.Annals of Tianshui[M].Beijing:Local Press,2004.(in Chinese)
[29]闫虎林,安培玉.木门道[M].北京:中国文史出版社,2014.YAN Hu-lin,AN Pei-yu.Mumen Dao[M].Beijing:Chinese Literature Press,2014.(in Chinese)
[30]刘百篪,周俊喜,李秦梅,等.1718年通渭地震和1654年天水地震地区航空照片判读[J].地震科学研究,1984(1):3-4.LIU Bai-chi,ZHOU Jun-xi,LI Qin-mei,et al.Air-photoes Interpretation of the Tongwei Earthquake in 1718and Tianshui Earthquake in 1654[J].Research on Earthquake Science,1984(1):3-4.(in Chinese)
[31]乾隆通渭县志书[M].卷4.Annals of Tongwei in Emperior Qianlong in Qing Dynasty[M].No.4.(in Chinese)
[32]康县志志编纂委员会.康县志[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1989.Compiling Committee of Annals of Kang County.Annals of Kang County[M].Lanzhou:Gansu People’s Publishing House,1989.(in Chinese)
[33]国家质量技术监督局.GB/T17742-1999,中国地震烈度表[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1999.China State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision.(GB/T17742-1999),China Earthquake Intensity Table[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,1999.(in Chinese)
[34]李志强,袁一凡,李晓丽,等.汶川MS8.0级特大地震破坏特征初步研究[J].地震地质,2008,30(4):855-876.LI Zhi-qiang,YUAN Yi-fang,LI Xiao-li,et al.Preliminary Research on the Characteristics of the MS8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake Hazard[J].Seismolgy and Geology,2008,30(4):855-876.(in Chinese)
[35]郭增建,秦保燕,徐文耀,等.震源孕育模式的初步讨论[J].地球物理学报,1973,16(1):43-48.GUO Zhen-jian,QIN Bao-yan,XU Wen-yao,et al.Preliminary Study on a Model for the Development of the Focus of an Earthquake[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,1973,16(1):43-48.(in Chinese)
[36]蒋梅,董治平,侯远文.甘宁青地区地震震级与烈度和有感距离的关系[J].西北地震学报,1997,19(增刊):133-137.JIANG Mei,DONG Zhi-ping,HOU Yuan-wen.The Relationship of Earthquake Magnitude,Intensity and Felling Distance in Gansu,Ningxia and Qinghai Regions[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,1997,19(Supp):133-137.(in Chinese)
[37]徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):597-629.XU Xi-wei,WEN Xue-ze,YE Jian-qing,et al.The MS8.0Wenchuan Earthquake Surface Ruptures and Its Seismogenic Structure[J].Seismolgy and Geology,2008,30(3):597-629.(in Chinese)
[38]张培震,闻学泽,徐锡伟,等.2008年汶川8.0级特大地震孕震和发生的多单元组合模式[J].科学通报,2009,54(7):944-953.ZHANG Pei-zhen,WEN Xue-ze,XU Xi-wei,et al.Tectonic Model of the Great Wenchuan Earthquake of May 12,2008,Sichuan,China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2009,54(7):944-953.(in Chinese)
(1)李善邦,中国地震目录.1960.
(2)中国科学院兰州地球物理研究所.天水地区地震调查报告.1966.
(3)平凉市档案局.平凉市(县)自然灾害记实录,2000.
(4)(清)张晋.四灾异词·纪震.
(5)冯学才.我国地震滑坡.1985.
(6)何治民.秦州道教胜寺·云雾山岱嶽庙,2010:1-3,34-35.