2017年九寨沟7级地震前电磁扰动异常分析
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摘要
地震前的电磁扰动现象曾被多次观测到,但需进一步研究。在中国地震局的支持下,可以监测电磁扰动数据的多分量地震监测系统——AETA在中国境内已经布设了200余套。2017年8月8日,四川省九寨沟县发生7级地震。震中周边500 km范围内当时已经布设22套AETA设备。基于滑动四分位距法(时间窗为27 d)分析了这些台站震前30 d的数据。11个台站出现了异常,其中震中周边200 km内的6个台站有4个发生异常。同时,正异常明显多于负异常。另外,大部分异常发生在夜间(20时～6时)。
Electromagnetic disturbance phenomena before earthquakes have been observed for many times, however the correlation should be further studied. We designed a multi-component seismic monitoring system-AETA, to monitor the electromagnetic disturbance. At present more than 200 AETA devices have been deployed in China under the support of the Chinese Earthquake Administration. On August 8, 2017, a large M_S7.0 earthquake occurred in Jiuzhaigou county of Sichuan Province, China. There are 22 sets of devices installed at seismic stations within the 500 km range of the epicenter. We analyzed the observation data of 30 days before and after the earthquake using the sliding interquartile method and a 27-day window. The result shows that abnormal signal appeared at 11 stations. Among them, 4 out of 6 stations within 200 km around the epicenter have anomalies. And the positive anomaly is much more than the negative anomaly. Besides, most anomalies occurred during night time(20:00～6:00).
Electromagnetic disturbance phenomena before earthquakes have been observed for many times, however the correlation should be further studied. We designed a multi-component seismic monitoring system-AETA, to monitor the electromagnetic disturbance. At present more than 200 AETA devices have been deployed in China under the support of the Chinese Earthquake Administration. On August 8, 2017, a large M_S7.0 earthquake occurred in Jiuzhaigou county of Sichuan Province, China. There are 22 sets of devices installed at seismic stations within the 500 km range of the epicenter. We analyzed the observation data of 30 days before and after the earthquake using the sliding interquartile method and a 27-day window. The result shows that abnormal signal appeared at 11 stations. Among them, 4 out of 6 stations within 200 km around the epicenter have anomalies. And the positive anomaly is much more than the negative anomaly. Besides, most anomalies occurred during night time(20:00～6:00).
引文
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[5] 晏锐,蒋长胜,张浪平.汶川8.0级地震前水氡浓度的临界慢化现象研究[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(7):1817-1826.
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[19] 林科,王新安,张兴,等.一种适用于大地震临震预测的地声监测系统[J].华南地震,2013,33(4):54-62.
[20] Parrot M,Benoist D,Berthelier J J,et al.The magnetic field experiment IMSC and its data processing onboard DEMETER:Scientific objectives,description and first results[J].Planetary & Space Science,2006,54(5):441-455.
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[22] Cao J B,Zeng L,Zhan F,et al.The electromagnetic wave experiment for CSES mission:Search coil magnetometer[J].Science China Technological Sciences,2018,61(5):1-6.
[23] 赵洪利.PVDF压电薄膜传感器的研究及其在PCBA模态分析中的应用[D].镇江:江苏大学,2009.
[24] 卓翼科技.关于卓翼[EB/OL].[2018-11-29].http://www.zowee.com.cn/about.aspx.
[25] 百度百科.深圳卓翼科技股份有限公司[EB/OL].[2018-11-29].https://baike.baidu.com/item/深圳卓翼科技股份有限公司/8814499 fr=aladdin.
[26] Guo J,Li W,Yu H,et al.Impending ionospheric anomaly preceding the Iquique MW8.2 earthquake in Chile on 2014 April 1[J].Geophysical Journal International,2015,203(3):1461-1470.
[27] Liu J Y,Chen Y I,Chen C H,et al.Seismoionospheric GPS total electron content anomalies observed before the 12 May 2008 MW7.9 Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics,2009,114(A4):231-261.
[28] Nenovski P I,Pezzopane M,Ciraolo L,et al.Local changes in the total electron content immediately before the 2009 Abruzzo earthquake[J].Advances in Space Research,2015,55(1):243-258.
[29] Hattori K.ULF geomagnetic changes associated with large earthquakes[J].Terrestrial Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences,2004,15(3):329-360.
[30] 马钦忠,尹京苑,顾学章.崇明异常电磁扰动与台湾7.5级强震[J].地震,2003,23(4):49-56.
[31] 徐文耀.地球电磁现象物理学[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2009.
[32] Rich F J,Sultan P J,Burke W J.The 27-day variations of plasma densities and temperatures in the topside ionosphere[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics,2003,108(A7):1279-1304.
[33] 张培震,邓起东,张国民,等.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块[J].中国科学:地球科学,2003,33(s1):12-20.
[34] 邓起东,张培震,冉勇康,等.中国活动构造与地震活动[J].地学前缘,2003,10(s1):66-73.
[35] Ren H,Wen J,Huang Q,et al.Electrokinetic effect combined with surface-charge assumption:a possible generation mechanism of coseismic EM signals[J].Geophysical Journal International,2015,200(2):835-848.
[36] Molchanov O A,Hayakawa M.Generation of ULF electromagnetic emissions by microfracturing[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2013,22(22):3091-3094.
[37] Simpson J J,Taflove A.Electrokinetic effect of the Loma Prieta earthquake calculated by an entire-Earth FDTD solution of Maxwell equations[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2005,32(9):L9302.
[38] Merzer M,Klemperer S L.Modeling Low-frequency Magnetic-field Precursors to the Loma Prieta Earthquake with a Precursory Increase in Fault-zone Conductivity[J].Pure & Applied Geophysics,1997,150(2):217-248.
[2] Matsuo K,Heki K.Coseismic gravity changes of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake from satellite gravimetry[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2011,38(7):113-120.
[3] Kim J W,Han Y J,Kim R,et al.Investigation of the relationship between earthquakes and indoor radon concentrations at a building in Gyeongju,Korea[J].Nuclear Engineering & Technology,2018,50:512-518.
[4] Liu J Y,Chen Y I,Huang H K,et al.Ionospheric foF2 and TEC anomalous days associated with M≥5.0 earthquakes in Taiwan during 1997—1999[J].Terrestrial Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences,2004,15(3):371-383.
[5] 晏锐,蒋长胜,张浪平.汶川8.0级地震前水氡浓度的临界慢化现象研究[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(7):1817-1826.
[6] 江在森,方颖,武艳强,等.汶川8.0级地震前区域地壳运动与变形动态过程[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(2):505-518.
[7] 丁鉴海,刘杰,余素荣,等.地磁日变化异常与强震的关系[J].地震学报,2004,26(s1):80-88.
[8] C F A,A B,R M P,et al.Low-frequency magnetic field measurements near the epicenter of the MS 7.1 Loma Prieta Earthquake[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1990,9(17):1465-1468.
[9] Potirakis S M,Schekotov A,Asano T,et al.Natural time analysis on the ultra-low frequency magnetic field variations prior to the 2016 Kumamoto (Japan) earthquakes[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2018,154:419-427.
[10] Potirakis S M,Hayakawa M,Schekotov A.Fractal analysis of the ground-recorded ULF magnetic fields prior to the 11 March 2011 Tohoku earthquake (MW=9):discriminating possible earthquake precursors from space-sourced disturbances[J].Natural Hazards,2017,85(1):59-86.
[11] 张建国,焦立果,刘晓灿,等.汶川MS8.0级地震前后ULF电磁辐射频谱特征研究[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(4):1253-1261.
[12] 李美,谭捍东,王中平,等.用电子-空穴理论推算汶川MS8.0地震电磁异常的“能量源”大小[J].地震学报,2015(5):842-852.
[13] 高建国.中国最大地震的地声研究[J].应用声学,1986,5(4):18-23.
[14] Hill D P,Fischer F G,Lahr K M,et al.Earthquake sounds generated by body-wave ground motion[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.;(United States),1976,66(4):1159-1172.
[15] Xia Y,Liu J Y T,Cui X,et al.Abnormal infrasound signals before 92 M≥7.0 worldwide earthquakes during 2002—2008[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2011,41(4):434-441.
[16] 庞瑞涛,雍珊珊,王新安,等.地震监测系统的电磁信号的采集设计与实现[J].计算机技术与发展,2018,28(2):27-30.
[17] 雍珊珊,王新安,庞瑞涛,等.多分量地震监测系统AETA的感应式磁传感器磁棒研制[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2018,54(3):495-501.
[18] 王新安,雍珊珊,徐伯星,等.多分量地震监测系统AETA的研究与实现[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2018,54(3):487-494.
[19] 林科,王新安,张兴,等.一种适用于大地震临震预测的地声监测系统[J].华南地震,2013,33(4):54-62.
[20] Parrot M,Benoist D,Berthelier J J,et al.The magnetic field experiment IMSC and its data processing onboard DEMETER:Scientific objectives,description and first results[J].Planetary & Space Science,2006,54(5):441-455.
[21] 汤吉,赵国泽,陈小斌,等.地震电磁卫星载荷及现状[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):679-686.
[22] Cao J B,Zeng L,Zhan F,et al.The electromagnetic wave experiment for CSES mission:Search coil magnetometer[J].Science China Technological Sciences,2018,61(5):1-6.
[23] 赵洪利.PVDF压电薄膜传感器的研究及其在PCBA模态分析中的应用[D].镇江:江苏大学,2009.
[24] 卓翼科技.关于卓翼[EB/OL].[2018-11-29].http://www.zowee.com.cn/about.aspx.
[25] 百度百科.深圳卓翼科技股份有限公司[EB/OL].[2018-11-29].https://baike.baidu.com/item/深圳卓翼科技股份有限公司/8814499 fr=aladdin.
[26] Guo J,Li W,Yu H,et al.Impending ionospheric anomaly preceding the Iquique MW8.2 earthquake in Chile on 2014 April 1[J].Geophysical Journal International,2015,203(3):1461-1470.
[27] Liu J Y,Chen Y I,Chen C H,et al.Seismoionospheric GPS total electron content anomalies observed before the 12 May 2008 MW7.9 Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics,2009,114(A4):231-261.
[28] Nenovski P I,Pezzopane M,Ciraolo L,et al.Local changes in the total electron content immediately before the 2009 Abruzzo earthquake[J].Advances in Space Research,2015,55(1):243-258.
[29] Hattori K.ULF geomagnetic changes associated with large earthquakes[J].Terrestrial Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences,2004,15(3):329-360.
[30] 马钦忠,尹京苑,顾学章.崇明异常电磁扰动与台湾7.5级强震[J].地震,2003,23(4):49-56.
[31] 徐文耀.地球电磁现象物理学[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2009.
[32] Rich F J,Sultan P J,Burke W J.The 27-day variations of plasma densities and temperatures in the topside ionosphere[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics,2003,108(A7):1279-1304.
[33] 张培震,邓起东,张国民,等.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块[J].中国科学:地球科学,2003,33(s1):12-20.
[34] 邓起东,张培震,冉勇康,等.中国活动构造与地震活动[J].地学前缘,2003,10(s1):66-73.
[35] Ren H,Wen J,Huang Q,et al.Electrokinetic effect combined with surface-charge assumption:a possible generation mechanism of coseismic EM signals[J].Geophysical Journal International,2015,200(2):835-848.
[36] Molchanov O A,Hayakawa M.Generation of ULF electromagnetic emissions by microfracturing[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2013,22(22):3091-3094.
[37] Simpson J J,Taflove A.Electrokinetic effect of the Loma Prieta earthquake calculated by an entire-Earth FDTD solution of Maxwell equations[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2005,32(9):L9302.
[38] Merzer M,Klemperer S L.Modeling Low-frequency Magnetic-field Precursors to the Loma Prieta Earthquake with a Precursory Increase in Fault-zone Conductivity[J].Pure & Applied Geophysics,1997,150(2):217-248.