超高层住宅楼的内天井尺寸对自然排烟影响的数值模拟研究
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摘要
火灾时超高层住宅楼的内天井会形成"烟囱效应",烟气可能通过面向内天井的开启窗户进入四周住宅。利用FDS数值模拟的方法研究火源位置、火源功率和内天井的高度、长度对超高层住宅楼内天井自然排烟的影响。研究结果表明:火源位于内天井四周某住宅时,若住宅内喷淋系统有效,内天井四周其它住宅不会达到危险状态。火源位于内天井底部时,4.0MW的火灾可能会使内天井四周其它住宅受到火灾烟气影响,达到危险状态,此时内天井四周其它住宅到达危险时间与内天井高度满足二次增长函数,到达危险时间随高度的增加趋于稳定。内天井长度d存在临界值,d≤10m时到达危险时间与内天井长度满足二次增长函数;d>10m时到达危险时间接近稳定值。
A patio fire ina super-high-rise residential building may form a chimney effect,and the smoke may enter the houses around the patio through the windows of the residential building facing the patio.In this paper,FDS numerical simulation software is used to study the influence of fire location and fire power,patio height and length on natural smoke exhaust of super high-rise residential building patio.The results show that when a fire is located in a house around the patio,if the sprinkler system inside the house is effective,other houses around the patio will not be in danger.For a 4.0 MW fire located at the bottom of the patio,the other houses around the patio will be affected by the fire smoke and reach a dangerous condition.In this case,the hazard occurrence time and the patio height satisfy the quadratic growth function,and the hazard occurrence time tends to stabilize as the height increases.The patio length has a critical value,below which the hazard occurrence time and the patio length satisfies the quadratic growth function,while above which the hazard occurrence time approaches a stable value.
A patio fire ina super-high-rise residential building may form a chimney effect,and the smoke may enter the houses around the patio through the windows of the residential building facing the patio.In this paper,FDS numerical simulation software is used to study the influence of fire location and fire power,patio height and length on natural smoke exhaust of super high-rise residential building patio.The results show that when a fire is located in a house around the patio,if the sprinkler system inside the house is effective,other houses around the patio will not be in danger.For a 4.0 MW fire located at the bottom of the patio,the other houses around the patio will be affected by the fire smoke and reach a dangerous condition.In this case,the hazard occurrence time and the patio height satisfy the quadratic growth function,and the hazard occurrence time tends to stabilize as the height increases.The patio length has a critical value,below which the hazard occurrence time and the patio length satisfies the quadratic growth function,while above which the hazard occurrence time approaches a stable value.
引文
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[2]李一帆,原向勇,纪杰,孙金华.楼梯井顶部开闭状态对烟气运动的影响[J].燃烧科学与技术,2013,19(5):464-472.
[3]孙晓乾,许兆宇,胡隆华,李元洲,霍然.楼梯井内烟囱效应对着火房间燃烧和溢出烟气的影响研究[J].火灾科学,2009,18(2):80-87.
[4]许晓元,李元洲,毛少华,阳东.预测火灾情况下竖井中性面位置的连续模型[J].燃烧科学与技术,2011,17(4):375-381.
[5]张靖岩.高层建筑竖井内烟气流动特征及控制研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2006.
[6]徐蕴灏,姚斌,杨盼盼,黄斌.超高“Z型”中庭高度对自然排烟特性影响的数值模拟研究[J].火灾科学,2015,24(2):88-95.
[7]周军.高宽比对中庭自然排烟效果影响的模拟研究[J].安徽建筑,2014,21(4):199-200.
[8]李湘宁.天井与中庭的火灾危险性及消防设计要求对比[J].化学工程装备,2011(6):203-204.
[9]王宗存,智会强,谢天光,李艳娜.某高层办公建筑双内天井排烟研究[J].建筑防火设计,2012,31(3):251-253.
[10]李德成,周天念,陈钦佩,周德闯.高层住宅楼小天井与外廊结构的消防安全问题研究[J].火灾科学,2015,24(4):209-220.
[11]DGJ08-88-2006,建筑防排烟技术规程[S].上海,2006.