深海海山周围航船噪声建模与特性研究
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摘要
本文以抛物方程模型为基础,结合声场的互易性,提出一种深海低频航船噪声建模方法,该方法将声源与接收点位置互换,大大降低了声场计算的运行次数和运行时间,基于该方法对深海海山周围的航船噪声进行计算和分析。研究结果表明:海山对声传播损失的影响取决于接收阵元与海山的位置关系以及海山的几何参数。由于海山的遮挡作用,海山附近航船噪声的水平指向性具有不均匀性,在有海山遮挡的方向噪声级明显低于无海山遮挡的方向,海山附近航船噪声的垂直指向性会出现多个峰值。此外,单个尖峰海山的遮挡对接收阵元处的航船噪声总级影响较小。
According to the parabolic equation(PE) theory and the reciprocity of the sound field, a model of distant shipping noise in deep ocean environments is presented. Based on the approach, the properties of distant shipping noise close to a seamount are studied. The results suggest that the number of the PE calculations for the reciprocity approach is much smaller than that for the direct approach. The shipping noise level is reduced significantly when measured on receivers close to the seafloor. Furthermore, sound propagation across a seamount is reduced more or less depending on the geometrical position between the receiver and the seamount. The horizontal directivity of the shipping noise is changed significantly due to shading by the seamount. However, a single seamount has little influence on the total shipping noise level.
According to the parabolic equation(PE) theory and the reciprocity of the sound field, a model of distant shipping noise in deep ocean environments is presented. Based on the approach, the properties of distant shipping noise close to a seamount are studied. The results suggest that the number of the PE calculations for the reciprocity approach is much smaller than that for the direct approach. The shipping noise level is reduced significantly when measured on receivers close to the seafloor. Furthermore, sound propagation across a seamount is reduced more or less depending on the geometrical position between the receiver and the seamount. The horizontal directivity of the shipping noise is changed significantly due to shading by the seamount. However, a single seamount has little influence on the total shipping noise level.
引文
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[2]GAUL R D,KNOBLES D P,SHOOTER J A,et al.Ambient noise analysis of deep-ocean measurements in the Northeast Pacific[J].IEEE J.Ocean.Eng.,2007,32(2):497-512.
[3]LI Z Z,ZURK L M,MA B.Vertical arrival structure of shipping noise in Deep Ocean channels[C]//IEEE Conference Publication,OCEANS 2010,20-23 Sept,2010:1-8.
[4]CAVANGH R C,RENNER W W.Vertical directionality and depth dependence of averaged acoustic signal and noise[J],J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1980,68:1467-1474.
[5]CAREY W M,EVANS R B,DAVIS J A,et al.Deep-ocean vertical noise directionality[J],IEEE J.Ocean.Eng.,1990,15(4):324-334.
[6]WANG Q,ZHANG R H.Range and depth-averaged field in Ocean sound channels[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1990,87:633-638.
[7]WANG Q,ZHANG R H.Sound spatial correlation in shallow water[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1992,92(2):932-938.
[8]张仁和.浅海声场的平滑平均理论、数值预报与海底参数反演[J].物理学进展.1996,16(3):489-496.
[9]林建恒,衣雪娟,陈鹏,等.风关海洋环境噪声源模型[C]//声学技术,全国声学学术会议论文集,2006,53-54.
[10]CAREY W M,EVANS R B.Ocean ambient noise measurement and theory[M].New York:Springer-Verlag New York Press,2011:99-125.
[11]RENNER W.W.Ambient noise directionality estimation system technical description[J].Science Applications International Corporation,Mc Lean,VA.1986,23:1645.
[12]MUNK W.H.Sound channel in an exponentially stratified ocean with applications to SOFAR[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1974,55:220-226.
[13]COLLINS M D.A split-step pade solution for parabolic equation method[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1993,93:1736-1742.