“冰上丝绸之路”——北极航线船舶航行安全的跟驰模型
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摘要
为研究"冰上丝绸之路"——北极航线船舶安全通航状况,特别是在有破冰船开道情况下,跟驰船舶与破冰船的安全间距以及跟驰船舶之间的安全间距问题,基于陆上交通流理论的跟驰模型,分析北极航线船舶的航行阻力即船舶水流阻力、船舶兴波阻力、碎冰阻力以及船舶制动性能,建立适用于北极航线的交通流跟驰模型,给出船舶安全间距、船头间距、船舶跟驰速度的公式,并结合"永盛"轮的具体资料和数据,进行模型参数验证和模型应用.结果表明,本文建立的适于北极航线的跟驰模型具有一定的现实意义,可有效降低凭借航行经验产生的航行风险,可为北极航线的船舶安全航行提供支持.
In order to study the safe navigation condition of "Polar Silk Road"—the Arctic route,especially the safety distance between following ships and icebreaker,and the safety distance between following ships in the case of an icebreaker operating,the navigation resistances of ships,i.e.ship water resistance,ship wave-making resistance,ice breaking resistance and ship braking performance on the Arctic route were analyzed to establish a traffic flow following model for Arctic routes based on the following model of the land-based traffic flow theory,and put forward the formula of safety distance of ships,the bow spacing and the speed of ship following.By using the specific information and data of"Yong-Sheng",the model parameters were verified and the models were applied.Results show that the following model for the Arctic route has certain practical significance,which can effectively reduce the risk of navigation by virtue of navigation experience and provide support for the safe navigation of the Arctic route.
In order to study the safe navigation condition of "Polar Silk Road"—the Arctic route,especially the safety distance between following ships and icebreaker,and the safety distance between following ships in the case of an icebreaker operating,the navigation resistances of ships,i.e.ship water resistance,ship wave-making resistance,ice breaking resistance and ship braking performance on the Arctic route were analyzed to establish a traffic flow following model for Arctic routes based on the following model of the land-based traffic flow theory,and put forward the formula of safety distance of ships,the bow spacing and the speed of ship following.By using the specific information and data of"Yong-Sheng",the model parameters were verified and the models were applied.Results show that the following model for the Arctic route has certain practical significance,which can effectively reduce the risk of navigation by virtue of navigation experience and provide support for the safe navigation of the Arctic route.
引文
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[3]ZHANG M,ZHANG D,FU S,et al.Safety distance modeling for ship escort operations in Arctic ice-covered waters[J].Ocean Engineering,2017,146:202-216.
[4]何民,刘小明,荣建.交通流跟驰模型研究进展[J].人类工效学,2000(2):46-50.HE M,LIU X M,RONG J.Progress in research on traffic flow follow-up model[J].Chinese Ergonomics of Ergonomics,2000(2):46-50.(in Chinese)
[5]杨达,蒲云,祝俪菱,等.改进的基于安全距离的车辆跟驰模型[J].北京工业大学学报,2013,39(9):1335-1342.YANG D,PU Y,ZHU L L,et al.Improved safe distance car-following model[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2013,39(9):1335-1342.(in Chinese)
[6]徐周华,牟军敏,季永清.内河水域船舶领域三维模型的研究[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2004(3):380-383.XU Z H,MU J M,JI Y Q.A study of 3D model of ship domain for inland waterway[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2004(3):380-383.(in Chinese)
[7]李瀛,张玮.基于停船视距的船舶领域模型研究[J].水运工程,2014(1):36-40.LI Y,ZHANG W.On model about ship domain based on stopping sight distance[J].Port&Waterway Engineering,2014(1):36-40.(in Chinese)
[8]童思陈,许光祥,邓明文.内河船舶航行阻力及通航水力指标计算[J].水利水运工程学报,2010(2):100-106.TONG S C,XU G X,DENG M W.Calculation of sailing resistance and navigable hydraulic parameters for inland ships[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2010(2):100-106.(in Chinese)
[9]兰亮.船舶兴波阻力计算及型线优化[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2012.LAN L.Numerical caculation of wave resistance and hull lines optimization[J].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University,2012.(in Chinese)
[10]COLBOURNE D B.Scaling pack ice and iceberg loads on moored ship shapes[J].Oceanic Engineering International,2000,4(1):39-45.
[11]郭春雨,谢畅,王帅,等.碎冰条件下冰区船阻力性能试验研究[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2016,37(4):481-486.GUO C Y,XIE C,WANG S,et al.The experimental research on resistance performance of ship in pack ice[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2016,37(4):481-486.(in Chinese)
[12]姜珊,杨清华,梁颖祺,等.可服务于北极航道的海冰与气象预报信息综合分析[J].极地研究,2017,29(3):399-413.JIANG S,YANG Q H,LIANG Y Q,et al.Sea ice and weather forecasting information for Arctic sea routes:a synthetic analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Polar Research,2017,29(3):399-413.(in Chinese)
[13]刘勇,黄向阳,刘明俊.船舶的制动和保向性研究[J].武汉船舶职业技术学院学报,2009,8(1):9-11.LIU Y,HUANG X Y,LIU M J.On ship maneuvering motion equation[J].Journal of Wuhan Institute of Shipbuilding Technology,2009,8(1):9-11.(in Chinese)