基于卷积曲面的动态实时星图模拟
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摘要
多星模拟器可动态刷新显示变化的星空,是星敏感器测试的关键设备。在动态条件下星点成像发生拖尾,要求星模拟器能够准确、实时仿真拖尾星图。建立了动态拖尾星点的卷积曲面模型。该模型是星点光斑弥散函数与权重函数沿着星点运动轨迹的卷积,可描述以任意形式运动产生的拖尾星点。提出了一种基于卷积曲面的像素离散算法,解决了星图仿真实时性不够的问题。先将星点轨迹分割为多段,再计算得到每段轨迹对应形成的星点光斑的像素值,将所有星点光斑累加。所提算法将多重积分化简,使得仿真速度提高了一个数量级,多星模拟器的刷新率达30 Hz。
The multi-star simulator dynamically displays star image in the sky map and is the key device for testing a star sensor. As the star spot in the star image smears under dynamic conditions,it is necessary for the star simulator to accurately simulate the smeared star image in real time. First,the convolution surface model of the smeared star spot is established. This model is a convolution of the point spread function and the weight function along the star spot trajectory,and can represent any smeared star spot moving on the image plane. Then,a pixelating algorithm based on the convolution surface is proposed to improve the real-time performance of the star image simulation. The algorithm separates the trajectory into tiny arc segments,calculates pixel values of star spot at each arc segment,and sums all the spots. The pixelating algorithm turns multiple integrals into simple operations,and increases the simulation speed by nearly ten times,with a refresh rate of 30 Hz for multi-star simulator.
The multi-star simulator dynamically displays star image in the sky map and is the key device for testing a star sensor. As the star spot in the star image smears under dynamic conditions,it is necessary for the star simulator to accurately simulate the smeared star image in real time. First,the convolution surface model of the smeared star spot is established. This model is a convolution of the point spread function and the weight function along the star spot trajectory,and can represent any smeared star spot moving on the image plane. Then,a pixelating algorithm based on the convolution surface is proposed to improve the real-time performance of the star image simulation. The algorithm separates the trajectory into tiny arc segments,calculates pixel values of star spot at each arc segment,and sums all the spots. The pixelating algorithm turns multiple integrals into simple operations,and increases the simulation speed by nearly ten times,with a refresh rate of 30 Hz for multi-star simulator.
引文
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[15]OELTZE S,PREIM B. Visualization of vasculature with convolution surfaces:Method,validation and evaluation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging,2005,24(4):540-548.
[2]陈启梦,张国玉,张健,等.高精度亚像素显示技术动态天体模拟器[J].光学精密工程,2018,26(5):1037-1045.CHEN Q M,ZHANG G Y,ZHANG J,et al. High-precision dynamic celestial simulator with sub-pixel display technology[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2018,26(5):1037-1045(in Chinese).
[3]胡宜宁,巩岩.动态星图显示算法的设计与实现[J].宇航学报,2008,29(3):849-853.HU Y N,GONG Y. Design and realization of a dynamic display algorithm for star map[J]. Journal of Astronautics,2008,29(3):849-853(in Chinese).
[4]孟遥,张国玉,孙高飞,等.基于硅基液晶拼接的高对比度动态星模拟器光学系统[J].光学精密工程,2016,24(3):511-520.MENG Y,ZHANG G Y,SUN G F,et al. Optical system of high contrast dynamic star simulator based on LCOS splicing technology[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering,2016,24(3):511-520(in Chinese).
[5]鹿瑞,武延鹏.动态拖尾星图模拟算法研究[J].空间控制技术与应用,2016,42(4):57-62.LU R,WU Y P. An approach of star image simulation for strapdown star sensor[J]. Aerospace Control and Application,2016,42(4):57-62(in Chinese).
[6]YAN J Y,JIANG J,ZHANG G J. Dynamic imaging model and parameter optimization for a star tracker[J]. Optics Express,2016,24(6):5961-5983.
[7]SUN T,XING F,YOU Z,et al. Motion-blurred star acquisition method of the star tracker under high dynamic conditions[J].Optics Express,2013,21(17):20096-20110.
[8]刘海波,宿德志,谭吉春,等.考虑卫星轨道运动和像移影响的星敏感器星图模拟方法[J].宇航学报,2011,32(5):1190-1194.LIU H B,SU D Z,TAN J C,et al. An approach to star image simulation for star sensor considering satellite orbit motion and effect of image shift[J]. Journal of Astronautics,2011,32(5):1190-1194(in Chinese).
[9]王凌云,王博,张国玉,等.高精度高动态星模拟器研究[J].空间科学学报,2015,35(3):356-361.WANG L Y,WANG B,ZHANG G Y,et al. Study on high precise and high dynamic star simulator[J]. Chinese Journal of Space Science,2015,35(3):356-361(in Chinese).
[10]高源,林再平,李骏,等.基于CCD点扩散和拖尾特性的星空模拟方法研究[J].电子信息对抗技术,2008,23(2):58-62.GAO Y,LIN Z P,LI J,et al. Imaging simulation algorithm for star field based on CCD PSF and space target’s striation characteristic[J]. Electronic Information Warfare Technology,2008,23(2):58-62(in Chinese).
[11]全伟,徐梁,宁晓琳.一种基于三正交主轴平面的快速星图模拟方法[J].空间科学学报,2012,32(1):141-146.QUAN W,XU L,NING X L. A high-speed simulation method of star map based on three orthogonal axis planes[J]. Chinese Journal of Space Science,2012,32(1):141-146(in Chinese).
[12]LIU C S,HU L H,LIU G B,et al. Kinematic model for the space-variant image motion of star sensors under dynamical conditions[J]. Optical Engineering,2015,54(6):063104.
[13]王海涌,周文睿,赵彦武.简易高斯灰度扩散模型的误差分析及适用性研究[J].光学学报,2012,32(7):115-120.WANG H Y,ZHOU W R,ZHAO Y W. Error analysis and applicability study on simplified Gaussian gray diffusion model[J]. Acta Optica Sinica,2012,32(7):115-120(in Chinese).
[14]张海林,金小刚,冯结青.三次B样条曲线骨架卷积曲面造型[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2006,18(9):1300-1305.ZHANG H L,JIN X G,FENG J Q. Convolution surface modeling for cubic B-spline skeletons[J]. Journal of Computer-aided Design&Computer Graphics,2006,18(9):1300-1305(in Chinese).
[15]OELTZE S,PREIM B. Visualization of vasculature with convolution surfaces:Method,validation and evaluation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging,2005,24(4):540-548.