冰区运输船极地海域航行阻力的模型试验研究（英文）
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摘要
为了考查冰区运输船在北极结冰海域航行时所受到的航行阻力,进行了一系列室内物理模型试验。试验中船体模型通过一个单向测力传感器与主拖车上的刚性拖曳臂相连。试验包含三种主要的冰条件,即船体独立航行的平整冰条件、在破冰船引导下航行的航道碎冰条件和独立航行的浮冰条件。平整冰及航道碎冰条件下对多种船体航行速度进行考察,而浮冰条件下则针对不同的冰覆盖率展开研究。试验中对冰-船相互作用模式、冰排在船体不同位置处的破坏进程以及碎冰沿船体的运动状态进行了详尽的观测,并对船体的航行阻力进行了有效的测量。此外,文中还对航行阻力均值与极值之间的差异进行了详尽的讨论与分析。结果表明,冰条件与船体航行速度是影响船体航行阻力的重要因素。
Model tests to investigate the resistance on a transport ship navigating in Arctic region were carried out. The model ship was mounted on a rigid carriage through a one-directional load cell.The ice conditions included level ice, broken ice channel and pack ice conditions. In the level ice and broken ice channel tests, the model ship was towed with different speeds. In the pack ice tests,the ship resistances under different ice concentrations were investigated. During the tests, the iceship interaction at different parts of the ship and the motion of the ice floes were observed, and the resistances under different conditions were measured. Furthermore, the variances between the mean and maximum resistances were fully discussed. The ice condition and the navigating speed are found as the key factors which affect the resistance of the ship in ice.
Model tests to investigate the resistance on a transport ship navigating in Arctic region were carried out. The model ship was mounted on a rigid carriage through a one-directional load cell.The ice conditions included level ice, broken ice channel and pack ice conditions. In the level ice and broken ice channel tests, the model ship was towed with different speeds. In the pack ice tests,the ship resistances under different ice concentrations were investigated. During the tests, the iceship interaction at different parts of the ship and the motion of the ice floes were observed, and the resistances under different conditions were measured. Furthermore, the variances between the mean and maximum resistances were fully discussed. The ice condition and the navigating speed are found as the key factors which affect the resistance of the ship in ice.
引文
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[2]Timco G W,Morin I.Canadian ice regime system database[C].In:Proceedings 8th ISOPE Conference II,1998:586-591.
[3]Widerstand und Propulsion von Schiffen im Eis[M].Hoffman D.//Jahrb.,1988/Schiffbautechn.Ges.82 Bd.-Berlin etc.,1989:186-190.
[4]Von Bock und Polach R.Impact of heave and pitch motions on ships in ice[C].20th IAHR International Symposium on Ice,2010(IAHR 2010-101).
[5]Zhou L,Riska K,von Bock und Polach R.,Moan T,Su B,2012b.Experiments on level ice loading on an icebreaking tanker with different ice drift angles[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2013,85:79-93.
[6]Ashton G D.River and lake ice engineering[M].Water Resources Publication,Littleton,Colorado,1986.