不同生境对雅安市老板山水麻枝叶构件特征的影响
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摘要
为探究植物(种群)生存及其对环境的适应对策和进化机制,以四川省雅安市老板山林内、林缘、沟边丛生以及林内单株水麻Debregeasia orientalis为研究对象,对其分枝数、分枝长度、分枝角度、枝径比、逐级分枝率以及叶片数、叶面积等构件特征进行调查分析。结果表明:(1)不同生境下,水麻分枝数以一级枝为主,沟边丛生水麻分枝长度优于其他生境,但无三四级枝生长,其分枝角度整体表现为收敛型,空间拓展能力较其他生境强;(2)同一生境下,二三级枝枝径比(R_(BD3:2))最大,三四级枝逐级分枝率(S_(BR3:4))<一二级枝逐级分枝率(S_(BR1:2))<二三级枝枝逐级分枝率(S_(BR2:3)),二三级枝之间水分、养分运输效率高,分枝能力最强;(3)叶片数与分枝数变化规律一致,林缘丛生水麻叶片数最多,其叶面积与沟边丛生都大于其他生境,同一生境中,叶面积二级枝>一级枝>三级枝;(4)林缘生境更适合水麻聚集生长,沟边丛生水麻护坡、固土效果明显。表明不同生境水麻对光照、空间等环境条件响应不同,可采取措施以最大限度获取生境资源,更好地发挥水土保持功能。
By analyzing the branch and leaf module charact eristics, including branch number, branch length,branch angle, the ratio of branch diameter, branch ratio, leaf number and area of Debregeasia orientalis from the forest plant, forest edge cluster, river bank cluster and forest cluster in Laoban Mountain, Ya'an, the research tried to understood mechanism how the plant(population) survived and adapted to environment. The results showed that:(1) Under different habitats, the first class branch of D. orientalis had the largest number of branches. The branch lengths of D. orientalis in river bank cluster were higher than those in other habitats and the branch angles were small, forming a convergence and having a great space expansion capacity; but it had no third and fourth class branch.(2) The R_(BD3:2) was bigger and the branch ratio showed S_(BR3:4)the first class branch >the third class branch.(4) Forest edge cluster was more suitable for Debregeasia orientalis having an aggregation growth and the D. orientalis in river bank had an obvious effect on slope protection and soil fixation. It indicates that D. orientalis in different habitats has different response to environmental conditions including light as well as space, and we can take measures to obtain the maximum habitat resources, play better functions of soil and water conservation.
By analyzing the branch and leaf module charact eristics, including branch number, branch length,branch angle, the ratio of branch diameter, branch ratio, leaf number and area of Debregeasia orientalis from the forest plant, forest edge cluster, river bank cluster and forest cluster in Laoban Mountain, Ya'an, the research tried to understood mechanism how the plant(population) survived and adapted to environment. The results showed that:(1) Under different habitats, the first class branch of D. orientalis had the largest number of branches. The branch lengths of D. orientalis in river bank cluster were higher than those in other habitats and the branch angles were small, forming a convergence and having a great space expansion capacity; but it had no third and fourth class branch.(2) The R_(BD3:2) was bigger and the branch ratio showed S_(BR3:4)
引文
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[11]程伟,曾杰,赵志刚,等.2种生境条件下西南桦的生殖构件及其空间格局[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2010,18(1):75-81.CHENG Wei,ZENG Jie,ZHAO Zhigang,et al.Reproductive modules and their spatial patterns of Betula alnoides in two habitats[J].J Trop Subtrop Bot,2010,18(1):75-81.
[12]于应文,梁天刚,陈家宽.气候因子对混播草地不同种群生长及其个体消长的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2003,9(5):474-478.YU Yingwen,LIANG Tiangang,CHEN Jiakuan.Effects of climatic factors on growth of different populations and their individual growth and decline characteristics in mixed pasture[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2003,9(5):474-478.
[13]张应团,易咏梅,王贞.水麻扦插的插穗类型与扦插时间效应分析[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(13):5713-5715.ZHANG Yingtuan,YI Yongmei,WANG Zhen.Cutting types and time effects on cutting propagation of Debregeasia orientalis[J].J Anhui Agric Sci,2013,41(13):5713-5715.
[14]晁无疾,陈志平.野生果树水麻资源研究[J].中国野生植物,1992(4):1-4.CHAO Wuji,CHEN Zhiping.Study on the Debregeasia orientalis of wild fruit trees[J].Chin Wild Plant,1992(4):1-4.
[15]杨再昌,马小彦,乐意,等.用秀丽隐杆线虫观察43种中药的体内抗菌药效[J].时珍国医国药,2010,21(5):1174-1175.YANG Zaichang,MA Xiaoyan,LE Yi,et al.Observation the antibacterial efficacy in 43 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine using Caenorhabditis elegans[J].Lishizhen Med Mat Med Res,2010,21(5):1174-1175.
[16]张俊斌.多孔性护岸工程之植物根力研究[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(3):144-146.ZHANG Junbin.Study on the root strength of plants for porous revetment engineering[J].Res Soil Water Conserv,2007,14(3):144-146.
[17]李丹雄,杨建英,史常青,等.汶川地震滑坡迹地植被恢复中优势种的种间关联性[J].应用与环境生物学报,2014,20(5):938-943.LI Danxiong,YANG Jianying,SHI Changqing,et al.Interspecific association of dominant species in the vegetation recovery process after landslide of Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2014,20(5):938-943.
[18]OOHATA S I,SHIDEI T.Studies on the branching structure of trees(Ⅰ)bifurcation ratio of trees in Horton’s law[J].Jpn J Ecol,1971,21(1/2):7-14.
[19]吕志伟,边才苗.天台山云锦杜鹃幼树的构型分析[J].浙江林学院学报,2007,24(6):696-701.L譈Zhiwei,BIAN Caimiao.Architectural analysis of Rhododendron fortunei saplings in Mountain Tiantai,Zhejiang Province[J].J Zhejiang For Coll,2007,24(6):696-701.
[20]WHITHEY G G.The bifurcation ratio as an indicator of adaptive strategy in woody plant species[J].Bull Torrey Bot Club,1976,103(2):67-72.
[21]STEINGRAEBER D A,WALLCR D M.Non-stationary of Tree Branching Pattern and Bifurcation Ratio[M].London:Proceedings of the Royal Society,1986.
[22]何丙辉,钟章成.不同光强与干旱胁迫对银杏枝叶构件生长的影响[J].广西师范学院学报(自然科学版),2005,23(3):66-69.HE Binghui,ZHONG Zhangcheng.Effects of environmental stress on modular growth of leaf and branch population in Ginkgo biloba[J].J Guangxi Norm Univ,2005,23(3):66-69.
[23]赵友华.遮阴条件下栲树幼苗枝、叶构件统计学研究[J].渝州大学学报(自然科学版),1997,14(1):28-31.ZHAO Youhua.Study on leaf and branch demography in Castanopsis fargesii seedlings under shading condition[J].J Yuzhou Univ Nat Sci Ed,1997,14(1):28-31.
[24]魏媛,喻理飞.构树枝构件种群生态特征研究[J].浙江林业科技,2009,29(5):34-37.WEI Yuan,YU Lifei.Study on ecological characteristics of Broussonetia papyrifera branches module population[J].J Zhejiang For Sci Technol,2009,29(5):34-37.
[25]谢元贵,廖小峰,龙秀琴,等.桃叶杜鹃种群构件的特征研究[J].贵州农业科学,2012,40(8):171-175.XIE Yuangui,LIAO Xiaofeng,LONG Xiuqin,et al.Study on the modular characteristics of Rhododendron annae population[J].Guizhou Agric Sci,2012,40(8):171-175.
[26]苏磊,杨浩,徐杰.木本植物构件生态学研究概述[J].世界林业研究,2014,27(2):17-22.SU Lei,YANG Hao,XU Jie.Study on modular ecology of woody plants[J].World For Res,2014,27(2):17-22.
[27]郇慧慧,胥晓,刘刚,等.不同分枝数对桑树幼苗生长发育的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(4):823-831.XUN Huihui,XU Xiao,LIU Gang,et al.Effect of branch number on the growth and development of Morus alba saplings[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2014,34(4):823-831.
[2]陈波,宋永昌,达良俊.天童常绿阔叶树种栲树生殖个体大小及其生殖构件特征[J].植物研究,2004,24(1):80-85.CHEN Bo,SONG Yongchang,DA Liangjun.Study on reproductive unit size and reproductive modules dynamics of Castanopsis fargesii in Tiantong National Forest Park,Zhejiang Province[J].Bull Bot Res,2004,24(1):80-85.
[3]苏智先,钟章成,杨万勤,等.四川大头茶种群生殖生态学研究(I)生殖年龄、生殖年龄结构及其影响因素研究[J].生态学报,1996,16(5):517-524.SU Zhixian,ZHONG Zhangcheng,YANG Wanqing,et al.Studies on the reproductive ecology Gordonia acuminata population(Ⅰ)studies on the reproductive age,reproductive age structure and their affecting factors[J].Acta Ecol Sin,1996,16(5):517-524.
[4]蒲高忠,唐赛春,潘玉梅,等.入侵植物银胶菊在不同生境下表型可塑性和构件生物量[J].广西植物,2010,30(5):641-646.PU Gaozhong,TANG Saichun,PAN Yumei,et al.Phenotypic plasticity and modular biomass of invasive Parthenium hysterophorus in different habitats in south China[J].Guihaia,2010,30(5):641-646.
[5]周兵,闫小红,肖宜安,等.不同生境下入侵植物胜红蓟种群构件生物量分配特性研究[J].生态学报,2015,34(8):2602-2608.ZHOU Bing,YAN Xiaohong,XIAO Yi’an,et al.Module biomass of Ageratum conyzoides populations in different habitats[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2015,34(8):2602-2608.
[6]DAVIDSON A M,JENNIONS M,NICOTRA A B.Do invasive species show higher phenotypic plasticity than native species and,if so,is it adaptive?A meta analysis[J].Ecol Lett,2011,14(4):419-431.
[7]李姝,蒋泽波.植物种群构件的理论概述及研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(36):12795-12797,12802.LI Shu,JIANG Zebo.Theory and research progresses in plant population modular[J].J Anhui Agric Sci,2014,42(36):12795-12797,12802.
[8]贾程,何飞,樊华,等.植物种群构件研究进展及其展望[J].四川林业科技,2010,31(3):43-50.JIA Cheng,HE Fei,FAN Hua,et al.Researches on plant population modules[J].J Sichuan For Sci Technol,2010,31(3):43-50.
[9]朱春全,雷静品,刘晓东,等.不同经营方式下杨树人工林叶面积分布与动态研究[J].林业科学,2001,37(1):46-51.ZHU Chunquan,LEI Jingpin,LIU Xiaodong,et al.The distribution and seasonal change of leaf area in poplar plantations managed in different ways[J].Sci Silv Sin,2001,37(1):46-51.
[10]闫宝龙,赵清格,周梅,等.大兴安岭南段白桦种群构件特征分析[J].内蒙古林业调查设计,2016,39(2):23-27.YAN Baolong,ZHAO Qingge,ZHOU Mei,et al.Feature analysis of the Betula platyphylla population annual modules in the south of Great Khingan Mountains[J].Inner Mongolia For Invest Des,2016,39(2):23-27.
[11]程伟,曾杰,赵志刚,等.2种生境条件下西南桦的生殖构件及其空间格局[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2010,18(1):75-81.CHENG Wei,ZENG Jie,ZHAO Zhigang,et al.Reproductive modules and their spatial patterns of Betula alnoides in two habitats[J].J Trop Subtrop Bot,2010,18(1):75-81.
[12]于应文,梁天刚,陈家宽.气候因子对混播草地不同种群生长及其个体消长的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2003,9(5):474-478.YU Yingwen,LIANG Tiangang,CHEN Jiakuan.Effects of climatic factors on growth of different populations and their individual growth and decline characteristics in mixed pasture[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2003,9(5):474-478.
[13]张应团,易咏梅,王贞.水麻扦插的插穗类型与扦插时间效应分析[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(13):5713-5715.ZHANG Yingtuan,YI Yongmei,WANG Zhen.Cutting types and time effects on cutting propagation of Debregeasia orientalis[J].J Anhui Agric Sci,2013,41(13):5713-5715.
[14]晁无疾,陈志平.野生果树水麻资源研究[J].中国野生植物,1992(4):1-4.CHAO Wuji,CHEN Zhiping.Study on the Debregeasia orientalis of wild fruit trees[J].Chin Wild Plant,1992(4):1-4.
[15]杨再昌,马小彦,乐意,等.用秀丽隐杆线虫观察43种中药的体内抗菌药效[J].时珍国医国药,2010,21(5):1174-1175.YANG Zaichang,MA Xiaoyan,LE Yi,et al.Observation the antibacterial efficacy in 43 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine using Caenorhabditis elegans[J].Lishizhen Med Mat Med Res,2010,21(5):1174-1175.
[16]张俊斌.多孔性护岸工程之植物根力研究[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(3):144-146.ZHANG Junbin.Study on the root strength of plants for porous revetment engineering[J].Res Soil Water Conserv,2007,14(3):144-146.
[17]李丹雄,杨建英,史常青,等.汶川地震滑坡迹地植被恢复中优势种的种间关联性[J].应用与环境生物学报,2014,20(5):938-943.LI Danxiong,YANG Jianying,SHI Changqing,et al.Interspecific association of dominant species in the vegetation recovery process after landslide of Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2014,20(5):938-943.
[18]OOHATA S I,SHIDEI T.Studies on the branching structure of trees(Ⅰ)bifurcation ratio of trees in Horton’s law[J].Jpn J Ecol,1971,21(1/2):7-14.
[19]吕志伟,边才苗.天台山云锦杜鹃幼树的构型分析[J].浙江林学院学报,2007,24(6):696-701.L譈Zhiwei,BIAN Caimiao.Architectural analysis of Rhododendron fortunei saplings in Mountain Tiantai,Zhejiang Province[J].J Zhejiang For Coll,2007,24(6):696-701.
[20]WHITHEY G G.The bifurcation ratio as an indicator of adaptive strategy in woody plant species[J].Bull Torrey Bot Club,1976,103(2):67-72.
[21]STEINGRAEBER D A,WALLCR D M.Non-stationary of Tree Branching Pattern and Bifurcation Ratio[M].London:Proceedings of the Royal Society,1986.
[22]何丙辉,钟章成.不同光强与干旱胁迫对银杏枝叶构件生长的影响[J].广西师范学院学报(自然科学版),2005,23(3):66-69.HE Binghui,ZHONG Zhangcheng.Effects of environmental stress on modular growth of leaf and branch population in Ginkgo biloba[J].J Guangxi Norm Univ,2005,23(3):66-69.
[23]赵友华.遮阴条件下栲树幼苗枝、叶构件统计学研究[J].渝州大学学报(自然科学版),1997,14(1):28-31.ZHAO Youhua.Study on leaf and branch demography in Castanopsis fargesii seedlings under shading condition[J].J Yuzhou Univ Nat Sci Ed,1997,14(1):28-31.
[24]魏媛,喻理飞.构树枝构件种群生态特征研究[J].浙江林业科技,2009,29(5):34-37.WEI Yuan,YU Lifei.Study on ecological characteristics of Broussonetia papyrifera branches module population[J].J Zhejiang For Sci Technol,2009,29(5):34-37.
[25]谢元贵,廖小峰,龙秀琴,等.桃叶杜鹃种群构件的特征研究[J].贵州农业科学,2012,40(8):171-175.XIE Yuangui,LIAO Xiaofeng,LONG Xiuqin,et al.Study on the modular characteristics of Rhododendron annae population[J].Guizhou Agric Sci,2012,40(8):171-175.
[26]苏磊,杨浩,徐杰.木本植物构件生态学研究概述[J].世界林业研究,2014,27(2):17-22.SU Lei,YANG Hao,XU Jie.Study on modular ecology of woody plants[J].World For Res,2014,27(2):17-22.
[27]郇慧慧,胥晓,刘刚,等.不同分枝数对桑树幼苗生长发育的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(4):823-831.XUN Huihui,XU Xiao,LIU Gang,et al.Effect of branch number on the growth and development of Morus alba saplings[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2014,34(4):823-831.