虚拟同步机运行区域计算与参数分析
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摘要
针对电压型虚拟同步机参数的设计提出了一套完整的方案。根据虚拟同步机已有的数学模型,对于有功环从稳定性、稳定裕度以及超调量等方面对参数选择范围进行约束;对于无功环,从稳定性、一阶低通滤波器的截止频率角度限定了参数选择范围。结合了相应的电网标准,进一步缩小参数的选择范围,最终得到综合考虑有功环、无功环稳态性能与动态性能的参数选择范围。利用伯德图、零极点分布图等工具分析了各参数变化时对于有功环、无功环的稳态、动态性能的影响。经PSCAD/EMTDC环境下的仿真证明了所提方法的可行性。所提方法可供采用虚拟同步机算法的控制器参数设计使用,所得结论可用于实际工程、实验中,根据性能表现进行参数调整。
In this paper, a complete scheme is proposed for design of the parameters of virtual synchronous generator. A mathematical model of the virtual synchronous generator is established. The selection range of the parameters is restrained for active power loop from aspects of stability, stability margin and overshoot. For reactive power loop, the range of parameter selection is restrained from aspects of stability and cut-off frequency of low-pass filter. Considering corresponding standards about power grid, the selection range of parameters is further narrowed. Finally, the range of parameters selection can be obtained taking steady-state and dynamic performances into consideration. The influence of parameter change on steady-state and dynamic performances is analyzed using Bode diagram, zero-pole map, et al. The simulation carried out in PSCAD/EMTDC proves feasibility of the proposed method. The proposed method can be used to design controller parameters with the virtual synchronous generator algorithm. The obtained conclusions can be used in practical engineering and experiment to adjust parameters according to the performance.
In this paper, a complete scheme is proposed for design of the parameters of virtual synchronous generator. A mathematical model of the virtual synchronous generator is established. The selection range of the parameters is restrained for active power loop from aspects of stability, stability margin and overshoot. For reactive power loop, the range of parameter selection is restrained from aspects of stability and cut-off frequency of low-pass filter. Considering corresponding standards about power grid, the selection range of parameters is further narrowed. Finally, the range of parameters selection can be obtained taking steady-state and dynamic performances into consideration. The influence of parameter change on steady-state and dynamic performances is analyzed using Bode diagram, zero-pole map, et al. The simulation carried out in PSCAD/EMTDC proves feasibility of the proposed method. The proposed method can be used to design controller parameters with the virtual synchronous generator algorithm. The obtained conclusions can be used in practical engineering and experiment to adjust parameters according to the performance.
引文
[1]江斌开,王志新,包龙新,等.连接无源网络的VSC-HVDC优化虚拟同步机控制及参数分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(22):6542-6549.Jiang Binkai,Wang Zhixin,Bao Longxin,et al.An improved virtual synchronous generator control strategy parameters analysis for VSC-HVDC connected to a passive network[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(22):6542-6549(in Chinese).
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[4]屈子森,蔡云旖,杨欢,等.基于自适应虚拟阻抗的虚拟同步机功率解耦控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(17):58-66.Qu Zisen,Cai Yunyi,Yang Huan,et al.Strategy of power decoupling control for virtual synchronous generator based on adaptive virtual impedances[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(17):58-66(in Chinese).
[5]孙大卫,刘辉,高舜安,等.电流控制型虚拟同步发电机的小信号建模与稳定性分析[J].电网技术,2018,42(9):2983-2991.Sun Dawei,Liu Hui,Gao Shunan,et al.Small-signal modeling and stability analysis of current-controlled virtual synchronous generators[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(9):2983-2991(in Chinese).
[6]李吉祥,赵晋斌,李芬,等.导入静态转子和虚拟调节阀的虚拟同步电机控制策略[J].电网技术,2018,42(6):1922-1928.Li Jixiang,Zhao Jinbin,Li Fen,et al.Control strategy of virtual synchronous generator by performing static rotor and virtual regulating valve[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(6):1922-1928(in Chinese).
[7]邹蕴韬,张海涛,刘春阳,等.新型虚拟同步发电机控制方法及其暂态过程自适应控制策略[J].电网技术,2018,42(3):933-941.Zou Yuntao,Zhang Haitao,Liu Chunyang,et al.A control approach of novel virtual synchronous generator and an adaptive control strategy for its transient process[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(3):933-941(in Chinese).
[8]杨新法,苏剑,吕志鹏,等.微电网技术综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):57-70.Yang Xinfa,Su Jian,LüZhipeng,et al.Overview on micro-grid technology[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(1):57-70(in Chinese).
[9]郑天文,陈来军,陈天一,等.虚拟同步发电机技术及展望[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(21):165-175.Zheng Tianwen,Chen Laijun,Chen Tianyi,et al.Review and prospect of virtual synchronous generator technologies[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(21):165-175(in Chinese).
[10]张兴,朱德斌,徐海珍.分布式发电中的虚拟同步发电机技术[J].电源学报,2012,10(3):1-6,12.Zhang Xing,Zhu Debin,Xu Haizhen.Review of virtual synchronous generator technology in distributed generation[J].Journal of Power Supply,2012,10(3):1-6,12(in Chinese).
[11]Zhong Q,Weiss G.Synchronverters:inverters that mimic synchronous generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(4):1259-1267.
[12]Zhong Q,Nguyen P,Ma Z Y,et al.Self-synchronised synchronverters:inverters without a dedicated synchronisation unit[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(2):617-630.
[13]钟庆昌.虚拟同步机与自主电力系统[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):336-348.Zhong Qingchang.Virtual synchronous machines and autonomous power systems[J].Proceedings of CSEE,2017,37(2):336-348(in Chinese).
[14]曾正,邵伟华,冉立,等.虚拟同步发电机的模型及储能单元优化配置[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(13):22-31.Zeng Zheng,Shao Weihua,Ran Li,et al.Mathematical model and strategic energy storage selection of virtual synchronous generator[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(13):22-31(in Chinese).
[15]张波,颜湘武,黄毅斌,等.虚拟同步机多机并联稳定控制及其惯量匹配方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(10):42-52.Zhang Bo,Yan Xiangwu,Huang Yibin,et al.Stability control and inertia matching method of multi-parallel virtual synchronous generators[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(10):42-52(in Chinese).
[16]Beck H,Hesse R.Virtual synchronous machine[C]//Proceeding of IEEE International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation.Barcelona,Spain:IEEE,2007:1-6.
[17]吕志鹏,梁英,曾正,等.应用虚拟同步电机技术的电动汽车快充控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(25):4287-4294.LüZhipeng,Liang Ying,Zeng Zheng,et al.Virtual synchronous motor based control scheme of fast charger for electric vehicle application[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(25):4287-4294(in Chinese).
[18]吕志鹏,盛万兴,刘海涛,等.虚拟同步机技术在电力系统中的应用与挑战[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):349-359.LüZhipeng,Sheng Wanxing,Liu Haitao,et al.Application and challenge of virtual synchronous machine technology in power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):349-359(in Chinese).
[19]袁敞,刘昌,赵天扬,等.基于储能物理约束的虚拟同步机运行边界研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):506-515.Yuan Chang,Liu Chang,Zhao Tianyang,et al.Research on operating boundary of virtual synchronous machine based on physical constraint of energy storage system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):506-515(in Chinese).
[20]Du Y,Guerrero J M,Chang L C,et al.Modeling,analysis,and design of a frequency-droop-based virtual synchronous generator for microgrid applications[C]//Proceeding of ECCE Asia.Melbourne,VIC:IEEE,2013:643-649.
[21]吴恒,阮新波,杨东升,等.虚拟同步发电机功率环的建模与参数设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(24):6508-6518.Wu Heng,Ruan Xinbo,Yang Dongsheng,et al.Modeling of the power loop and parameter design of virtual synchronous generator[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(24):6508-6518(in Chinese).
[22]孟建辉,王毅,石新春,等.基于虚拟同步发电机的分布式逆变电源控制策略及参数分析[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(12):1-10.Meng Jianhui,Wang Yi,Shi Xinchun,et al.Control strategy and parameter analysis of distributed inverters based on VSG[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(12):1-10(in Chinese).
[23]胡寿松.自动控制原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[2]袁敞,丁雨霏,冯佳耀,等.离网条件下的虚拟同步机分布式并联系统暂态稳定分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(22):22-30.Yuan Chang,Ding Yufei,Feng Jiayao,et al.Transient stability analysis of virtual synchronous machine distributed parallel system under off-grid condition[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(22):22-30(in Chinese).
[3]付强,杜文娟,王海风.虚拟同步发电机控制下多端交直流混联电力系统间的强动态交互过程及其传播[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(24):7226-7234.Fu Qiang,Du Wenjuan,Wang Haifeng.Strong dynamic interaction and propagation of multi-terminal AC/DC hybrid power system with virtual synchronous generator control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(24):7226-7234(in Chinese).
[4]屈子森,蔡云旖,杨欢,等.基于自适应虚拟阻抗的虚拟同步机功率解耦控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(17):58-66.Qu Zisen,Cai Yunyi,Yang Huan,et al.Strategy of power decoupling control for virtual synchronous generator based on adaptive virtual impedances[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(17):58-66(in Chinese).
[5]孙大卫,刘辉,高舜安,等.电流控制型虚拟同步发电机的小信号建模与稳定性分析[J].电网技术,2018,42(9):2983-2991.Sun Dawei,Liu Hui,Gao Shunan,et al.Small-signal modeling and stability analysis of current-controlled virtual synchronous generators[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(9):2983-2991(in Chinese).
[6]李吉祥,赵晋斌,李芬,等.导入静态转子和虚拟调节阀的虚拟同步电机控制策略[J].电网技术,2018,42(6):1922-1928.Li Jixiang,Zhao Jinbin,Li Fen,et al.Control strategy of virtual synchronous generator by performing static rotor and virtual regulating valve[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(6):1922-1928(in Chinese).
[7]邹蕴韬,张海涛,刘春阳,等.新型虚拟同步发电机控制方法及其暂态过程自适应控制策略[J].电网技术,2018,42(3):933-941.Zou Yuntao,Zhang Haitao,Liu Chunyang,et al.A control approach of novel virtual synchronous generator and an adaptive control strategy for its transient process[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(3):933-941(in Chinese).
[8]杨新法,苏剑,吕志鹏,等.微电网技术综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):57-70.Yang Xinfa,Su Jian,LüZhipeng,et al.Overview on micro-grid technology[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(1):57-70(in Chinese).
[9]郑天文,陈来军,陈天一,等.虚拟同步发电机技术及展望[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(21):165-175.Zheng Tianwen,Chen Laijun,Chen Tianyi,et al.Review and prospect of virtual synchronous generator technologies[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(21):165-175(in Chinese).
[10]张兴,朱德斌,徐海珍.分布式发电中的虚拟同步发电机技术[J].电源学报,2012,10(3):1-6,12.Zhang Xing,Zhu Debin,Xu Haizhen.Review of virtual synchronous generator technology in distributed generation[J].Journal of Power Supply,2012,10(3):1-6,12(in Chinese).
[11]Zhong Q,Weiss G.Synchronverters:inverters that mimic synchronous generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(4):1259-1267.
[12]Zhong Q,Nguyen P,Ma Z Y,et al.Self-synchronised synchronverters:inverters without a dedicated synchronisation unit[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(2):617-630.
[13]钟庆昌.虚拟同步机与自主电力系统[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):336-348.Zhong Qingchang.Virtual synchronous machines and autonomous power systems[J].Proceedings of CSEE,2017,37(2):336-348(in Chinese).
[14]曾正,邵伟华,冉立,等.虚拟同步发电机的模型及储能单元优化配置[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(13):22-31.Zeng Zheng,Shao Weihua,Ran Li,et al.Mathematical model and strategic energy storage selection of virtual synchronous generator[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(13):22-31(in Chinese).
[15]张波,颜湘武,黄毅斌,等.虚拟同步机多机并联稳定控制及其惯量匹配方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(10):42-52.Zhang Bo,Yan Xiangwu,Huang Yibin,et al.Stability control and inertia matching method of multi-parallel virtual synchronous generators[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(10):42-52(in Chinese).
[16]Beck H,Hesse R.Virtual synchronous machine[C]//Proceeding of IEEE International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation.Barcelona,Spain:IEEE,2007:1-6.
[17]吕志鹏,梁英,曾正,等.应用虚拟同步电机技术的电动汽车快充控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(25):4287-4294.LüZhipeng,Liang Ying,Zeng Zheng,et al.Virtual synchronous motor based control scheme of fast charger for electric vehicle application[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(25):4287-4294(in Chinese).
[18]吕志鹏,盛万兴,刘海涛,等.虚拟同步机技术在电力系统中的应用与挑战[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):349-359.LüZhipeng,Sheng Wanxing,Liu Haitao,et al.Application and challenge of virtual synchronous machine technology in power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):349-359(in Chinese).
[19]袁敞,刘昌,赵天扬,等.基于储能物理约束的虚拟同步机运行边界研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):506-515.Yuan Chang,Liu Chang,Zhao Tianyang,et al.Research on operating boundary of virtual synchronous machine based on physical constraint of energy storage system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):506-515(in Chinese).
[20]Du Y,Guerrero J M,Chang L C,et al.Modeling,analysis,and design of a frequency-droop-based virtual synchronous generator for microgrid applications[C]//Proceeding of ECCE Asia.Melbourne,VIC:IEEE,2013:643-649.
[21]吴恒,阮新波,杨东升,等.虚拟同步发电机功率环的建模与参数设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(24):6508-6518.Wu Heng,Ruan Xinbo,Yang Dongsheng,et al.Modeling of the power loop and parameter design of virtual synchronous generator[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(24):6508-6518(in Chinese).
[22]孟建辉,王毅,石新春,等.基于虚拟同步发电机的分布式逆变电源控制策略及参数分析[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(12):1-10.Meng Jianhui,Wang Yi,Shi Xinchun,et al.Control strategy and parameter analysis of distributed inverters based on VSG[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(12):1-10(in Chinese).
[23]胡寿松.自动控制原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.