效率视角下“一带一路”沿线国家创新影响力研究
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摘要
从效率差异视角构建国家创新影响力评价方法,揭示"一带一路"沿线国家创新要素流动倾向性以促进交流合作。运用DEA模型测算各国创新效率,根据DEA原理识别国家间的认可关系,构建创新网络并用节点特征向量中心度表示各国创新影响力,分析创新影响力类型、创新网络特征及创新投入冗余率与产出不足率。结果发现,各国创新效率存在显著差距;各国分别处于创新网络中心、核心和边缘位置,国家创新影响力依次递减;按照创新要素相对强度,沿线国家可分为6种创新类型;最后,提出沿线国家间开展创新交流与合作的必要性和途径。
The evaluation method of national innovation influence is established from the perspective of efficiency difference,and the flowing tendency of innovation factor among countries along " One Belt and One Road" is revealed so as to promote exchanges and cooperation.The innovation efficiency of each country is calculate using DEA model,and the endorsing relationship among countries is identified according to DEA principle.Furthermore,the innovation networks are constructed and the innovation influence of each country is expressed by the eigenvector centrality of nodes,and the innovation influence type,the innovation network characteristics,the innovation input redundancy rate and the output deficiency rate are analyzed.The study show that there is a significant gap between countries in innovation efficiency;countries are distributed at the center,the core and the edge of the innovation network,whereas the influence of national innovation decreases in turn;According to the relative intensity of innovation elements,countries along the belt and road can be divided into 6 types of innovation.The necessity and ways of innovation exchange and cooperation between countries along the route are proposed.
The evaluation method of national innovation influence is established from the perspective of efficiency difference,and the flowing tendency of innovation factor among countries along " One Belt and One Road" is revealed so as to promote exchanges and cooperation.The innovation efficiency of each country is calculate using DEA model,and the endorsing relationship among countries is identified according to DEA principle.Furthermore,the innovation networks are constructed and the innovation influence of each country is expressed by the eigenvector centrality of nodes,and the innovation influence type,the innovation network characteristics,the innovation input redundancy rate and the output deficiency rate are analyzed.The study show that there is a significant gap between countries in innovation efficiency;countries are distributed at the center,the core and the edge of the innovation network,whereas the influence of national innovation decreases in turn;According to the relative intensity of innovation elements,countries along the belt and road can be divided into 6 types of innovation.The necessity and ways of innovation exchange and cooperation between countries along the route are proposed.
引文
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[3]WAGNER CS,PARK HW,LEYDESDORFF L.The continuing growth of global cooperation networks in research:a conundrum for national governments[J].Plos One,2015,10(7):1-15.
[4]ALBERT R,JEONG H,BARABASI AL.Attack and error tolerance in complex networks[J].Nature,2000,406(6794):387-482.
[5]ROBINS G,SNIJDERS T,WANG P,et al.Recent developments in exponential random graph(*)models for social networks[J].Social Networks,2007,29(2):192-215.
[6]霍宏伟,王艳,肖轶,等.中外政府间协议框架下国际科技项目合作网络研究[J].管理学报,2017,14(7):1041-1051.
[7]王继民,王若佳,曾兰馨,等.1996-2015年“一带一路”沿线国家科研合作网络的演化分析[J].图书情报工作,2017,61(16):76-83.
[8]张明倩,柯莉.“一带一路”跨国专利合作网络及影响因素研究[J].软科学,2018,32(6):21-25,29.
[9]张明倩,邓敏敏.中国与“一带一路”沿线国家跨国专利合作特征研究[J].情报杂志,2016,35(4):4,37-42.
[10]吴力群.影响力的信息测度[J].现代情报,2009,29(4):75-78.
[11]LIU JS,LU WM,YANG C,et al.A network-based approach for increasing discrimination in data envelopment analysis[J].Journal of the Operational Research Society,2009,60(S11):1502-1510.
[12]BONACICH P.Factoring and weighting approaches to status scores and clique identification[J].Journal of Mathematical Sociology,1972,2(1):113-120.
[13]BONACICH P.Technique for analyzing overlapping memberships[J].Sociological Methodology,1972,4(4):176-185.
[14]BANKER RD,CHARNES A,COOPER WW.Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis[J].Management Science,1984,30(9):1078-1092.
[15](澳)TIMOTHY JC.效率与生产率分析引论(第二版)[M].王忠玉,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2008.
[16]杨锋,杨琛琛,梁樑,等.基于公共权重DEA模型的决策单元排序研究[J].系统工程学报,2011,26(4):551-557.
[17]ZHU J.Multi-factor performance measure model with an application to fortune 500companies[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2000(123):105-124.
[18]LIU JS,LU WM.DEA and ranking with the networkbased approach:a case of R&D performance[J].Omega,2010,38(6):453-464.
[19]江成山,孟卫东,熊维勤.协同创新效率的国际比较及其影响因素分析[J].重庆大学学报:社会科学版,2013,19(5):56-65.
[20]NOOY WD,MRVAR A,BATAGELI V.Exploratory social network analysis with Pajek[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,2005.
[21]KAMADA T,KAWAI S.An algorithm for drawing general undirected graphs[J].Processing Letters Archive,1989,31(1):7-15.
[22]刘卫东,田锦尘,欧晓理,等.“一带一路”战略研究[M].北京:商务印书馆,2017.