风电并网系统次/超同步振荡的动态监测方法研究
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摘要
近年来,我国大规模风电基地中出现了新型次/超同步振荡问题,其频率具有时变特性。已有的同步相量测量单元(PMU)和广域测量系统无法准确监测其动态发展过程。鉴于此,本文首先探讨了次/超同步谐波对传统PMU算法的不良影响,剖析谐波引起基频相量测量误差的根源。其次,提出一种具有频率自适应控制能力的次/超同步谐波相量检测方法,能够准确判断系统中是否出现次同步振荡,并检测出基波相量和次/超同步谐波相量。最后,通过搭建实际系统的电磁暂态仿真模型分析验证了改进算法的有效性和精确性。
In recent years,a new type of sub/super-synchronous oscillation(SSO)occurred in the large-scale wind power system in China.The frequency of these emerging SSO issues gradually changes with time.The exiting phasor measurement units(PMUs)and wide-area measurement system(WAMS)cannot monitor the dynamics of sub/super-synchronous oscillations in wind power systems.To deal with these challenges,this paper investigates impacts of the subsynchronous and super-synchronous harmonics on traditional PMU algorithms.The root cause of measurement error caused by harmonics is thoroughly analyzed.A new method which can automatically adapt its frequency is proposed to track the fundamental phasor,sub-synchronous phasor and super-synchronous phasor simultaneously.The electromagnetic transient simulations based on a practical wind power system are carried out to validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the improved method.
In recent years,a new type of sub/super-synchronous oscillation(SSO)occurred in the large-scale wind power system in China.The frequency of these emerging SSO issues gradually changes with time.The exiting phasor measurement units(PMUs)and wide-area measurement system(WAMS)cannot monitor the dynamics of sub/super-synchronous oscillations in wind power systems.To deal with these challenges,this paper investigates impacts of the subsynchronous and super-synchronous harmonics on traditional PMU algorithms.The root cause of measurement error caused by harmonics is thoroughly analyzed.A new method which can automatically adapt its frequency is proposed to track the fundamental phasor,sub-synchronous phasor and super-synchronous phasor simultaneously.The electromagnetic transient simulations based on a practical wind power system are carried out to validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the improved method.
引文
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[18]厉超,卫志农,倪明,等.计及PMU量测的分步线性状态估计模型[J].电网技术,2014,38(6):1700-1704.LI Chao,WEI Zhinong,NI Ming,et al.A PMUmeasurement based stepwise linear state estimation model[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(6):1700-1704.
[19]WANG Xiaofeng,HARNEFORS L,BLAABJERGF.Unified impedance model of grid-connected voltage-source converters[J].IEEE Trans.Power E-lectro.,2018,33(2):1775-1787.
[20]HAUER J F,VAKILI F.An oscillation detector used in the BPA power system disturbance monitor[J].IEEE Trans.Power systems,1990,5(1):74-79.
[21]WELCH P.The use of fast Fourier transform for the estimation of power spectra:A method based on time averaging over short,modified periodograms[J].IEEE Trans.Audio Electroacoustics,1967,15(2):70-73.
[22]SANCHEZ-GASCA J.Identification of electromechanical modes in power systems(Technical Report PES-TR15,formerly TP462)[R].IEEE Power&Energy Society,2012.
[2]董哲,周明,李庚银,等.针对风电外送基地的暂态切机决策模型[J].电网技术,2016,40(5):1348-1354.DONG Zhe,ZHOU Ming,LI Gengyin,et al.Atransient tripping decision-making model for sendingout wind power system[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(5):1348-1354.
[3]孙文博,徐华利,付媛,等.应用于大型风电基地功率外送的多端直流输电系统协调控制[J].电网技术,2013,37(6):1596-1601.SUN Wenbo,XU Huali,FU Yuan,et al.Coordinated control of multi-terminal DC transmission system to send out power from large-scale wind farm[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(6):1596-1601.
[4]ADAMS J,PAPPU V A,DIXIT A.ERCOT experience screening for sub-synchronous control interaction in the vicinity of series capacitor banks[C]//Proceedings of the 2012IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.San Diego,CA,USA,2012:1-5.
[5]毕天姝,孔永乐,肖仕武,等.大规模风电外送中的次同步振荡问题[J].电力科学与技术学报,2012,27(1):10-15.BI Tianshu,KONG Yongle,XIAO Shiwu,et al.Review of sub-synchronous oscillation with large-scale wind power transmission[J].Journal of Electric Power Science and Technology,2012,27(1):10-15.
[6]LIU Huakun,XIE Xiaorong,GAO Xiaodan,et al.Stability analysis of SSR in multiple wind farms connected to series-compensated systems using impedance network model[J].IEEE Trans.Power Systems,2018,33(3):3118-3128.
[7]LI Yunhong,LIU Hui,NING Wenyuan,et al.Impact on SSR of wind farms connected to series-compensated lines from the different structures of power grid[J].The Journal of Engineering,2017(13):2158-2163.
[8]LIU Hao,BI Tianshu,LI Jue,et al.Inter-harmonics monitoring method based on PMUs[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2017,11(18):4414-4421.
[9]LIU Huakun,XIE Xiaorong,HE Jingbo,et al.Subsynchronous interaction between direct-drive PMSGbased wind farms and weak AC networks[J].IEEETrans.Power systems,2017,32(6):4708-4720.
[10]YOU Shutang,LIU Yong,KOU Gefei,et al.Noninvasive identification of inertia distribution change in high renewable systems using distribution level PMU[J].IEEE Trans.Power systems,2018,33(1):1110-1112.
[11]ZHANG Yuchen,YAN Yu,DONG Zhaoyang.Robust ensemble data analytics for incomplete PMUmeasurements-based power system stability assessment[J].IEEE Trans.Power systems,2018,33(1):1124-1126.
[12]LI Wei,VANFRETTI L,CHOW J H.Pseudo-dynamic network modeling for PMU-based state estimation of hybrid AC/DC grids[J].IEEE Access,2018,6:4006-4016.
[13]XIE Xiaorong,XIN Yaozhong,XIAO Jinyu,et al.WAMS applications in Chinese power systems[J].IEEE power&energy magazine,2006,4(1):54-63.
[14]NGUYEN T T,LI X J.A fast and accurate method for estimating power systems phasors using DFT with interpolation[C]//Proceedings of 2006IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting.Montreal,Que,Canada,2006:1-8.
[15]BI Tianshu,LIU Hao,ZHANG Daonong,et al.The PMU dynamic performance evaluation and the comparion of PMU standards[C]//Proceedings of2012IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting.San Diego,CA,USA,2012:1-5.
[16]王超,汪芳宗.一种高精度的电力系统相量测量方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2009,37(19):36-40.WANG Chao,WANG Fangzong.A high-precision algorithm for phasor measurement of power systems[J].Power System Protection and Control,2009,37(19):36-40.
[17]闵勇,丁仁杰,韩英铎,等.自适应调整采样率的相量在线测量算法研究[J].电力系统自动化,1998,22(10):10-13.MIN Yong,DING Renjie,HAN Yingduo,et al.Research on a new on-line phasor measurement approach based on the adaptive sampling interval technique[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,1998,22(10):10-13.
[18]厉超,卫志农,倪明,等.计及PMU量测的分步线性状态估计模型[J].电网技术,2014,38(6):1700-1704.LI Chao,WEI Zhinong,NI Ming,et al.A PMUmeasurement based stepwise linear state estimation model[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(6):1700-1704.
[19]WANG Xiaofeng,HARNEFORS L,BLAABJERGF.Unified impedance model of grid-connected voltage-source converters[J].IEEE Trans.Power E-lectro.,2018,33(2):1775-1787.
[20]HAUER J F,VAKILI F.An oscillation detector used in the BPA power system disturbance monitor[J].IEEE Trans.Power systems,1990,5(1):74-79.
[21]WELCH P.The use of fast Fourier transform for the estimation of power spectra:A method based on time averaging over short,modified periodograms[J].IEEE Trans.Audio Electroacoustics,1967,15(2):70-73.
[22]SANCHEZ-GASCA J.Identification of electromechanical modes in power systems(Technical Report PES-TR15,formerly TP462)[R].IEEE Power&Energy Society,2012.