摘要
系统整理并分析了不同领域节水潜力预测方法的分类、原理、适用范围及研究现状,帮助从业人员针对实际问题快速选择模型。分析认为,基于公式模型的节水潜力预测方法收集数据较少,操作简捷,使用范围较广,但精确性不高;基于机器学习的节水潜力预测方法虽然收集的数据种类和数量较多,但构造出的预测模型使用范围广,精度高。针对节水潜力预测的现存问题,总结分析了其发展趋势。未来节水潜力预测的研究应根据不同产业和地域特点,引入深度学习、大数据等新技术,实现精细化节水潜力预测;同时加快完善基于互联网的节水潜力预测应用,实现集成数据收集、处理、预测、发布等功能于一体的节水社会化服务。
The classification,principle,scope of application and research status of prediction methods for water-saving potentials in different fields are summarized so as to help researchers to select models more quickly for practical problems. The results show that the formula model-based methods have been widely used and are easy to operate with less data. However,their precisions are not high. The machine learning-based methods can be widely utilized with high precision although they require more data. In response to the existing problems in the prediction of water-saving potentials,the development trend is summarized and analyzed. In the future,some new technologies such as deep learning,big data will be introduced into the researches on the prediction of water-saving potentials according to different industries and regional characteristics. They will look forward to achieve refined water saving potential prediction. In addition,accelerating the application of Internet-based prediction of watersaving potential will realize the water-saving socialization services which integrate the functions such as data collection,processing,forecasting and publishing.
引文
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