基于Cuk斩波电路的电池组均衡方法
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摘要
电池均衡技术可有效减小锂电池组串联使用过程中的不一致性。基于此提出了一种使用Cuk斩波电路作为均衡器的新型均衡拓扑,该均衡拓扑使用双层开关选择均衡单体电池连接到Cuk均衡器,同时该均衡器采用零电压导通技术。均衡方案使用单层均衡器实现模组内部单体之间以及不同模组的单体之间均衡能量的同时转移。该均衡方案具有均衡电流连续且波动较小、均衡能量转移效率高等优点。对12节串联的锂电池组进行了充放电均衡实验以及静置均衡对比试验,实验结果表明,该方案可以有效减小单体电池间的不一致性,提升电池组的整体性能。
Battery equalization technology can effectively reduce the inconsistency in the process of using the series-connected lithium battery packs. A new equalization topology is proposed using Cuk chopper circuit as the equalizer. The equalization topology uses a two-layer switch to select the single equalization cells to connect to the Cuk equalization converter. At the same time, the Cuk equalization converter adopts zero voltage conduction technology. The equalization scheme uses a single-layer equalizer to achieve simultaneous transfer of the equalization energy among the single cells in the module and the single cells in different modules. The equalization scheme has the advantages of continuous equalization current, small fluctuation and high equalization energy transfer efficiency. The charge-discharge equalization experiment and static equalization comparison experiment on a battery pack with 12 series lithium batteries were performed. The experiment results show that this scheme can effectively reduce the inconsistency among single cells and improve the overall performance of the battery pack.
Battery equalization technology can effectively reduce the inconsistency in the process of using the series-connected lithium battery packs. A new equalization topology is proposed using Cuk chopper circuit as the equalizer. The equalization topology uses a two-layer switch to select the single equalization cells to connect to the Cuk equalization converter. At the same time, the Cuk equalization converter adopts zero voltage conduction technology. The equalization scheme uses a single-layer equalizer to achieve simultaneous transfer of the equalization energy among the single cells in the module and the single cells in different modules. The equalization scheme has the advantages of continuous equalization current, small fluctuation and high equalization energy transfer efficiency. The charge-discharge equalization experiment and static equalization comparison experiment on a battery pack with 12 series lithium batteries were performed. The experiment results show that this scheme can effectively reduce the inconsistency among single cells and improve the overall performance of the battery pack.
引文
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[2] 刘征宇,孙庆,马亚东,等.基于Buck-Boost电路的能量转移型均衡方案[J].电机与控制学报, 2017,21(9): 73-79.LIU Z Y, SUN Q, MA Y D, et al. Energy transferring equalization scheme based on Boost-Buck circuit[J]. Electric Machines and Control, 2017,21(9):73-79.
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[6] 赵天意,彭喜元,彭宇,等.改进卡尔曼滤波的融合型锂离子电池SOC估计方法[J].仪器仪表学报, 2016, 37(7):1441-1448.ZHAO T Y, PENG X Y, PENG Y, et al. Lithium-ion battery SOC estimation method with fusion improved Kalman filter algorithm[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2016,37(7):1441-1448.
[7] 冯飞,宋凯,逯仁贵,等.磷酸铁锂电池组均衡控制策略及荷电状态估计算法[J].电工技术学报, 2015,30(1): 22- 29.FENG F, SONG K, LU R G, et al. Equalization control strategy and SOC estimation for LiFePO4 battery pack[J]. Electric Machines and Control, 2015,30(1): 22- 29.
[8] ROSE J L, SANKARAGOMATHI B. Comparison of Buck-Boost and converters based on time domain response[J]. Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, 2018,27(14):24- 47.
[9] NGUYEN N, ORUGANTI S K, NA K. An adaptive backward control battery equalization system for serially connected lithium-ion battery packs[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2014,63(8):3651-3660.
[10] 刘红锐,杜春峰,陈仕龙,等.一种基于Cuk斩波电路的双向双层桥臂的蓄电池组均衡器的研究[J].电源学报, 2017,15(2):142-147.LIU H R, DU C F, CHEN SH L, et al. Research on bidirectional battery pack equalizer with double deck based on Cuk chopper circuit[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2017,15(2):142-147.
[11] OUYANG Q, CHEN J, ZHENG J. SOC Estimation-based quasi-sliding mode control for cell balancing in lithium-ion battery packs[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2018,65(4): 3427-3426.
[12] OUYANG Q, CHEN J, LIU H. Improved cell equalizing topology for serially connected lithium-ion battery packs [C]. International Conference on Green Energy and Sustainable Development, 2017:1864.
[13] NQUYEN T T N, YOO H G, ORUQANTI S K, et al. Neuro-fuzzy controller for battery equalization in serially connected lithium battery pack [J]. IET Power Electronics, 2015,8(3):458- 466.
[14] LEE Y S, CHENG M W. Intelligent control battery equalization for series connected lithium-ion battery strings [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2005,52(5):1297-1307.
[15] ZHANG CH H, SHANG Y L, LI Z Y, et al. An interleaved equalization architecture with self-learning fuzzy logic control for series-connected battery strings [J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2017,12(66): 10923-10934.
[16] 刘帅,韦莉,张逸成,等.耦合电感式新型交错Boost软开关变换器研究[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2014, 28(12):1340-1347.LIU SH, WEI L, ZHANG Y CH, et al. Research on novel soft-switched interleaved Boost converter with coupled inductor[J]. Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation, 2014,28(12): 1340-1347.
[17] LI J H, GAO F J, YAN G G, et al. Modeling and SOC estimation of lithium iron phosphate battery considering capacity loss[J]. Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems, 2018,3(1):5-13.
[18] 宋绍剑,王志浩,林小峰.基于SOC的锂动力电池组双向主动均衡控制[J].系统仿真学报,2017,29(3):609- 617.SONG SH J, WANG ZH H, LIN X F. SOC-based bi-directional active equalization control for lithium-ion power battery [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2017,29(3):609- 617.
[19] 孙逢春,孟祥峰,林程,等.电动汽车动力电池动态测试工况研究[J].北京理工大学学报,2010,30(3):297-301.SUN Y CH, MENG X F, LIN CH, et al. Dynamic stress test profile of power battery for electric vehicle[J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2010,30(3):297-301.
[2] 刘征宇,孙庆,马亚东,等.基于Buck-Boost电路的能量转移型均衡方案[J].电机与控制学报, 2017,21(9): 73-79.LIU Z Y, SUN Q, MA Y D, et al. Energy transferring equalization scheme based on Boost-Buck circuit[J]. Electric Machines and Control, 2017,21(9):73-79.
[3] 叶凌云,朱幸,黄添添,等.变压器分立的动力电池组主动均衡技术研究[J].仪器仪表学报, 2018,39(7): 83-91.YE L Y, ZHU X, HUANG T T, et al. Research on active balance technology of power battery pack based on multi-transformer method[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2018,39(7):83-91.
[4] WANG X L, CHENG K W E, FONG Y C. Series-parallel switched-capacitor balancing circuit for hybrid source package[J]. IEEE Access, 2018(6):34254-34261.
[5] THUC M B, KIM C H, KIM K H, et al. A modular cell balancer based on multi-winding transformer and switched-capacitor circuits for a series-connected battery string in electric vehicles[J]. Applied Sciences-Basel, 2018,8(8): 1278-1298.
[6] 赵天意,彭喜元,彭宇,等.改进卡尔曼滤波的融合型锂离子电池SOC估计方法[J].仪器仪表学报, 2016, 37(7):1441-1448.ZHAO T Y, PENG X Y, PENG Y, et al. Lithium-ion battery SOC estimation method with fusion improved Kalman filter algorithm[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2016,37(7):1441-1448.
[7] 冯飞,宋凯,逯仁贵,等.磷酸铁锂电池组均衡控制策略及荷电状态估计算法[J].电工技术学报, 2015,30(1): 22- 29.FENG F, SONG K, LU R G, et al. Equalization control strategy and SOC estimation for LiFePO4 battery pack[J]. Electric Machines and Control, 2015,30(1): 22- 29.
[8] ROSE J L, SANKARAGOMATHI B. Comparison of Buck-Boost and converters based on time domain response[J]. Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, 2018,27(14):24- 47.
[9] NGUYEN N, ORUGANTI S K, NA K. An adaptive backward control battery equalization system for serially connected lithium-ion battery packs[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2014,63(8):3651-3660.
[10] 刘红锐,杜春峰,陈仕龙,等.一种基于Cuk斩波电路的双向双层桥臂的蓄电池组均衡器的研究[J].电源学报, 2017,15(2):142-147.LIU H R, DU C F, CHEN SH L, et al. Research on bidirectional battery pack equalizer with double deck based on Cuk chopper circuit[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2017,15(2):142-147.
[11] OUYANG Q, CHEN J, ZHENG J. SOC Estimation-based quasi-sliding mode control for cell balancing in lithium-ion battery packs[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2018,65(4): 3427-3426.
[12] OUYANG Q, CHEN J, LIU H. Improved cell equalizing topology for serially connected lithium-ion battery packs [C]. International Conference on Green Energy and Sustainable Development, 2017:1864.
[13] NQUYEN T T N, YOO H G, ORUQANTI S K, et al. Neuro-fuzzy controller for battery equalization in serially connected lithium battery pack [J]. IET Power Electronics, 2015,8(3):458- 466.
[14] LEE Y S, CHENG M W. Intelligent control battery equalization for series connected lithium-ion battery strings [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2005,52(5):1297-1307.
[15] ZHANG CH H, SHANG Y L, LI Z Y, et al. An interleaved equalization architecture with self-learning fuzzy logic control for series-connected battery strings [J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2017,12(66): 10923-10934.
[16] 刘帅,韦莉,张逸成,等.耦合电感式新型交错Boost软开关变换器研究[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2014, 28(12):1340-1347.LIU SH, WEI L, ZHANG Y CH, et al. Research on novel soft-switched interleaved Boost converter with coupled inductor[J]. Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation, 2014,28(12): 1340-1347.
[17] LI J H, GAO F J, YAN G G, et al. Modeling and SOC estimation of lithium iron phosphate battery considering capacity loss[J]. Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems, 2018,3(1):5-13.
[18] 宋绍剑,王志浩,林小峰.基于SOC的锂动力电池组双向主动均衡控制[J].系统仿真学报,2017,29(3):609- 617.SONG SH J, WANG ZH H, LIN X F. SOC-based bi-directional active equalization control for lithium-ion power battery [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2017,29(3):609- 617.
[19] 孙逢春,孟祥峰,林程,等.电动汽车动力电池动态测试工况研究[J].北京理工大学学报,2010,30(3):297-301.SUN Y CH, MENG X F, LIN CH, et al. Dynamic stress test profile of power battery for electric vehicle[J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2010,30(3):297-301.