一带一路沿线国家马品种的系统进化研究
|
摘要
目的:旨在通过研究一带一路沿线国家马品种的系统进化树,由此探究其母系进化关系以及中国4个马品种(河曲马、乌审马、巴尔虎马、乌珠穆沁马)与其他马品种间的母系进化关系。方法:本研究对目前GenBank上登陆的一带一路沿线18个国家的22个马品种(俄罗斯2个品种、中国4个品种、其余16个国家各1个品种)的65匹家马的mtDNA D-loop区碱基序列进行系统发育分析。利用生物信息学软件DNAMAN4和Mega6.3,以邻接法(neighbor joining,NJ)构建了22个马品种的NJ系统进化树。结果:NJ树明显分出了2个分支,一个是由一带一路沿线大部分欧洲国家马品种聚成的分支,另一个是由一带一路沿线大部分亚洲国家马品种聚成的分支,这一结果具有明显的地理分布特征。结果还表明中国马品种中的河曲马和乌审马分在了亚洲分支,而巴尔虎马和乌珠穆沁马分在了欧洲分支。结论:从家马母系起源看,中国家马的母系起源可能具有两种或以上的母系起源;巴尔虎马和乌珠穆沁马是与欧洲家马品种有密切的母系起源,河曲马和乌审马是与亚洲家马品种有密切的母系起源。
Objective:We phylogenetically analyzed the horse breeds in the countries along the Belt and Road to investigate the maternal original evolutionary relationships between the horse's breeds contain 4 Chinese horse breeds(the Hequ, Baerhu, Wushen and Ujimqin horses). Method:This study downloaded the 65 horse's(22 breeds: Russia 2 breeds, China 4 breeds, the remaining 16 countries each have 1 breeds) base sequence of mtDNA D-loop region from GenBank, the breeds belongs to 18 countries on the Belt and Road along. The Bioinformatics software DNAMAN4 and Mega6.3 of were used to construct the phylogenetic tree with neighbor joining method(NJ). Results:The results show that the NJ tree is divided into 2 branches, one of which is made up of most horse breeds of European countries along the Belt and Road, and the other is a branch of most horse breeds Asian countries along the Belt and Road. The results also shows that the horses of the Chinese Hequ horse and the Wushen horses are in the Asian branch, while the Baerhu horse and the Ujimqin horse are divided in the European.Conclusion:The results suggest that the maternal origin of Chinese domestic horse may have two or more origins, one of which is closely related to the European equine group, and the other is the maternal origin closely related to the Asian equine group.
Objective:We phylogenetically analyzed the horse breeds in the countries along the Belt and Road to investigate the maternal original evolutionary relationships between the horse's breeds contain 4 Chinese horse breeds(the Hequ, Baerhu, Wushen and Ujimqin horses). Method:This study downloaded the 65 horse's(22 breeds: Russia 2 breeds, China 4 breeds, the remaining 16 countries each have 1 breeds) base sequence of mtDNA D-loop region from GenBank, the breeds belongs to 18 countries on the Belt and Road along. The Bioinformatics software DNAMAN4 and Mega6.3 of were used to construct the phylogenetic tree with neighbor joining method(NJ). Results:The results show that the NJ tree is divided into 2 branches, one of which is made up of most horse breeds of European countries along the Belt and Road, and the other is a branch of most horse breeds Asian countries along the Belt and Road. The results also shows that the horses of the Chinese Hequ horse and the Wushen horses are in the Asian branch, while the Baerhu horse and the Ujimqin horse are divided in the European.Conclusion:The results suggest that the maternal origin of Chinese domestic horse may have two or more origins, one of which is closely related to the European equine group, and the other is the maternal origin closely related to the Asian equine group.
引文
[1] 张亚平,施立明. 动物线粒体DNA多态性的研究概况[J]. 动物学研究,1992,13(3):289-298.
[2] Zhang D X,Hewitt G M. Highly conserved nuclear copies of the mitochondrial control region in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria: some implications for population studies[J]. Molecular Ecology,1996,5(2):295.
[3] 苏锐.中国家马的遗传多样性与母系起源研究[D]. 西北农林科技大学,2008.
[4]Jansen,T. Mitochondrial DNA and the origins of the domestic horse[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2002,99(16):10905-10910.
[5] Mcgahern A,Bower M A,Edwards C J,et al. Evidence for biogeographic patterning of mitochondrial DNA sequences in Eastern horse populations.[J]. Animal Genetics,2006,37(5):494-497.
[6] Kim K,Yang Y,Lee S,et al. Phylogenetic relationships of Cheju horses to other horse breeds as determined by mtDNA D‐loop sequence polymorphism[J]. Animal Genetics,1999,30(2):102-108.
[7] 蔡大伟,曹建恩,陈全家,等. 内蒙古凉城县春秋时期古代马线粒体DNA分析[J]. 边疆考古研究, 2008(1):328-333.
[8] 王小斌,张云生,蓝贤勇,等. 中国家马mtDNA D-loop区遗传多样性与多重母系起源研究[C]. 第十五次全国动物遗传育种学术讨论会. 2009.
[9] 凌英会. 中国主要地方马群体遗传多样性及系统进化研究[D]. 中国农业科学院,2010.
[10] 陈建兴, 孙玉江, 乌尼尔夫,等. 基于ND4基因分析家马的母系起源 [J]. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2013(3):8-10.
[11] 陈建兴, 李静, 姜兆兴,等. 马PPAR-γ基因序列生物信息学初步分析[J]. 内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,39(2):1-7.
[12] 李金莲. 中国蒙古马遗传多样性和分子系统进化研究[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学,2006.
[13] 任爱珍,白东义,赵一萍, 等. 基于高速双倍自助法对蒙古马系统发育树的研究 [J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2018, 49(9):1861-1869.
[14] 杨子恒. 分子进化树的统计推断[J]. 遗传,1995(s1):92-96.
[15] Saitou N,Imanishi T. Relative Efficiencies of the Fitch-Margoliash, Maximum-Parsimony, Maximum-Likelihood, Minimum-Evolution,and Neighbor-joining Methods of Phylogenetic Tree Construction in Obtaining the Correct Tree[J]. Dental Press J Orthod,1989,17(1):108-114.
[16] Hasegawa M,Kishino H,Saitou N. On the maximum likelihood method in molecular phylogenetics[J]. Journal of Molecular Evolution,1991,32(5):443-445.
[17] MasatoshiNei,SudhirKumar.分子进化与系统发育[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2002:98.
[2] Zhang D X,Hewitt G M. Highly conserved nuclear copies of the mitochondrial control region in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria: some implications for population studies[J]. Molecular Ecology,1996,5(2):295.
[3] 苏锐.中国家马的遗传多样性与母系起源研究[D]. 西北农林科技大学,2008.
[4]Jansen,T. Mitochondrial DNA and the origins of the domestic horse[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2002,99(16):10905-10910.
[5] Mcgahern A,Bower M A,Edwards C J,et al. Evidence for biogeographic patterning of mitochondrial DNA sequences in Eastern horse populations.[J]. Animal Genetics,2006,37(5):494-497.
[6] Kim K,Yang Y,Lee S,et al. Phylogenetic relationships of Cheju horses to other horse breeds as determined by mtDNA D‐loop sequence polymorphism[J]. Animal Genetics,1999,30(2):102-108.
[7] 蔡大伟,曹建恩,陈全家,等. 内蒙古凉城县春秋时期古代马线粒体DNA分析[J]. 边疆考古研究, 2008(1):328-333.
[8] 王小斌,张云生,蓝贤勇,等. 中国家马mtDNA D-loop区遗传多样性与多重母系起源研究[C]. 第十五次全国动物遗传育种学术讨论会. 2009.
[9] 凌英会. 中国主要地方马群体遗传多样性及系统进化研究[D]. 中国农业科学院,2010.
[10] 陈建兴, 孙玉江, 乌尼尔夫,等. 基于ND4基因分析家马的母系起源 [J]. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2013(3):8-10.
[11] 陈建兴, 李静, 姜兆兴,等. 马PPAR-γ基因序列生物信息学初步分析[J]. 内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,39(2):1-7.
[12] 李金莲. 中国蒙古马遗传多样性和分子系统进化研究[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学,2006.
[13] 任爱珍,白东义,赵一萍, 等. 基于高速双倍自助法对蒙古马系统发育树的研究 [J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2018, 49(9):1861-1869.
[14] 杨子恒. 分子进化树的统计推断[J]. 遗传,1995(s1):92-96.
[15] Saitou N,Imanishi T. Relative Efficiencies of the Fitch-Margoliash, Maximum-Parsimony, Maximum-Likelihood, Minimum-Evolution,and Neighbor-joining Methods of Phylogenetic Tree Construction in Obtaining the Correct Tree[J]. Dental Press J Orthod,1989,17(1):108-114.
[16] Hasegawa M,Kishino H,Saitou N. On the maximum likelihood method in molecular phylogenetics[J]. Journal of Molecular Evolution,1991,32(5):443-445.
[17] MasatoshiNei,SudhirKumar.分子进化与系统发育[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2002:98.