松褐天牛在松材线虫病病死树上的垂直分布规律
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摘要
【目的】松褐天牛是典型的钻蛀性害虫,林间天牛种群密度调查及其防治极为困难。了解松褐天牛在松材线虫病枯死树上的垂直分布情况,旨在为松褐天牛的林间虫情调查和危害程度估计提供一种方便快捷的简易方法。【方法】采用随机抽取、逐株逐段调查统计法,于2015-2017年在江西省赣州市峰山国家森林公园系统调查了松褐天牛在松材线虫病死树上的产卵刻槽、侵入孔和羽化孔的垂直分布并分析了它们间的数量关系情况。【结果】松褐天牛产卵刻槽,在株高<8 m时,主要分布在树干中段,占全株的46.07%,而株高≥8 m时,主要分布在树干下段,占53.687%;幼虫侵入孔和成虫羽化孔在病树上的数量分布:树干中段>下段>上段,中段均占50%左右;产卵刻槽、侵入孔和羽化孔的数量与树干高度呈正相关关系。伐桩上没有发现产卵刻槽,且侵入孔、羽化孔数量也极少,分别占总株侵入孔数、羽化孔数的0.54%、0.29%。树干下段虫孔数量(即下段产卵刻槽、侵入孔和羽化孔数量)与整株羽化孔数量均呈极显著相关关系,但根据下段侵入孔数量来推算整株羽化孔的数量更为准确、可靠。【结论】根据下段侵入孔数量来推算整株羽化孔的数量,是松褐天牛林间虫情调查的一种方便快捷方法。
【Objective】 Population density of the typical borer pest, Monochamus alternatus, in the Bursaphelenchus xylophilus forest was investigated to seek effective means for detecting and controlling the difficult-to-manage infestation. 【Method】The vertical distributions of oviposition grooves, invasion(entry) and eclosion(exit) holes of M. alternatus inside the infected tree trunks were obtained by systematic random sampling and tree-by-tree, section-by-section close observation on evidence of infestation on trees at Fengshan National Forest Park in Ganzhou, Jiangxi from 2015 to 2017.The data were analyzed for correlations among them. 【Result】The oviposition tracks left on the trunks by M. monochamus constituted 46.07% of the total in the section half way above ground level on a tree less than 8 m high. For the trees equal or taller than 8 m, 53.687% of the marks were found in the lower part of a trunk. The quantitative distribution of larval invasion and adult eclosion holes on the diseased trees ranked in the order of middle section>lower section>upper section. Of which, approximately 50% were in the middle section of a tree trunk. The total number of oviposition grooves and invasion and eclosion holes correlated with tree height. No oviposition groove was observed on dead tree stumps, and few invasion and eclosion holes were found which amounted to merely 0.54% and 0.29%, respectively, of the total. The number of boreholes(i.e., the combined total of oviposition grooves and invasion and eclosion holes) in the lower part of the trunk significantly correlated with the number of eclosion holes in the entire tree. However, it was more accurate and reliable to estimate the total number of eclosion holes on a tree by using the count of invasion holes in the lower section. 【Conclusion】 Using the invasion hole count in lower trunk section to estimate the total number of eclosion holes on a infested tree was considered a convenient, quick and reliable way for studying the M. monochamus infestation in a B. xylophilus forest.
【Objective】 Population density of the typical borer pest, Monochamus alternatus, in the Bursaphelenchus xylophilus forest was investigated to seek effective means for detecting and controlling the difficult-to-manage infestation. 【Method】The vertical distributions of oviposition grooves, invasion(entry) and eclosion(exit) holes of M. alternatus inside the infected tree trunks were obtained by systematic random sampling and tree-by-tree, section-by-section close observation on evidence of infestation on trees at Fengshan National Forest Park in Ganzhou, Jiangxi from 2015 to 2017.The data were analyzed for correlations among them. 【Result】The oviposition tracks left on the trunks by M. monochamus constituted 46.07% of the total in the section half way above ground level on a tree less than 8 m high. For the trees equal or taller than 8 m, 53.687% of the marks were found in the lower part of a trunk. The quantitative distribution of larval invasion and adult eclosion holes on the diseased trees ranked in the order of middle section>lower section>upper section. Of which, approximately 50% were in the middle section of a tree trunk. The total number of oviposition grooves and invasion and eclosion holes correlated with tree height. No oviposition groove was observed on dead tree stumps, and few invasion and eclosion holes were found which amounted to merely 0.54% and 0.29%, respectively, of the total. The number of boreholes(i.e., the combined total of oviposition grooves and invasion and eclosion holes) in the lower part of the trunk significantly correlated with the number of eclosion holes in the entire tree. However, it was more accurate and reliable to estimate the total number of eclosion holes on a tree by using the count of invasion holes in the lower section. 【Conclusion】 Using the invasion hole count in lower trunk section to estimate the total number of eclosion holes on a infested tree was considered a convenient, quick and reliable way for studying the M. monochamus infestation in a B. xylophilus forest.
引文
[1]杨洪,王进军,赵志模,等.重庆松墨天牛发生规律研究[J].中国森林病虫,2010,29(2):15-17.YANG H,WANG J J,ZHAO Z M,et al.Occurrence regularity of Monochamus alternatus in Chongqing[J].Forest Pest and Disease Mar,2010,29(2):15-17.(in Chinese)
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[5]陈元生,罗致迪,赖福胜,等.松褐天牛引诱剂及诱捕器色泽筛选试验[J].中国植保导刊,2014,34(12):44-46,13.CHEN Y S,LUO Z D,LAI F S,et al.Screening and application of attractant and traps color for trapping Monochamus alternatus Hope in forest[J].China Plant Protection,2014,34(12):44-46,13.(in Chinese)
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[7]孟俊国,刘博,徐华潮,等.松墨天牛幼虫在马尾松上的分布规律研究[J].浙江林业科技,2012,32(2):41-44.MENG J G,LIU B,XU H C,et al.Study on Distribution of Monochamus alternatus larvae on Pinus massoniana[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology,2012,32(2):41-44.(in Chinese)
[8]高尚坤,唐艳龙,张彦龙,等.松褐天牛在马尾松树干上的分布规律[J].林业科学研究,2015,28(5):708-712.GAO S K,TANG Y L,ZHANG Y L,et al.Distribution of Monochamus alternatus on the Trunks of Pinus massoniana[J].Forest Research,2015,28(5):708-712.(in Chinese)
[9]涂业苟,喻爱林,曾吉华,等.松褐天牛垂直分布规律[J].生物灾害科学,2018,41(2):138-143.TU Y G,YU A L,ZENG J H,et al.Study on Distribution of Monochamus alternatus Hope[J].Biological Disaster Science,2018,41(2):138-143.(in Chinese)
[10]张世渊,蔡道尧,陆高,等.松褐天牛羽化历期和各虫态在被害树上的分布[J].森林病虫通讯,2000(5):14-16.ZHANG S Y,CAI D Y,LU G,et al.Emergence period of Monochamus al ternatus and its distribution regularity on infested pines[J].Forest Pest and Disease,2000(5):14-16.(in Chinese)
[11]陈顺立,王玲萍,黄金聪,等.松墨天牛幼虫在马尾松树上垂直分布的研究[J].福建林学院学报,2001,21(4):297-300.CHEN S L,WANG L P,HUANG J C,et al.Study on the Vertical Distribution of Monochamus alternatus Hope Larvae on Pinus massoniana[J].Journal of Fujian College of Forestry,2001,21(4):297-300.(in Chinese)
[12]李大岔.松墨天牛在马尾松上的垂直分布及防治要点[J].林业勘察设计,2004(2):88-89.LI D D.Vertical Distribution and Control Points of Monochamus alternatus on Pinus massoniana[J].Forestry Survey and Design,2004(2):88-89.(in Chinese)
[13]王问学.松墨天牛在马尾松树干上的垂直分布[J].中国森林病虫,1986(4):25.WANG W X.Vertical Distribution of Monochamus alternatus on the Trunk of Pinus massoniana[J].Forest Pest and Disease Mar,1986(4):25.(in Chinese)
[14]杨子祥,王健敏,陈晓鸣,等.松墨天牛在云南松树干的垂直分布研究[J].林业科学研究,2010,23(4):607-611.YANG Z X,WANG J M,CHEN X M,et al.The Vertical Distribution Characteristics of Monochamus alternatus on Pinus yunnanensis Trunks[J].Forest Research,2010,23(4):607-611.(in Chinese)
[15]高娜,姚洪锡,李超,等.松褐天牛产卵刻痕在黑松树干上分布规律的研究.环境昆虫学报,2013,35(1):33-38.GAO N,YAO H X,LI C,et al.Distribution of Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae) eggs on Pinus thunbergii Parl[J].Journal of Environmental Entomology,2013,35(1):33-38.(in Chinese)
[16]王玲萍.松墨天牛生物学特性的研究[J].福建林业科技,2004,31(3):23-26.WANG L P.Study on the Biological Characteristic of Monochamus Alternatus Hope[J].Journal of Fujian College of Forestry,2004,31(3):23-26.(in Chinese)
[17]柴希民,何志华,李春才,等.松墨天牛成虫产卵特性研究[J].北京林业大学学报,1997,19(2):69-72.CHAI X M,HE Z H,LI C C,et al.Studies on oviposition characteristics of adult Monochamus alternatus[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,1997,19(2):69-72.(in Chinese)
[18]蒋丽雅,朋金和,李志祥.松材线虫(及松褐天牛)在其致死木伐桩中分布与生存期的调查[J].安徽林业科技,1997(3):35-37.JIANG L Y,PENG J H,LI Z X.Investigation on Distribution and Survival Period of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Monochamus alternatus in Their Deadly Cutting Stakes[J].Journal of Anhui Forestry Science and Technology,1997(3):35-37.(in Chinese)
[2]王陈.松墨天牛的生物学特性及综合防治技术[J].安徽农学通报,2015,21(9):101-102.WANG C.Biological characteristics and integrated control techniques of Monochamus alternatus[J].Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,2015,21(9):101-102.(in Chinese)
[3]陈元生,周满生.松褐天牛的天敌昆虫及其生防利用研究[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(7):100-103.CHEN Y S,ZHOU M S.Research advances in the natural insect enemies and biocontrol of Monochamus alternatus Hope[J].Journal of Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2012,39(7):100-103.(in Chinese)
[4]陈元生,涂小云.松墨天牛成虫的生活习性与传病机制及其防控对策[J].中国植保导刊,2012,32(7):17-20.CHEN Y S,TU X Y.Adult life habits and its mechanism of transmitted disease of Monochamus alternatus Hope and its controlling strategy[J].China Plant Protection,2012,32(7):17-20.(in Chinese)
[5]陈元生,罗致迪,赖福胜,等.松褐天牛引诱剂及诱捕器色泽筛选试验[J].中国植保导刊,2014,34(12):44-46,13.CHEN Y S,LUO Z D,LAI F S,et al.Screening and application of attractant and traps color for trapping Monochamus alternatus Hope in forest[J].China Plant Protection,2014,34(12):44-46,13.(in Chinese)
[6]吴建福,张维玲,张仁香,等.赣南松墨天牛生活史研究[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(2):321-323,326.WU J F,ZHANG W L,ZHANG R X,et al.Research on the Life History of Monochamus alternatus Hope in South Jiangxi[J].Journal of Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2013,52(2):321-323,326.(in Chinese)
[7]孟俊国,刘博,徐华潮,等.松墨天牛幼虫在马尾松上的分布规律研究[J].浙江林业科技,2012,32(2):41-44.MENG J G,LIU B,XU H C,et al.Study on Distribution of Monochamus alternatus larvae on Pinus massoniana[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology,2012,32(2):41-44.(in Chinese)
[8]高尚坤,唐艳龙,张彦龙,等.松褐天牛在马尾松树干上的分布规律[J].林业科学研究,2015,28(5):708-712.GAO S K,TANG Y L,ZHANG Y L,et al.Distribution of Monochamus alternatus on the Trunks of Pinus massoniana[J].Forest Research,2015,28(5):708-712.(in Chinese)
[9]涂业苟,喻爱林,曾吉华,等.松褐天牛垂直分布规律[J].生物灾害科学,2018,41(2):138-143.TU Y G,YU A L,ZENG J H,et al.Study on Distribution of Monochamus alternatus Hope[J].Biological Disaster Science,2018,41(2):138-143.(in Chinese)
[10]张世渊,蔡道尧,陆高,等.松褐天牛羽化历期和各虫态在被害树上的分布[J].森林病虫通讯,2000(5):14-16.ZHANG S Y,CAI D Y,LU G,et al.Emergence period of Monochamus al ternatus and its distribution regularity on infested pines[J].Forest Pest and Disease,2000(5):14-16.(in Chinese)
[11]陈顺立,王玲萍,黄金聪,等.松墨天牛幼虫在马尾松树上垂直分布的研究[J].福建林学院学报,2001,21(4):297-300.CHEN S L,WANG L P,HUANG J C,et al.Study on the Vertical Distribution of Monochamus alternatus Hope Larvae on Pinus massoniana[J].Journal of Fujian College of Forestry,2001,21(4):297-300.(in Chinese)
[12]李大岔.松墨天牛在马尾松上的垂直分布及防治要点[J].林业勘察设计,2004(2):88-89.LI D D.Vertical Distribution and Control Points of Monochamus alternatus on Pinus massoniana[J].Forestry Survey and Design,2004(2):88-89.(in Chinese)
[13]王问学.松墨天牛在马尾松树干上的垂直分布[J].中国森林病虫,1986(4):25.WANG W X.Vertical Distribution of Monochamus alternatus on the Trunk of Pinus massoniana[J].Forest Pest and Disease Mar,1986(4):25.(in Chinese)
[14]杨子祥,王健敏,陈晓鸣,等.松墨天牛在云南松树干的垂直分布研究[J].林业科学研究,2010,23(4):607-611.YANG Z X,WANG J M,CHEN X M,et al.The Vertical Distribution Characteristics of Monochamus alternatus on Pinus yunnanensis Trunks[J].Forest Research,2010,23(4):607-611.(in Chinese)
[15]高娜,姚洪锡,李超,等.松褐天牛产卵刻痕在黑松树干上分布规律的研究.环境昆虫学报,2013,35(1):33-38.GAO N,YAO H X,LI C,et al.Distribution of Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae) eggs on Pinus thunbergii Parl[J].Journal of Environmental Entomology,2013,35(1):33-38.(in Chinese)
[16]王玲萍.松墨天牛生物学特性的研究[J].福建林业科技,2004,31(3):23-26.WANG L P.Study on the Biological Characteristic of Monochamus Alternatus Hope[J].Journal of Fujian College of Forestry,2004,31(3):23-26.(in Chinese)
[17]柴希民,何志华,李春才,等.松墨天牛成虫产卵特性研究[J].北京林业大学学报,1997,19(2):69-72.CHAI X M,HE Z H,LI C C,et al.Studies on oviposition characteristics of adult Monochamus alternatus[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,1997,19(2):69-72.(in Chinese)
[18]蒋丽雅,朋金和,李志祥.松材线虫(及松褐天牛)在其致死木伐桩中分布与生存期的调查[J].安徽林业科技,1997(3):35-37.JIANG L Y,PENG J H,LI Z X.Investigation on Distribution and Survival Period of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Monochamus alternatus in Their Deadly Cutting Stakes[J].Journal of Anhui Forestry Science and Technology,1997(3):35-37.(in Chinese)