不同有机菌肥对豫中烤烟生长代谢及品质的影响
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摘要
为筛选出适宜豫中烟区最优有机肥种类,采用田间试验的方法,在施用相同化学肥料和芝麻饼肥的基础上,设置CK(烟农习惯施肥)、T_1(精制有机肥)、T_2(有机肥料1号)、T_3(复方有机菌肥)4个处理,测定了不同处理下烤烟的农艺性状、碳氮代谢关键酶活性、化学成分及烤后烟叶品质。结果表明:与CK相比,有机肥料1号和复方有机菌肥处理显著提高了烤烟的株高,增加了叶长、叶宽和叶片数。精制有机肥和复方有机菌肥处理提高了烤烟生长前期硝酸还原酶活性、后期转化酶和淀粉酶活性。有机肥料1号处理提高了前期烟叶氮含量,复方有机菌肥和精制有机肥处理分别提高了后期烟叶磷和钾含量。且复方有机菌肥处理提高了总糖、还原糖和钾含量,降低了烟碱和氯离子含量;有机肥处理显著促进中部叶(C3F)中性致香物质的合成,其中复方有机菌肥处理的致香物质总量最高(551.53μg/g)。综上所述,在豫中烟区,有机肥料1号和复方有机菌肥与化肥芝麻饼肥配施能促进烤烟生长,改善烤烟品质。
In order to screen out the optimum organic fertilizer kind for flue-cured tobacco production in central Henan province,we carried out the field experiment with the following four treatments:CK,farmers' practical fertilization without organic fertilizer; T_1,refined organic fertilizer; T_2,organic fertilizer No.1; T_3,compound organic bacterial fertilizer.The same quantity of chemical fertilizer and sesame cake manure were applied in all treatments.The agronomic traits,the activity of leaf key enzymes in carbon and nitrogen metabolism,the leaf chemical compositions,and the baked leaf quality of tobacco plants in various treatments were analyzed.The results showed that:in comparison with CK,the organic fertilizer No.1 and the compound organic bacterial fertilizer significantly increased the plant height,leaf length,leaf width and leaf number of flue-cured tobacco; the refined organic fertilizer and the compound organic bacterial fertilizer improved the activity of nitrate reductase of flue-cured tobacco in earlier growth period,and the activities of invertase and amylase in later growth period; the organic fertilizer No.1 enhanced the nitrogen content in tobacco leaves at earlier growth stage; the compound organic bacterial fertilizer and the refined organic fertilizer enhanced the phosphorus content and potassium content in tobacco leaves at later growth stage,respectively; the compound organic bacterial fertilizer raised the contents of total sugar,reducing sugar and potassium,and reduced the contents of nicotine and chlorine ion in tobacco leaves; the treatments with organic fertilizer significantly promoted the synthesis of neutral aroma components in middle-part leaves(C3F),and the treatment with compound organic bacterial fertilizer obtained the highest total content of aroma components(551.53 μg/g).In conclusion,in tobacco-planting area of central Henan province,the combined application of organic fertilizer No.1 or compound organic bacterial fertilizer with chemical fertilizer and sesame cake manure can promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco,and can improve its quality.
In order to screen out the optimum organic fertilizer kind for flue-cured tobacco production in central Henan province,we carried out the field experiment with the following four treatments:CK,farmers' practical fertilization without organic fertilizer; T_1,refined organic fertilizer; T_2,organic fertilizer No.1; T_3,compound organic bacterial fertilizer.The same quantity of chemical fertilizer and sesame cake manure were applied in all treatments.The agronomic traits,the activity of leaf key enzymes in carbon and nitrogen metabolism,the leaf chemical compositions,and the baked leaf quality of tobacco plants in various treatments were analyzed.The results showed that:in comparison with CK,the organic fertilizer No.1 and the compound organic bacterial fertilizer significantly increased the plant height,leaf length,leaf width and leaf number of flue-cured tobacco; the refined organic fertilizer and the compound organic bacterial fertilizer improved the activity of nitrate reductase of flue-cured tobacco in earlier growth period,and the activities of invertase and amylase in later growth period; the organic fertilizer No.1 enhanced the nitrogen content in tobacco leaves at earlier growth stage; the compound organic bacterial fertilizer and the refined organic fertilizer enhanced the phosphorus content and potassium content in tobacco leaves at later growth stage,respectively; the compound organic bacterial fertilizer raised the contents of total sugar,reducing sugar and potassium,and reduced the contents of nicotine and chlorine ion in tobacco leaves; the treatments with organic fertilizer significantly promoted the synthesis of neutral aroma components in middle-part leaves(C3F),and the treatment with compound organic bacterial fertilizer obtained the highest total content of aroma components(551.53 μg/g).In conclusion,in tobacco-planting area of central Henan province,the combined application of organic fertilizer No.1 or compound organic bacterial fertilizer with chemical fertilizer and sesame cake manure can promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco,and can improve its quality.
引文
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[32]化党领,杨秋云,王镇,等.施用生物有机肥对烤烟生长及香气物质含量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2011,17(1):62-66.
[2]Guo J H,Liu X J,Zhang Y,et al.Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands[J].Science,2010,327(5968):1008-1010.
[3]李军营,邓小鹏,杨坤,等.施用有机肥对植烟土壤理化性质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2012(3):12-16.
[4]张焕菊,陈刚,王树声,等.应用生物有机肥减少烤烟化肥用量试验研究[J].中国烟草科学,2015,36(1):48-53.
[5]Williamsa A,Boriessonb G,Hedlund K.The effects of 55years of different inorganic fertilizer regimes on soil properties and microbial community composition[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2013,67:41-46.
[6]Fandika R I,Kadyampakeni D.Comparative response of varied irrigated maize to organic and inorganic fertilizer application[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,Parts A B C,2007,32(15):1107-1116.
[7]肖瑶,蒋宇洲,李迪,等.有机生物菌肥对重茬烤烟养分吸收及光合特性的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2016,44(12):88-91.
[8]王逸飞.精制有机肥对烤烟农艺性状和产值的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2012.
[9]唐莉娜,陈顺辉.不同种类有机肥与化肥配施对烤烟生长和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,44(11):258-261.
[10]陈玉国,李小杰,王海涛,等.烟田有机肥配施对烤烟抗病性和品质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(6):38-42.
[11]陈乐.豆饼与化肥配施对土壤氮素供应与烤烟品质的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2015.
[12]武雪萍,钟秀明,秦艳青,等.不同种类饼肥与化肥配施对烟叶香气质量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(6):1196-1201.
[13]张弘,刘世亮,朱金峰,等.相同碳氮比有机物料对烤烟生长发育及碳氮代谢的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2016,14(5):110-118.
[14]何跃.生物有机复合肥施用技术[J].四川农业科技,2011(6):47.
[15]刘国顺.烟草栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[16]邹琦.植物生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[17]何仲佩.农作物化学控制实验指导[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1998:60-65.
[18]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:25-282.
[19]闫克玉,赵献章.烟叶分级[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:64-65.
[20]王瑞新,韩富根,杨素勤,等.烟草化学品质分析法[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1990.
[21]刘世亮,杜君,化党领,等.不同有机酸对烤烟品质和产值的影响[J].作物学报,2008,34(5):851-858.
[22]仝延鹏.精制有机肥对不同品种烤烟根际微生态及其产质量的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2014.
[23]施河丽,谭军,秦兴成,等.不同生物有机肥对烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2014,35(2):74-78.
[24]冀德红,高相彬,李彦平,等.微生物有机肥对豫烟7号生长发育及烤烟品质的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2016(11):37-45.
[25]杨云高,王树林,刘国,等.生物有机肥对烤烟产质量及土壤改良的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2012,33(4):70-74.
[26]李雪利,叶协锋,顾建国,等.土壤C/N比对烤烟碳氮代谢关键酶活性和烟叶品质影响的研究[J].中国烟草学报,2011,17(3):32-36.
[27]刘霞.绿肥和菌肥对玉米茬土壤性状及烟叶品质的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2008.
[28]彭华伟,刘国顺,吴学巧,等.生物有机肥对烤烟氮磷钾积累、吸收和含量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2008,29(1):25-29.
[29]韦忠,尹永强,钟启德,等.施用生物有机肥对烤烟生长及其产量和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(3):135-138.
[30]赵铭钦.烟草调香学[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:76-85.
[31]刘典三,刘国顺,杨永峰,等.不同类型有机肥对烤烟石油醚提取物及香气物质含量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013(1):74-79.
[32]化党领,杨秋云,王镇,等.施用生物有机肥对烤烟生长及香气物质含量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2011,17(1):62-66.